2022年石家莊人民醫(yī)學(xué)高等專科學(xué)校自考英語（二）練習(xí)題匯總（附答案解析）

1、2022年石家莊人民醫(yī)學(xué)高等?？茖W(xué)校自考英語（二）練習(xí)題匯總（附答案解析）第1題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】2010.04 Even after decades of2010.04 Even after decades ofthe two brothers recognized each otherimmediately.A、separationB、cooperationC、correspondenceD、communication【正確答案】A【答案解析】【譯文】盡管已經(jīng)分別了幾十年，這兩兄弟都是立刻認(rèn)出了對方。【試題分析】此題考查詞匯。【詳細(xì)解答】名詞的詞義選取。第2題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】from reade

2、rs.2007.04 The book fair has received a positiveA、resultB responseC、settlementD、solution【正確答案】B【答案解析】此題考查詞義辨析。response：反映，反響。result：結(jié)果，后果。settlement：殖民，移民，定居。solution：解決；解答。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該選response。a positive response： 良好的反映。第3題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】【閱讀選擇】Late one Sunday afternoon in September 1999, Oseola McCarty, an2010

3、.04 We have greatly the procedure according to the chairmans suggestion.A、stimulatedB、perceivedC、obscuredD、simplified【正確答案】D【答案解析】【譯文】按照主席的提議我們已經(jīng)大大地簡化了步驟?！驹囶}分析】 此題考查詞義辨析?！驹敿?xì)解答】動詞的詞義選取。第21題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】2009.04 This is the first time that a woman has been to the post.A、grantedB、praisedC、pointedD appointed【正

4、確答案】D【答案解析】譯文：這是第一次任命一位婦女擔(dān)任此職位。試題分析：此題考查 詞義辨析。團(tuán)詳細(xì)解答：A允許、同意；B表揚(yáng)、贊揚(yáng)；C指、指出；D指定、 任命、委任。第22題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】2010.04)Experts have found that normal sleep can be divided into fivestages.A、moderateB、initialC、distinctD、 advanced【正確答案】C10【答案解析】【譯文】專家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)正常的睡眠可以分為五個不同的階段。【試 題分析】此題考查詞匯?！驹敿?xì)解答】形容詞的詞義選取。第23題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】【閱讀選擇】G

5、ood news for chocoholics： the treat preferred by millions all over the world is good for you, according to American researchers at the University of California. Chocolate contains substances called flavonoids（類黃酮）that can help maintain a healthy heart and good circulation. The researchers have disco

6、vered that cocoa acts like aspirin and that eating a bar of chocolate has also been shown to release endorphins in the body： these chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy.Why is chocolate good for heart and circulation?A、It reduces pain and stress.B、It contains substances ca

7、lled flavonoids.C、It releases endorphins in human body.D It acts like aspirin to protect heart.【正確答案】B【答案解析】因果關(guān)系詞信號詞。但凡注釋中文的地方可能是答案區(qū)域。第24題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】2010.04 There is something wrong with my mobile phone. I must have it.A、repairB、to repairC、repairingD、repaired【正確答案】D【答案解析】此題考查非謂語動詞的用法。選擇過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)語，表示被動 以及

8、動作的完成?！咀g文】我的手機(jī)有毛病了，我一定要修好它（手機(jī)）。第25題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】112009.04 She everything else and concentrated on the task before her.A、set offB、set backC、set asideD、set up【正確答案】c【答案解析】此題考查短語意義辨析。譯文：她把其他事情都放到一邊，集中精 力于她面前的任務(wù)。詳細(xì)解答：A出發(fā)、動身；B把（某物）置于之后、延遲； C撇開、取消、廢除；D建立、提出。第26題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】2010.04 The spokesman occasionally his spee

9、ch with gestures.A、acknowledgesB、accompaniesC、attributesD anticipates【正確答案】B【答案解析】【譯文】這位發(fā)言人講演中偶爾伴有手勢?！驹囶}分析】詞匯題。【詳 細(xì)解答】動詞的詞義選取。第27題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】【完成句子】Sagan was noted for the vigour of his logic style, especially when criticizing some piece of pseudoscience （偽毛卜學(xué)）.I remembered a 1973 AAAS meeting at which h

