高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)詳解+練習(xí)

1、 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、語(yǔ)態(tài)概述語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。例如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+P.P.DotheyspeakFrench?一般過去時(shí)was/were+p.p.Thehunterkilledatiger.一般將來時(shí)shall/willbe+

2、p.p.Ishallmakeaplan.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+being+p.p.Theseworkersarebuildinganewbridge.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+being+p.p.Theywerediscussingtheplanatthattime.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+been+p.p.ShehaslearnedmanyEnglishwords.過去完成時(shí)had+been+p.p.Theyhadsolvedtheproblem.過去將來時(shí)wouldbe+p.p.was/weregoingtobe+p.p.Theyweregoingtoputonaplayth

3、enextweek.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/must/should+be+p.p.YoumustanswerthequestioninEnglish.三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法1.不知道或者沒有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如（1）Hiswatchwasstolenyesterday.（2）ThiscarismadeinJapan.2、當(dāng)更加強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。此時(shí)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者由by引導(dǎo)置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，不需要時(shí)可以省略。Theroomhasntbeencleanedyet.房間還沒有打掃。Thetigerwaskilledbyhim.老虎被他殺死了。3、當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)，多用被動(dòng)

4、語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Thewindowwasblownbywind.窗戶被風(fēng)吹開了。Thewholevillagehasbeenwashedawaybytheflood.整個(gè)村莊都被洪水沖走了。4、表示客觀的說明常用Itis+過去分詞.句型。ItissaidthatLucyhasgoneabroad.據(jù)說露茜已經(jīng)出國(guó)了。Itisbelievedthatheisaspy.（=Heisbelievedtobeaspy.）大家相信他是個(gè)間諜。其它常見的Itis+過去分詞+that句型還有Itisreportedthat據(jù)報(bào)道Itissaidthat據(jù)說Itishopedthat大家希望Itiswellknow

5、nthat眾所周知Asinknowntoallthat.Itisbelievedthat大家相信Itissuggestedthat有人建議四、疑難問題1、有些動(dòng)詞如：tell,pay,send,give,buy,show,offer,lend,leave,make,hand,throw,teach等，可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)。主動(dòng)：Jacktoldusthetruth.被動(dòng)：WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.ThetruthwastoldtousbyJack.主動(dòng)：Motherbo

6、ughtmeanewcoat.被動(dòng)：Iwasboughtanewcoatbymother.Anewcoatwasboughtformebymother.2、在使役動(dòng)詞have,make,get以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.3、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞如break，catch，clean，d

7、rive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語(yǔ)通常是物。Thiskindofclothwasheswell.Thesebookssellverywell.Thecardrivesfast.注意：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)的特征，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。Thedoorwontlock.這門關(guān)不上。(主語(yǔ)的情況、屬性，表示“門出問題了”Thedoorwontbelocked(不會(huì)有人來鎖門,指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因)Thesentencereadsclearly.Thesentencei

8、sreadclearly.表示發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)，女如happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,turnout等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.Howdothenewspaperscomeout?這些報(bào)紙是如何出版的呢？表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel,smell,sound,taste,look,prove等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.Theflowersmellssweet.Thi

9、sdishtastesgood.4、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。在某些句型中可用doing和todo表被動(dòng)意義。在need，want，require等少數(shù)表示“需要的動(dòng)詞后，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired).這房子需要修理。Theseplantswantwateringeveryday.Thissentenceneedsexplaining(tobeexplained).形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；Inall,thebookisworthrea

10、ding.Thismightbeworththinkingabout.而worthy后接動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式或ofbeingdone。Thebookisveryworthytoberead/ofbeingread.3）不定式用于某些動(dòng)詞（如have,havegot,get,want,need等）的賓語(yǔ)后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，則要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.Iwantsomethingtodrink.Iwanttogetsomethingtoread.【注】如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)，則要用被動(dòng)。I

11、havesomethingtotype.我有些東西要打。（指自己打字）Ihavesomethingtobetyped.我有些東西要打。（指請(qǐng)人打字）4）某些“be+形容詞+todo結(jié)構(gòu)中，常用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.Yourwritingisimpossibletoread.Doyouthinkthewaterissafetodrink?5）在tooto和不enoughtodos

12、th的結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thisbookistooexpensive（forme）tobuy.Theseboxesarenotstrongenoughtouseasaplatform.6）在therebe句型中，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)，重點(diǎn)在人，用被動(dòng)形式作定語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)在物。Thereisnotimetolose（tobelost）.（用tolose可看成forustolose；用tobelost,誰(shuí)losttime不明確。）Thereistoomuchworktodo.Thereisnothingtosee.7）tobla

13、me,torent用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?Thehouseistorent.五、專項(xiàng)練習(xí)Thehousemyparents.A.isbelongtoB.belongtoC.belongstoD.isbelongedtoTOC o 1-5 h zGreatchangesinourprovince.Manytallbuildings.A.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetupB.havetakenplace,havebeensetupC.havebeentakenplace,havesetupD.

14、weretakenplace,weresetupWecantusethebridgenow,becauseit.A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepairedTheydayandnight.A.aremadeworkB.aremadetoworkC.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtoworkWhenthePeoplesRepublicofChina?A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.did,foundD.does,foundAssoonaswegottotheairport,wefou

15、ndthattheplane.A.hadalreadytakenoffB.alreadytookoffC.wasalreadytakingoffD.wasalreadytakenoffWhenLiMinghurriedhome,hefoundthathismotheralreadytohospital.A.has;beensentBhad;sentChas;sentDhad;beensentIwanttobuythatkindofclothbecauseItheclothwell.A.havetold;washesB.havebeentold;washesC.wastold;washedD.h

16、avebeentold;iswashedThesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatchBytheendoflastyear，anothernewgymnasiuminBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompletedIfeelitisyourhusbandwhoforthespoiledchild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobebl

17、ameD.shouldblameIfcitynoisesfromincreasing，peopleshouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;havetoYoucantmoveinrightnow.Thehouse.A.haspaintedB.ispaintedC.isbeingpaintedD.ispaintingDoIhavetotakethismedicine?Itsoterrible

18、.A.tastesB.istastingC.istastedD.hastastedAfriendofminereturnedtohishouseafteraholidayonlytofindit.A.tobebrokenB.hadbrokenintoC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbrokeninto.TheybelievedthatbyusingcomputerstheproductionoftheirfactoryA.willgreatlyincreaseC.wouldbeincreasedgreatlyDoyoulikethenewpen?Yes，itverywell.A.iswrittenB.iswritingThenotice“Nosmoking.A.iswroteB.readsC.writesB.wouldgreatlyincreaseD.willhavebeengreatlyincrease