2022年南京郵電大學(xué)通達(dá)學(xué)院自考英語(yǔ)（二）練習(xí)題匯總（附答案解析）

1、 2022年南京郵電大學(xué)通達(dá)學(xué)院自考英語(yǔ)（二）練習(xí)題匯總（附答案解析）第1題【單選題】【2009.01】I was writing a report last night;_I would not have stayed up late. A、however B、otherwise C、therefore D、furthermore【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我昨天晚上寫一個(gè)報(bào)告，否則我就不會(huì)熬夜了。A 然而，不過(guò)；B 否則，要不然；C 因此，所以；D 再者，而且。 第2題【單選題】【2009.01】Modern economics _the countrys agr

2、icultural policies. A、undergoes B、understands C、underlies D、undertakes【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是國(guó)家農(nóng)業(yè)政策的基礎(chǔ)。考查形近動(dòng)詞詞義。A 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受；B 了解；C 成為的基礎(chǔ)；D 承擔(dān)，保證。 第3題【單選題】【2009.10】Poor speaker of English though he was at the time, he still managed to make himself _. A、understand B、understood C、understanding D、to

3、 understand【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查語(yǔ)法。那個(gè)時(shí)候雖然他說(shuō)英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得不好，但仍然可以讓別人聽(tīng)懂。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選用。過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)以及動(dòng)作的完成。第4題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Two thousand years ago the Chinese had already developed a working compass. A piece of lodestone（天然磁石）would be cut into the shape of a ladle（長(zhǎng)柄勺）. Placed on a stone board with a smooth surface, the

4、lodestone would move round until the handle of the ladle pointed south while the bulk（主體）of the ladle was attracted to magnetic north. This interestingly shaped device is mentioned in a book from about 80. Other ancient books may have dated it as far back as the fourth century Jade（玉石）finders played

5、 an important role in the invention of the ladle. They travelled great distances to look for jade. In order not to lose directions, they would take a ladle with them.When did the Chinese invent the compass? A、In 1492. B、In the thirteen century A.D. C、In A.D. 80. D、At least 2000 years ago.【正確答案】D【答案解

6、析】本段中Two thousand years ago the Chinese had already developed a working compass.直接告訴我們中國(guó)發(fā)明指南針的時(shí)間。第5題【單選題】He said that the group _ him a letter and asked him to go there for an interview. A、have written B、had written C、wrote D、would write【正確答案】B【答案解析】“寫信給他”應(yīng)該發(fā)生在他說(shuō)話之前，也就是過(guò)去的過(guò)去，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。第6題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】The

7、 acid rain（酸雨）is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruptions make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of eros

8、ion reduced. _. A、The problem, however, is not just a European one. B、That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already. C、However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican peopl

9、e. D、Acid rain is how a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe.【正確答案】C【答案解析】前文提到完成這項(xiàng)工作需要很多的錢，答案轉(zhuǎn)折說(shuō)到了墨西哥沒(méi)有這么多的錢去做。兩句之間有隱含的邏輯關(guān)系。第7題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】War may be a natural expression of biological instinct and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostili

10、ty, and territoriality (守衛(wèi)地盤的天性) are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate (天生的) survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation, that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence. But,

11、on the other hand, human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression, violence can not be simply reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human socie

12、ties violence has a social function: It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical (道德上的) patterns within which human violence has been directed. Human viol

13、ence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that _. A、it threatens the existing social systems B、it is influenced by society C、it has roots in religious conflicts D、it is directed against institutions of law【正確答案】B【答案解析】本段指出了人類暴力的兩個(gè)特性，其中第二個(gè)特性是“a learned behavior”?？梢灾辣绢}的答案應(yīng)該就在本段的后面部分。接下來(lái)的第二句話

14、即說(shuō)人類暴力的諸多表現(xiàn)形式都受社會(huì)習(xí)慣的制約：The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior，將其定型為侵略性行為。第8題【單選題】【2008.04】The government finally _ all the documents relating to the war. A、released B、specialized C、realized D、supposed【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考