10、e destroyed the theories of Immanuel Velikovsky, who was maintaining that only a few thousands of years ago, Venus had repeatedly collided with Earth and Mars; events well noted. Velikovsky said, in the bible.In Sagans opinion, Velikovsky might be.A、a member of the National Academy of ScienceB、a pse

11、udo-scientist12C、a science populariserD、a reporter【正確答案】B【答案解析】從這段文字中，我們可以了解到作者認(rèn)為，Sagan與偽科學(xué)作斗爭 的一個實(shí)例就是Sagan摧毀了 Velikovsky的錯誤論述,即Velikovsky提出，在過 去幾千年中，水星與地球和火星反復(fù)屢次相撞，這在圣經(jīng)中有加載。第28題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】【概括大意】 It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be

12、 found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still often found in modern stories.The main idea of this paragraph is.A、Science Fiction is a Fairly New Development in LiteratureB、Origins of Science

13、 FictionC、The Theme of Science FictionD、Science Fiction Has a Short History【正確答案】B【答案解析】從第一段話可以看出這段文字介紹了科普小說的起源。因此選擇Bo第29題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】2009.01 He has deep love for the people and loyalty to the country.A、intenseB、initialC、instantD、imitative【正確答案】A【答案解析】此題考查形容詞詞義區(qū)分。A強(qiáng)烈的，極度的；B最初的，開始 的；C立即的，即時的；D模仿的，仿效的。形容lo

14、yalty,選A比擬恰當(dāng)。13第30題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】2008,10 Country life is better than city life it offers fresh air and noiselessenvironment.A、in thatB、as thatC、as forD、in which【正確答案】A【答案解析】此題考查復(fù)合句。句意為：鄉(xiāng)村生活好過城市生活，因?yàn)樗諝庑?鮮且環(huán)境無噪音。in that是復(fù)合連接詞，只在一定的句式中使用。也可以用作 一個固定詞組。A在于，原因是，在方面；C.關(guān)于，至于，舉例：I like the country better in that i

15、t is closer to nature.我更喜歡鄉(xiāng)村，因?yàn)樗咏匀?。?1題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】, she is quite experienced in the work.A、As she is youngB、As young she isC、Young as she isD、Young as is she【正確答案】C【答案解析】這是讓步狀語從句的倒裝形式，相當(dāng)于Although she was young。第32題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】【閱讀選擇】If you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arth

16、ur Frommer or Eugene Fodor, it will not surprise you to learn that travel writing has a long and venerable history. Almost from the earliest annals of recorded time individuals have found ready audiences for their accounts of journeys to strange and exotic locales.This passage is mostly about.14A、wh

17、y people find travel writing excitingB、the literary style of three early travel writersC、where three early travel writers went and wrote aboutD、how to write a travel book【正確答案】c【答案解析】答案選c。主旨題。聯(lián)系第一自然段和每段首句知道，本文講了三 個作家，鎖定答案B和C,結(jié)合內(nèi)容，文章主要講關(guān)于他們的旅行和作品，答案 是Co第33題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】【閱讀判斷】The tornado caused a lot of dam

18、age to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes.Q: Power supply system was not damaged during the storm.A、TrueB、FalseC、

19、Not Given【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。此題可譯為：暴風(fēng)雨中供電系統(tǒng)沒遭到破壞。最后一句 說大風(fēng)和暴雨使一些家庭的供電出現(xiàn)了問題，與題項(xiàng)矛盾，應(yīng)選B。第34題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】2007.04 The newspaper will have to close down if it cannot increase its considerably.A、distributionB、contributionC、prescriptionD、circulation15【正確答案】D【答案解析】此題考查詞義辨析。circulation：（書報雜志的）銷售量，發(fā)行額, 銷路。符合句意。第35題【單項(xiàng)

20、選擇題】2009.04 It is not decided the conference will be held.A、whatB、whichC、whenD、that【正確答案】c【答案解析】此題考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。譯文：大會什么時候召開還沒 有決定。詳細(xì)解答：A什么；B哪一個；C什么時候；D （無詞義）。第36題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】【閱讀判斷】A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents

21、 from their beds.Q: During the April 28 earthquake, the whole England was left without power.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選Bo題中說2007年4月28日的地震致使全英格蘭都停電, 與文中表達(dá)的內(nèi)容不符。文中說地震殃及英格蘭東南部的肯特郡局部地區(qū)，電力 中斷，幾千名居民無電可用。the whole England 與 parts of southeast England 是 不符的，所以選B。第37題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】16【2009.7 He would t

22、hat all the classified data should be kept safe when inoffice.A、assureB、 ensureC、insureD、secure【正確答案】B【答案解析】此題考查動詞意義區(qū)分?！咀g文】他保證在辦公室里的所有機(jī)密數(shù) 據(jù)處于平安狀態(tài)。【詳細(xì)解答】A使確信，使有信心；B確保（某事）發(fā)生，擔(dān) 保；C為投保，給保險；D平安的，沒有危險的第38題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】【閱讀選擇】During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that youre hot. Thats tru

23、e. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: Get up, John !

