初中英語構詞法大全（附初中英語基礎知識題100道練習附答案）

1、初中英語構詞法大全（附初中英語基礎知識題100道練習附答案）英語構詞方法主要有三種：即合成、派生和轉化。一.轉化英語單詞的詞性非常活躍，名詞用作動詞，動詞轉化為名詞， 形容詞用作動詞等現(xiàn)象非常普遍，這種把一種詞性用作另一種詞 性的方式就叫做詞性的轉化。閱讀中經常出現(xiàn)轉化詞，只要抓住 單詞的原始意思，結合句子成分，就容易弄清它們的引申義。1.動詞和名詞之間的相互轉化。有時意思變化不大，有時有 一定的變化。1）動詞轉化為名詞。如：Shall we go out for a drive next Sunday?下個星期天咱們出去驅車旅行，好嗎？句中的drive由動詞轉化為名詞（詞意引申為“驅車旅行”

2、）。I often go there for a walk.我經常去那里散步。（句中walk由動詞轉化為名詞）2）名詞轉化為動詞。如：Have you booked your ticket?你的票訂好了嗎？（句中book由名詞轉化為動詞，詞意引申為“訂購”）Hand me your knife, please.形容詞+名詞highway, blackboard, hotdog, greenhouse動詞+副詞get-together, break-down名詞+動名詞handwriting, storytelling副詞+名詞outbreak, overcoat動名詞+名詞dining roo

3、m, sleeping car, reading-room.合成副詞或代詞。如：maybe, forever, myself, wholeheartedly,however, everyone, something.有時一個名詞可以構成許多合成詞。如：handbag, handball, handwriting, hand-made初中英語基礎知識題100道練習附答案在單詞拼寫過程中，我們要注意以下四點:.名詞的單復數(shù)及復數(shù)名詞的變化規(guī)則。.動詞的原形、三單和過去式形式。.形容詞和副詞的比較等級。.基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的正確使用。10當然，基本的單詞拼寫不能出錯，不能多字母，不能少字母，字 母的順序

4、不能出錯，分清字母的大小寫。建議同學們做完題后再對照后面的答案My （學生）like me and I like them.Jim and David are my （同班同學）.These are my friends.（他彳、的）names are Han Mei and Wei Hua.Is Jim Kate s（兄弟）？Those are （香蕉）.These are（桔子）.These two （婦女） are my teachers.Is（每人）here today?Thats my bird,（它的） name is Polly.Whats this in English? It

5、s a （鐘）.That s not your classroom, it s（我彳門 的）.There are many （動物）over there.Whats in the（雙胞胎的）bedroom?Whats your （最喜歡的）colour?Are Tim and Tom in different（學校）？一Whats the time?Its a （亥U鐘）to seven.liAre there any（警察）in the room?His （衣服） are grey. What about yours?Can you count from one to a（百）?Whose

6、（女兒） are the girls? Mr Kings.There are many people in that（市場）Chinese is our first （語言）.The teachers say we must do morning（操）every day.Those young men are（士兵）.He （教） us English well, so our English is very good.Walking after supper is good for our（健 康）How much are the（西紅柿）？The Greens are going to L

7、ondon for their （假 日）.29. They are from Canada, so they are（力口拿 大人）.I want to buy a （字典）for my son.We must do our homework（仔名田）.Are you （渴）or hungry?Their（4、刀）are all old, I want a new one.Is that （建筑物）a hotel or a shop?There are many farmers in the（田士也）.12Good morning, （孩子），are we all here now?Toda

8、y is （星期二）,February 18th. Im on duty.r d like an （空的）box.How many（動物園）are there in that city?What （別的） can you see in the picture?My bike isnt （壞的），its OK.Put your（書本）away, Lily and Kate.Yon can eat the cakes if you are （餓）Do you want any（水果）？I have porridge and eggs for（早餐）.There are some（塊）of brea

9、d on the plate.Those boys are good at（游泳）.Don t （扔）the yo - yo like that.Michael Jordan is one of the best basketball（選 手）Are the boys （騎）bikes?Jim is （澆）the flowers.The shop in our school （關11） at 9 p. m.We have a class（會議）every week.To many people, the meaning of a name is （重要 的）.55. I dont want t

10、o go to Gansu, because the weather there13 is too （壞）.My grandpa often （講） us stories.You can give him your best（祝愿）.Be quiet, the students are （上）lessons.They are going to their（故鄉(xiāng)）next week.（或許）that man is a teacher; I think.Would you like to go for a（里子炊）with us tomorrow?r m very（累）,and I want to

11、 have a good rest.Beijing, Shanghai and Wuhan are all big（城市）.r m going to give my English teacher some（漂 亮的）flowers for Teachers Day.Beijing is very（遠）. We have to go there by air.Lets go （劃月首）on the river.The monkeys climb up the trees（決）.September is the （九）month of the year.Lets meet （在夕卜面）the s

12、chool gate.Which month is hotter,（十月）or September?We are going to have a party to（慶祝）TeachersThey are going shopping （一起）tomorrow.Who s（高），Lily or Lucy?14Who is the （年輕） in your class?Our teacher comes into the classroom（拿著）a book in his hand.I think his story is （有趣）of the three.You must wait at ho

13、me（直至U） he comes back.His door is closed, （沒有人）is in.The farmers（種） potatoes on this farm.Its not a truck but a（拖拉機）.How many （星星）can you see in the sky?Tom runs ?？欤﹖han Jim.John wants to（飼養(yǎng)）the animals on the farm,Of all the animals, tigers are the（危險）.Tomorrow we are going to learn the（十二） lesson.