15、查動(dòng)詞意義區(qū)分。A “公開(kāi)發(fā)表、公布或發(fā)布（新聞）” B 專門從事、專攻 C 意識(shí)到、領(lǐng)悟 D 假定、猜想。整句話的意思是：政府最終公布了與這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)有關(guān)的全部文件。第9題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】The world is not only hungry; it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earths surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea-water, or s

16、alt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3%the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs（冰山）and glaciers（冰川）. Even worse, some of it has been polluted.What percentage of the eart

17、hs water can man actually use at present? A、Nearly 75 per cent. B、About 97 per cent. C、Exactly 3 per cent. D、Less than 3 percent.【正確答案】D【答案解析】根據(jù)本段得知，地球上只有3的水適于人類飲用，然而部分以冰山或冰川的形式存在，還有的被污染，因而實(shí)際上人類能用的水要低于3。第10題【單選題】【2008.10】Johnson was _ unknown before running for the presidency. A、visibly B、visually C

18、、vertically D、virtually【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查（形近的）副詞詞義區(qū)分。譯文：事實(shí)上，約翰遜在參選總統(tǒng)職位之前是個(gè)無(wú)名人士。A 顯然，明顯地 B 外表上，直觀地 C 垂直地，直立地 D 實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上第11題【單選題】【2009.10】Scientists doubt whether its _ to regulate ones biological clock by drinking. A、feasible B、incredible C、fashionable D、valuable【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查形容詞詞義區(qū)分?？茖W(xué)家懷疑通過(guò)喝酒來(lái)調(diào)整人體生

19、物鐘是否可行。A 可行的、可能且合理的 B 不可相信的、難以置信的C 時(shí)髦的、時(shí)尚的 D 貴重的、寶貴的第12題【單選題】After the argument she _. A、trumpet out B、gesture off C、stormed off D、position in【正確答案】C【答案解析】題目意思：經(jīng)過(guò)爭(zhēng)論之后她憤然離開(kāi)。storm作動(dòng)詞是表示“氣呼呼地疾走”，storm off“氣沖沖地離去” 。第13題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】 Although the researchers have only just made the technical details of the

20、 microscope public, it is already on sale. It is currently the size of a refrigerator and takes several minutes to scan a circuit, but Xiao and Schrag are working _. A、to take tiny chips we require B、to making chips any smaller C、to shrink it to the size of a desktop computer and cut the scanning ti

21、me to 30 seconds D、of conducting electricity【正確答案】C【答案解析】這部分所說(shuō)的體積的減小和所需時(shí)間的縮短恰好與前半句中提到的冰箱大小的體積和所需數(shù)分鐘的時(shí)間形成了對(duì)比。即：目前它大約像冰箱那么大，而且要用幾分鐘掃描一個(gè)電路，但是他們正在努力使它縮小到臺(tái)式計(jì)算機(jī)那么大，把掃描時(shí)間縮短到30秒。第14題【單選題】【2008.10】It took a few seconds for her eyes to _ to the darkness. A、allocate B、adopt C、apply D、adjust【正確答案】D第15題【單選題】To u

22、nderstand the sentence, you should analyze its parts _. A、functionally B、widely C、largely D、remarkably【正確答案】A【答案解析】【譯文】為了理解這個(gè)句子，你應(yīng)該分析句子各個(gè)部分的功能?！驹囶}分析】本題考查副詞辨析?！驹敿?xì)解答】 A 有用途地、有功能地 B 寬廣地 C 大大地 D 突出地第16題【單選題】【2009.01】Whenever I go out to dinner with him, I always_paying the bill. A、end up B、arrive at C、d

23、rop out D、give off【正確答案】A【答案解析】句意：每當(dāng)我與他外出吃飯，最后總是我付賬。考查短語(yǔ)意義區(qū)分。 A 以而告終；B 達(dá)到，取得；C 不參加，隱退；D 散發(fā)。 第17題【單選題】【2008.10】It took a few seconds for her eyes to _ to the darkness. A、allocate B、adopt C、apply D、adjust【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析?！咀g文】她花了幾秒鐘時(shí)間使眼睛適應(yīng)黑暗?！驹敿?xì)解答】A 分配，撥出 B 收養(yǎng)，過(guò)繼 C 應(yīng)用，申請(qǐng) D 調(diào)整，使適合第18題【單選題】【2009.1