24、 Youll be late for work again! The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.Which of the following m

25、ay lead to family quarrels according to the passage?A、Unawareness of energy cycles.B、Familiar monologues.C A change in a family members energy cycle.D、Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.【正確答案】A【答案解析】此題的關(guān)鍵是看懂本段的最后一句（即：Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives real

26、ize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle17 each member of the family has.z/),同時聯(lián)系本段的第四句和第五句(即：For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. )的意思。該句的直接意思是“如果丈夫和妻子能明白能量周期是怎么 回事，以及家庭每個成員有什么樣的周期，很多家庭爭吵就會停止。也就是說， 家庭爭吵的發(fā)生是因?yàn)檎煞蚝推拮硬涣私饽芰恐芷谑窃趺椿厥拢?/p>

27、更談不上了解每 個家庭成員有什么樣的能量周期了。因此A項(xiàng)：Unawareness of energy cycles(不 知道能量周期)應(yīng)是正確答案。第39題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】【完成句子】Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. but in 1953, females names were given because of the unpredictabi

28、lity（不可預(yù)知）factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist （性另U歧視的）nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.The main consideration of using males and females names for hurricanes is.A、the timely （及時的）discoveryB、its uncertaintyC、sex equalityD、 its connection with

29、 humans【正確答案】c【答案解析】依靠原文（利用（male, female） names作為答案線索詞）中最后 一句判斷答案為C （與性別有關(guān)）。第40題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】2009.01 You should help them when your friends quarrel with each other.A、come into sightB、come to termsC、come into playD、come to power18【正確答案】B【答案解析】此題考查短語的習(xí)慣用法。句意：當(dāng)你的朋友吵架時，你應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助 他們協(xié)調(diào)一下。come into或come to都表示進(jìn)入（某種狀態(tài)

30、）。A映入眼簾； B.達(dá)成協(xié)議，妥協(xié)；C開始運(yùn)作；D.上臺，開始掌權(quán)。第41題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】2009.01 If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get.A、concentratedB、confusedC、confirmedD、convinced【正確答案】B【答案解析】此題考查形近形容詞意義區(qū)分。句意：如果你試圖一次學(xué)太多東西， 你就有可能糊涂了。A.濃縮的，專心的；B糊涂的，混淆的；C根深蒂固的；D 確信的。第42題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】This is good reading habits are not only an i

31、mportant study skill for thestudent, but also an important life skill for anyone.A、thatB、whyC、whereD、when【正確答案】B【答案解析】此題考查詞義辨析。分析句意，空格處用why比擬好。why引導(dǎo)表 語從句。第43題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】19 elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house where she had lived and worked most of her life. It may seem like

32、 an ordinary end to a humble life, but there was something quite exceptional about this woman. In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave $ 150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life, to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown. The money was to help other African Americans

33、through university. She had started her savings habit as a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron for money which she would then save.This woman shocked and inspired the world because.A、she had managed to save so much moneyB、she gave her money to African AmericansC she gave

34、her life savings to help others through universityD she only spent money on cheap things【正確答案】c【答案解析】答案選c。only是絕對詞，在選項(xiàng)D中出現(xiàn)，根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)排除D；對 照原文第一自然段最后一句話 there was something quite exceptional about this woman說她有些特別的地方，接著第二自然段就講In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave $ 150,000, most of the money she had saved t

35、hroughout her life, to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown.她把大局部積攢的錢捐獻(xiàn) 給了家鄉(xiāng)的大學(xué)，A和B表達(dá)都不全面，答案是C。第4題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】Do you need a ride?No, thanks. I walking.A、preferB、wantC used toD、take【正確答案】A【答案解析】相比擬來說，更喜歡做某事用prefer,其結(jié)構(gòu)為prefer sth. to sth. 或者 prefer doing sth. to doing sth.。【閱讀選擇】Who was t