14、一Shall we go to the（電影院）this afternoon?OK.一How many （嬰兒）deer are there?一Three.Please（給 看）me your new watch, I d like to have a look.Why dont we meet a little （早）？ Lets make it1:30.15Sheep and rabbits just eat （草）.Shall we go and see the clothes（表演）this evening.He says we must keep our eyes（I田）.Can y

15、ou show me the way to the （博物館）？My home is about three（公里）from our school.Youd better（說）it in English.r m sorry hes not at home at the（瞬間，片 刻）.I think its very hard to travel （環(huán)繞）the big city.There s a lake （在 內） the park.We cant help him, he has to ask a （女警察）for help.In a few _（月）time, it will be

16、covered with green things.答案：15:students, classmates, Their, brother, bananas6-10: oranges, women, everyone, its, clock11-15: ours, animals, twins, favourite, schools16-20: quarter, policemen, clothes, hundred, daughters2125: market, language, exercises, soldiers, teaches26 -30: health, tomatoes, ho

17、liday, Canadians, dictionary1631-35: carefully, thirsty, knives, building, field36-40: children, Tuesday, empty, zoos, else41-45: broken, books, hungry, fruit, breakfast46-50: pieces, swimming, throw, players, riding51-55: watering, closes, meeting, important, bad56-60: tells, wishes, having, hometo

18、wn, Maybe/Perhaps61-65: picnic, tired, cities, beautiful, far66-70: boating, quickly, ninth, outside, October71-75: celebrate, together, taller, youngest, with76-80: the most interesting, until/till, nobody, grow, tractor81-85: stars, faster, feed, most dangerous, twelfth86-90: cinema, baby, show, e

19、arlier, grass91-95: show, closed, museum, kilometres, say96-100: moment, around/round, inside, policewoman, months17請把你的刀子遞給我。（句中hand由名詞轉化為動詞，詞意引申為“傳遞”）.少部分形容詞轉化為動詞。The train slowed down to half its speed.火車速度減慢了一半。（句中slow由形容詞轉化為動詞，詞意引申為“減速”）Dont dirty your clothes.別把你的衣服弄臟了。（句中dirty由形容詞轉化為動詞，詞意引申為“

20、弄臟”）.形容詞和名詞之間的相互轉化。The poor were not allowed to go into this p ark those days.那個時候，窮人是不允許進入這個公園的。（句中poor由形容詞轉化為名詞，詞意引申為“窮人”）They took the sick to hospital yesterday.昨天他們把那個病人送進了醫(yī)院。（句中sick由形容詞轉化為名詞，詞意引申為“病人”）.有些詞可以詞形不變，只因重音變化而發(fā)生詞類轉化，有 時詞義也可能變化。如：record rekoH v. I己錄 record r Ikoxd n. t己錄.有些詞詞形不變，只因詞尾的

21、清濁音變化而發(fā)生詞類轉化, 有時詞形也可以變化。如：excuse ks !kju：z v.原諒 excuse ks !k ju：s n.原識use ju：z v.用 use ju：s n.用派生詞是在一個單詞前面加前綴或后面加后綴構成新詞。如:happy一unhappy （加前綴 un-）happy一happily （加后綴 Ty）.通過加前綴構成另一個詞。前綴一般不造成詞類的轉換，但能引起詞義的變化。前綴中有相當一部分可構成反義詞。常用的前綴有:、乙 刖綴意義例詞dis-不，相反的dislike, disappear, dishonest1m-不impossible, impolitemis

22、-錯誤的misuse, misunderstand, mistrustre-重新，再次rewrite, retellsuper-超級，上層supermarket, superman3tele-遠telephone, telegram, televisionun-不unfair, unusual, unable, unlikeunder-卜而的underground, undergraduate個別前綴也可以引起詞類的變化，如：en-可以和名詞或形容詞構成動詞：enlarge （擴大），enable（使能夠），encourage （鼓勵）；a-可以和名詞構成形容詞：asleep （睡著的）；ou

23、t-可以和一些動詞構成名詞：outcome （結果），outlet（出 口），outlook （觀點）。.通過加后綴構成另一個詞。后綴不僅能改變詞義，也能改變詞類。1）常用的構成名詞的后綴:后綴意義例詞-er人，動作者worker, singer, recorder, teacher-or人，動作者actor, visitor, editor-1人，主義chemist, dentist, scient4st者ist,-ess女性actress, waitress-hood身份，狀態(tài)childhood, boyhood-ment行為，動作，結果government, movement, deve

24、lopment-ness狀態(tài)，性質illness, happiness-1on動作，狀態(tài)discussion, decision, organization-th狀態(tài)length, wealth, truth-ese人Japanese, Chinese*-1an人American, musician, historian-ship狀態(tài)friendship, membership2）常用的構成動詞的后綴:無綴意義例詞en動詞詞尾widen, strengthen, darken,fy動詞詞尾beautify3）常用的構成副詞的后綴:后綴意義例詞-ly副詞詞尾slowly, happily, simply-ward(s)副詞詞尾eastward(s), backward(s)4）常用的構成形容詞的后綴:后效意義例詞able的agreeable, payable, readablean的European, American, Canadianal的political, musical由woolen, golden6en制成ed的blue-eyedful充滿的careful, painful, hopefulish的foolish, Swedishless沒有的careless, homeless, endlessly充滿，性質friendly