24、0】Scientists doubt whether its _ to regulate ones biological clock by drinking. A、feasible B、incredible C、fashionable D、valuable【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查形容詞詞義區(qū)分?？茖W(xué)家懷疑通過(guò)喝酒來(lái)調(diào)整人體生物鐘是否可行。A 可行的、可能且合理的 B 不可相信的、難以置信的C 時(shí)髦的、時(shí)尚的 D 貴重的、寶貴的第19題【單選題】【2007.04】The furniture in her bedroom is quite different from _ in the

25、living room. A、that B、it C、one D、which【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查復(fù)合句。that在本句中指代the furniture，目的是為了避免重復(fù)。which用于引導(dǎo)句子或短語(yǔ)，在此也不能指代the furniture。 第20題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】 Although the researchers have only just made the technical details of the microscope public, it is already on sale. It is currently the size of a refriger

26、ator and takes several minutes to scan a circuit, but Xiao and Schrag are working _. A、to take tiny chips we require B、to making chips any smaller C、to shrink it to the size of a desktop computer and cut the scanning time to 30 seconds D、of conducting electricity【正確答案】C【答案解析】這部分所說(shuō)的體積的減小和所需時(shí)間的縮短恰好與前半

27、句中提到的冰箱大小的體積和所需數(shù)分鐘的時(shí)間形成了對(duì)比。即：目前它大約像冰箱那么大，而且要用幾分鐘掃描一個(gè)電路，但是他們正在努力使它縮小到臺(tái)式計(jì)算機(jī)那么大，把掃描時(shí)間縮短到30秒。第21題【單選題】【2008.10】Johnson was _ unknown before running for the presidency. A、visibly B、visually C、vertically D、virtually【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查（形近的）副詞詞義區(qū)分。譯文：事實(shí)上，約翰遜在參選總統(tǒng)職位之前是個(gè)無(wú)名人士。A 顯然，明顯地 B 外表上，直觀地 C 垂直地，直立地 D 實(shí)際上，事

28、實(shí)上第22題【單選題】【2010.04】In order to follow fashions, the girl has to _ great discomforts. A、catch up with B、put up with C、keep up with D、fall in with【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查短語(yǔ)辨析。【譯文】為了跟隨時(shí)尚，這個(gè)女孩不得不忍受極度地不舒適。put up with：忍受。catch up with：追上，趕上。keep up with：和.保持聯(lián)系。fall in with：偶然遇到，贊同。第23題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】Many beginning

29、interviewers are afraid that they are forcing the other person to answer questions and have no right to inquire about his personal secrets. _. Unless the person really hates being interviewed, he is delighted that somebody wants to interview him. A、This fear is almost 100 percent unnecessary. B、This

30、 doesnt necessarily mean that it will go well. C、Most men and women lead lives that are uninteresting. D、Both of you need time to get to know each other.【正確答案】A【答案解析】抓住關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換，也就是afraid，選項(xiàng)中this fear就是對(duì)這種擔(dān)心的補(bǔ)充，這種擔(dān)心是完全沒(méi)有必要的，除非被采訪者確實(shí)是討厭別人問(wèn)自己。第24題【單選題】【2009.01】If you try to learn too many things at a

31、time, you may get_. A、concentrated B、confused C、confirmed D、convinced【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查形近形容詞意義區(qū)分。句意：如果你試圖一次學(xué)太多東西，你就有可能糊涂了。A .濃縮的，專心的；B 糊涂的，混淆的；C 根深蒂固的；D 確信的。第25題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】Scientists have learned that the sense of pain is made up of both chemical and electrical signals. _. Scientists also have learne

32、d that the nervous system sends two different kinds-of pain messages to the brain: one very fast, the other slow. A、It tells us not to use the injured part until it heals. B、These signals travel from nerve cells in the injured area, up the spinal cord（脊髓）to the brain, and back down again. C、The firs

33、t message is the warning signal. D、The other message moves at a speed of only one meter a second.【正確答案】B【答案解析】第一句講的是疼痛的感覺(jué)是由兩種信號(hào)signals 組成的，所以緊接著就提到兩種信號(hào)的傳播路線。B項(xiàng)恰恰照應(yīng)了首句意思。第26題【單選題】【2009.7】He would _ that all the classified data should be kept safe when in office. A、assure B、ensure C、insure D、secure【正確

34、答案】B【答案解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞意義區(qū)分。【譯文】他保證在辦公室里的所有機(jī)密數(shù)據(jù)處于安全狀態(tài)。【詳細(xì)解答】A 使確信，使有信心；B 確保（某事）發(fā)生，擔(dān)保；C 為投保，給保險(xiǎn)；D 安全的，沒(méi)有危險(xiǎn)的第27題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Parents often decide on the basis of what their children want. Cathy, a mother told us, “My children have packed lunches, because they say they hate school dinners. I make 3 packed lunch

35、es every morning, so our kitchen is like a sandwich bar in the morning.” However, another mother, Susan made her choice based on the nutritious value of the food. She said, “My daughter always has school dinners. I think she probably gets healthier food by having a cooked lunch at school than she wo

36、uld if I made a few sandwiches.”Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A、Katz thinks chips are good for his kids. B、Susans daughter likes eating sandwiches. C、Cathy may have at least three children. D、Jamie likes burgers and pizzas.【正確答案】C【答案解析】答案選C。細(xì)節(jié)查找并簡(jiǎn)單推斷題。從本段，特別是I make 3 packe

37、d lunches every morning可知Cathy有三個(gè)孩子在上學(xué)，有沒(méi)有不上學(xué)的孩子不得而知，故選項(xiàng)C為最佳選項(xiàng)。其他三項(xiàng)均與原文意思不符。第28題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】David Guterson and his wife teach their three children at home. Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in school: _. For example, when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it

38、may start a discussion or reading about climate, snow removal equipment, Alaska, polar bears （北極熊）, and winter tourism. A spring evening when the family is out watching the stars is a good time to ask questions about satellites and the space program. A、Some parents prefer teaching their children at

39、home because they do not believe that public schools teach the correct religious values. B、Learning starts with the childrens interests and questions. C、Interestingly, results show that home-schooled children quite often do better than average on national tests in reading and math. D、Critics also sa

40、y that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children.【正確答案】B【答案解析】此空要填的是home-schoolers與其他孩子學(xué)習(xí)的不同點(diǎn)，因此選B。第29題【單選題】【完成句子】Certainly there are millions who need to lose weight. But there are also millions who only imagine they need to. Compulsive and continuous dieting, not to mention eatin

41、g disorders, shows that some of us will do anything to reduce our bodies down to the currently desirable shape. But is being underweight really desirable?A great many people go on a diet to_. A、keep fit B、have a body shape that all people will admire C、prolong life span D、get ride of digestive syste

42、m diseases【正確答案】B【答案解析】本段文字指出，很多人為了達(dá)到當(dāng)前流行的體型（reduce our bodies down to the currently desirable shape）而不惜通過(guò)節(jié)食等方法減肥。因此選擇B。第30題【單選題】【2009.04】This is the first time that a woman has been_ to the post. A、granted B、praised C、pointed D、appointed【正確答案】D【答案解析】譯文：這是第一次任命一位婦女擔(dān)任此職位。試題分析：本題考查詞義辨析。詳細(xì)解答：A 允許、同意；B

43、表?yè)P(yáng)、贊揚(yáng)；C 指、指出；D 指定、任命、委任。第31題【單選題】【2009.10】So far scientists have only acquired _ understanding of the physical processes that cause earthquakes. A、a partial B、a changeable C、an original D、an individual【正確答案】A第32題【單選題】【2009.7】He would _ that all the classified data should be kept safe when in office.

44、 A、assure B、ensure C、insure D、secure【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞意義區(qū)分。【譯文】他保證在辦公室里的所有機(jī)密數(shù)據(jù)處于安全狀態(tài)?！驹敿?xì)解答】A 使確信，使有信心；B 確保（某事）發(fā)生，擔(dān)保；C 為投保，給保險(xiǎn)；D 安全的，沒(méi)有危險(xiǎn)的第33題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Norwich, the capital of the part of Britain known as East Anglia, has been in existence for more than two thousand years. It began as a small villa

45、ge beside the River Wensum.Q: The River Wensum flows by Norwich. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】A【答案解析】答案選A。答題依據(jù)在第二句，Norwich是River Wensum旁邊的一個(gè)小村莊，就說(shuō)明了River Wensum流經(jīng) Norwich。第34題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Roxaboxen is based on the true story of a group of children, growing up in the Arizona desert. There children c

46、an be a bit wild and much free, and they play outside from dawn to dusk. The children discover the make-believe（虛假的）town, built on the hill across from their neighborhood. The town, called Roxaboxen, becomes the center of their play as the children grow, but the story is not just about the time spen

47、t in Roxaboxen as young children. More than that, this book is about the way that imagination and secret places stay with us as we grow older and become a part of who we are. It is about the way that it helps us to grow into the adults that we become. What does the books name Roxaboxen refer to? A、A

48、 child. B、A library. C、A period of time. D、A place.【正確答案】D【答案解析】答案選D。查找細(xì)節(jié)題。短文本段中明顯一句話提到，The town, called Roxaboxen，所以指的是一個(gè)地方的名字。第35題【單選題】As soon as they adopted the new procedures, they were assured _ success. A、in B、of C、about D、for【正確答案】B【答案解析】be assured of：assure sb of sth的被動(dòng)式。第36題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】It w

49、as also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a sto

50、ry on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.An important influence in early ballet was_. A、Balanchine B、Marie Antoin

51、ette C、Diaghilev D、Louis XIV【正確答案】D【答案解析】答案選D。細(xì)節(jié)題。對(duì)照原文It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. 這里出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間1600s在原文中是比較早的，提到的人物是King Louis XIV，選D。第37題【單選題】【概括大意】They always complained（抱怨） more or less

52、justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways. They also blamed that their parents always have a final say. And the young felt that their parents do not trust their children to deal with crises. Besides, they dissatisfied too much murmurs of their parents about certain problems and th

53、e lack of sense of humor in dealing with the problems, at least in parents-children relationships.The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、The criticisms to their parents can be kept out of the young peoples mind in following ways. B、It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at ti

54、mes and to blame them for most of the misunderstanding between them. C、There are so many criticism to their parents among the young people. D、Young people have gotten enough reasons to criticize their parents.【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題段落中的各句列舉了年輕人都抱怨其父母些什么，談的是what are the criticisms?的問(wèn)題因此選擇C。第38題【單選題】【2010.04】

55、In order to follow fashions, the girl has to _ great discomforts. A、catch up with B、put up with C、keep up with D、fall in with【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查短語(yǔ)辨析?！咀g文】為了跟隨時(shí)尚，這個(gè)女孩不得不忍受極度地不舒適。put up with：忍受。catch up with：追上，趕上。keep up with：和.保持聯(lián)系。fall in with：偶然遇到，贊同。第39題【單選題】【2008.04】The government finally _ all the

56、 documents relating to the war. A、released B、specialized C、realized D、supposed【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞意義區(qū)分。A “公開(kāi)發(fā)表、公布或發(fā)布（新聞）” B 專門從事、專攻 C 意識(shí)到、領(lǐng)悟 D 假定、猜想。整句話的意思是：政府最終公布了與這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)有關(guān)的全部文件。第40題【單選題】【2009.10】Youd better leave things _ if you dont know how to deal with them. A、off B、out C、alone D、over【正確答案】C【答案解析】

57、【譯文】 如果你不知道如何處理這些事情，你最好把它們放在一邊?！驹囶}分析】本題考查詞意區(qū)分?！驹敿?xì)解答】 A 離開(kāi)，離去 B 不在里面，出局 C 單獨(dú)的（地） D 完結(jié)，翻倒，越過(guò)第41題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other

58、 compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP because the factors of production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both

59、 of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales taxes, property taxes, and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the fa

60、ctors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.Which of the following statements is true according to the paragraph? A、GNP equals national income plus indirect business taxes. B、GNP excludes both capital consumption allowa