36、his man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father,

37、who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old. All the followings are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT.A、he was a soldier in World

38、 War IB、he was a Swiss womans long-lost fatherC、he was born about a thousand years agoD he came from Italy【正確答案】D【答案解析】解題步驟：四個選項(xiàng)逐個回到原文對應(yīng)位置，確認(rèn)是否正確。第44題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】2009.04 If payment is not received, legal action will be our only.A、aggressionB、advantageC、alternativeD、ambition【正確答案】C【答案解析】此題考查詞義選擇。譯文：如果我們收不

39、到付款，那就只好訴諸法 律了。A挑釁、侵犯；B優(yōu)勢、優(yōu)點(diǎn)；C選擇、取舍；D野心、抱負(fù)。第45題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】2009.04 Dont trust everything you have read in the newspapers.A、whichthat20C、asD、what【正確答案】B【答案解析】此題考查定語從句。譯文：不要相信你在報紙上讀到的每件事。定 語從句所修飾的先行詞是不定代詞everything,應(yīng)選B。第46題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】【閱讀選擇】Late one Sunday afternoon in September 1999, Oseola McCarty, an elderly

40、 cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house where she had lived and worked most of her life. It may seem like an ordinary end to a humble life, but there was something quite exceptional about this woman. In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave $ 150,000, most of the money she had saved t

41、hroughout her life, to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown. The money was to help other African Americans through university. She had started her savings habit as a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron for money which she would then save.This woman shock

42、ed and inspired the world because.A、she had managed to save so much moneyB、she gave her money to African AmericansC、she gave her life savings to help others through universityD、she only spent money on cheap things【正確答案】c【答案解析】答案選c。only是絕對詞，在選項(xiàng)D中出現(xiàn)，根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)排除D；對 照原文第一自然段最后一句話 there was something quite ex

43、ceptional about this woman說她有些特別的地方，接著第二自然段就講In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave $ 150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life, to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown.她把大局部積攢的錢捐獻(xiàn) 給了家鄉(xiāng)的大學(xué)，A和B表達(dá)都不全面，答案是C。第47題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】21【完成句子】Sagan was noted for the vigour of his logic

44、 style, especially when criticizing some piece of pseudoscience （偽科學(xué)）.I remembered a 1973 AAAS meeting at which he destroyed the theories of Immanuel Velikovsky, who was maintaining that only a few thousands of years ago, Venus had repeatedly collided with Earth and Mars; events well noted. Velikovs

45、ky said, in the bible.In Sagans opinion, Velikovsky might be.A、a member of the National Academy of ScienceB、a pseudo-scientistC、a science populariserD、a reporter【正確答案】B【答案解析】從這段文字中，我們可以了解到作者認(rèn)為，Sagan與偽科學(xué)作斗爭 的一個實(shí)例就是Sagan摧毀了 Velikovsky的錯誤論述，即Velikovsky提出，在過 去幾千年中，水星與地球和火星反復(fù)屢次相撞，這在圣經(jīng)中有加載。第48題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】【I閱讀

46、半斷】Five neighbors at a central Missouri retirement community who are all centenarians （百歲老人）get asked all the time： Z/How did you live to be 100?Q: The five centenarians live in a very friendly community.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正確答案】C【答案解析】答案選Co題目說的是這五位百歲老人生活在一個非常友好的社 區(qū)”，文章開頭局部提到了“community（社區(qū)），但該句

47、并沒有說這五位百歲老人 生活的社區(qū)是否是一個友好的社區(qū)，因此判斷問題句的信息在文章中沒有提到。第49題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】【概括大意】Wignail calculated the killing efficiency for these volcanoes by22 comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effec

48、tive at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The main idea of this paragraph is.A、Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic EruptionsB、Accounting for the Killing Power of Older EruptionsC、Calculation of the Killing Power of Older EruptionsD A Mass Extinction【正確答案】c【答案解析】本段第一句話是說:Wignall calculated th

49、e killing efficiency for these volcanoes.； Wignall計(jì)算了這些火山的滅絕效率 ；其中killing efficiency與 killing Power意思差不多，屬于同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換，因此選擇B或C,但是account for意 思是：（在數(shù)量方面）占；說明（原因等）不符合句意，因此不選擇B。第50題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】【2009.01 What he told us was more of a（n）than a reality.A、illusionB、demonstrationC、illustrationD、reputation【正確答案】A【答案解析】此

50、題考查詞義辨析。句意:他告訴我們的更可能是幻想而不是現(xiàn)實(shí)。 考查名詞詞義。A幻想，錯誤觀念；B演示，證明；C圖解，實(shí)例；D名聲， 名譽(yù)。第51題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】【I閱讀選擇】Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 counties are members, have shown that

51、 45 per cent of reptile23。爬行類的）species and 24 per cent of butterflies are in danger of dying out.Recent studies by the council of Europe have indicated that.A、 wildlife needs more protection only in Britain.B、all species of wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying out.there are fewer species of rep

52、tiles and butterflies in Europe than elsewhere.many species of reptiles an butterflies in Europe need protecting.【正確答案】D【答案解析】答案選Do本段的第二個句子是這么說的：有21個國家組成的歐 洲委員會的研究說明，45%的爬行動物和24%的蝴蝶瀕臨滅絕。由此可見，D是 正確的答案。第52題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】2007.04 It is difficult to the implication between the lines.A、get toB、get withC、get atD、

53、get down【正確答案】c【答案解析】此題考查詞組辨析。A,開始，接觸；C.找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.下來, 寫下來。第53題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】2008.04)To understand the sentence, you should analyze its parts.A、functionallyB、widelyC、largelyD、remarkably【正確答案】A【答案解析】此題考查副詞詞義區(qū)分。為了理解這個句子，你應(yīng)該分析句子各個24局部的功能。A.有用途地、有功能地；B.寬廣地；C.大大地；D.突出地。第54題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】【填句補(bǔ)文】Rough estimates in the past

54、have predicted similarly disappointing results. Says Sallie Chishol, an environmental engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. But the take-home message is the same. Ocean fertilization is not the answer to global warming.A、These are newer and better models,B、 Its opponents argue, ho

55、wever, that it will stop global warming.C Adding iron to patches of ocean can make plankton bloom temporarily.D、As plankton die and settle on the ocean floor, their carbon is supposedly locked up in the seabed.【正確答案】A【答案解析】這個問題可以根據(jù)引號來作答，因?yàn)榭崭窈竺嬗衧ays這個詞，它 預(yù)示著所填入的句子應(yīng)該是帶引號的。A的意思是：這些是比擬新的也是比擬好 的模型。第55題【單

56、項(xiàng)選擇題】2008.04 The government finally all the documents relating to the war.A、releasedB、specializedC、realizedD、 supposed【正確答案】A【答案解析】此題考查動詞意義區(qū)分。A”公開發(fā)表、公布或發(fā)布（新聞） B專 門從事、專攻 C意識到、領(lǐng)悟 D假定、猜測。整句話的意思是：政府最 終公布了與這場戰(zhàn)爭有關(guān)的全部文件。25第56題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】閱讀選擇I recognized that the sites such as Associated Content can provide a f

57、ertile ground for learning how to become a better writer. I could see that this was an open door for systematically learning some basic writing skills without paying college tuition for classes and leaving the comfort of my own home. In the eyes of the author, the site Associated Content.A、offers yo

58、u a lot of novels to readB、is good for your becoming a writerC、asks you to study writing regularlyD is rather expensive but convenient【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。根據(jù)本段的can provide a fertile ground for learning how to become a better writer確定B答案。其余選項(xiàng)與原文意思不符。A與D選項(xiàng)所表 達(dá)內(nèi)容在文中并未提及，可以被排除。C選項(xiàng)中regularly 一詞并未在文中得到體 現(xiàn)。第5

59、7題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】It is strongly held that new must be introduced to protect theright of the immigrants.A、statisticsB、constructionsC、measuresD、concessions【正確答案】c【答案解析】此題考查名詞詞義區(qū)分?！咀g文】強(qiáng)烈支持采取新措施維護(hù)移民的 權(quán)力。【詳細(xì)解答】A統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué) B建設(shè) C措施，方法 D讓步，特許 權(quán)第58題【單項(xiàng)選擇題】26【閱讀選擇】War may be a natural expression of biological instinct and d

60、rives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality （守衛(wèi)地盤的天性）are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate （天生H勺） survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation,