現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞課件

1、(最新整理)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞2021/7/261現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞2021/7/262非謂語動詞12021/7/26 什么是非謂 語動詞啊？ “非謂語非謂語”,就是不是謂語的動詞唄!那不是謂語是什么呢？。2021/7/264一、 非謂語使用條件一個句子當中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.2021/7/265英語一句話只能有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)如果出現(xiàn)更多動詞： 加連詞（

2、and / but / so） 放入從句 變?yōu)榉侵^語動詞 例如：9. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited2021/7/266二、非謂語動詞的表現(xiàn)形式有：動名詞 （doing）(Participles)(Gerund)(Infinitive)不定式 （to do）過去分詞 （done）現(xiàn)在分詞 （doing）2021/7/267動名詞 (doing) 起名詞作用 不定式 (to do) 起名詞、

3、形容詞和副詞作用 分 詞 (doing/done) 起形容詞和副詞作用三、非謂語動詞的詞法特點2021/7/268主語表語賓語補語定語狀語不定式現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞動名詞組成介詞短語四、非謂語動詞充當?shù)某煞?2021/7/269分詞現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞.充當成分:賓語補足語,表語, 定語, 狀語.2021/7/2610分詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞2021/7/2611(1).現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化.其時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化形式與動名詞相同.時態(tài)語態(tài)主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)一般式 doingbeing done 完成式 having donehaving been done 2021/

4、7/2612（一）現(xiàn)在分詞2021/7/2613(2)、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能具有形容詞和副詞的特征,可充當成分:表語 定語,賓語補足語, 狀語2021/7/26141. 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語起形容詞作用,說明主語的特征及主語所具備的動作功能。常譯為”使(令) 怎樣?！?如:The news is very disappointing.His story is very moving.(Encouraging, inspiring, exciting, interesting.)2021/7/26152. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語（注意：P662-P664）現(xiàn)在分詞作定語, 表示主動意義,它與所修飾

5、的名詞構(gòu)成 主謂關(guān)系,通?？筛臑槎ㄕZ從句。它從以下兩方面來說明中心詞。 A.表示動作正在進行 Dont wake up the sleeping boy.= Dont wake up the boy who is sleepingI don t know the man writing something over there.=I don t know the man who is writing something over there.2021/7/2616The girl who is sitting in the corner is adorable.We visited a tem

6、ple which was built 200 years ago. B. 后置定語相當于省略的定語從句2021/7/2617 The vegetables which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals. 27The houses which are being built are for the survivors in the quake.2021/7/26183.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，說明賓語是動作的執(zhí)行者，形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；A.作感官動詞的賓補, 如: see, look at ,watch, not

7、ice, find, observe, listen to, hear, smell taste, feel 表示正在進行的意義We found them reading in the classroom.2021/7/26194. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語 現(xiàn)在分詞可在句中作時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果, 讓步、伴隨或方式等狀語。B. 作使役動詞的賓補, 如: have, get, keep , send, leave, catch表示”使進行/處于(某種狀態(tài))” ,強調(diào)動作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)性.The two girls had the light burning all night long. 2021/7/

8、26201)作時間狀語, 可以表示三個時間概念A(yù).表示和謂語動作同時發(fā)生,相當于 “as soon as” 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句Hearing the good news, he jumped up with joy. = As soon as he heard the good news, he = On hearing the good news, he 2021/7/2621B.謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在分詞動作的過程中,表示”在做某事期間”相當于由when/while 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。Walking in the street, I came across an old friend.=

9、When/While I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend.2021/7/2622 C.如果分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前,分詞就要用完成時。如:Having done his homework, the boy went out to play.Having written his composition, he began to do his Maths homework.2)作原因狀語,相當于由because/as 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。 2021/7/2623A.和謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生Being ill, he

10、didnt go to school.=Because/As he was ill, he didnt go Not knowing what to do next, he went to his teacher for advice.= Because/As he didnt know what to do next, he went to 2021/7/2624B.如果分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前,分詞就要用完成時。 Having seen the film many times, he didnt go to see it last night.3)作條件狀語,相當于由 if 引導(dǎo)的條件

11、狀語從句 Using your head, you will find a way.=If you use your head, you will find 2021/7/26254)作讓步狀語,相當于由 although/though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句Getting up early, he was late for the meeting.= Although/Though he got up early, he was late for the meeting.2021/7/26265)作伴隨狀語(方式狀語),表示同謂語的動作同時發(fā)生,相當于由并列連詞連接的兩個并列動作。They sa

12、t there on the stone, talking with each other.=They sat there on the stone and talked with each other.2021/7/26276)作結(jié)果狀語,現(xiàn)在分詞的動作同謂語動詞的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生。The mother died, leaving five children behind. 注意： 現(xiàn)在分詞無論作何種狀語, 它的邏輯主語必須是句子的主語2021/7/2628但在一些表示說話者態(tài)度的固定表達方式中, 分詞短語的邏輯主語和句子的主語是不一致的。這種結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有:（P674）1)generally

13、/strickly/+speaking2)Judging from/talking of/allowing for.（考慮到。）3) Considering that /seeing that /supposing that2021/7/2629注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的幾個特性。時間性。與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，用一般時，如發(fā)生在謂語動作之前時則用完成式having done。語態(tài)性。與句子的主語之間的關(guān)系，是主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系。人稱一致性。分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。2021/7/2630分詞構(gòu)句2021/7/26311. _ the program, they have to stay ther

14、e for another two weeks. A. Not having completing B. Not completedC. Not completing D. Not having completed Practice2021/7/26322The storm left , _a lot of damage to this area . Acaused Bto have caused Cto cause Dhaving caused2021/7/2633（二）過去分詞2021/7/2634(1).過去分詞的語法形式過去分詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化,也沒有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。(done)(2

15、)、過去分詞的句法功能具有形容詞和副詞的特征,可充當成分:表語 定語,賓語補足語, 狀語2021/7/26351.過去分詞作表語過去分詞作表語,相當于一個形容詞,說明主語的狀態(tài)。如，The glass is broken.He was lost in thought.They were deeply moved.2021/7/2636 注意:被動結(jié)構(gòu)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式都是be+過去分詞。 這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的主要區(qū)別是:被動語態(tài)強調(diào)所發(fā)生的動作,而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示的是主語的特點或狀態(tài)。The cup was broken by my little brother.(被動結(jié)構(gòu))The cup

16、is broken.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))2021/7/26372.過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語, 它的邏輯主語就是它所修飾的詞,有以下三個特點 : A.及物動詞的過去分詞作定語和它的邏輯主語的關(guān)系是被動的。所表示的時間概念是完成。 The building built last year can hold 1,000 people= The building that was built last year can 2021/7/2638B.不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語只表示動作的完成。與它所修飾的名詞沒有被動關(guān)系。fallen leaves=leaves that have fallen a reti

17、red worker=a worker who has retiredthe risen sun=the sun that has risen 2021/7/2639C.有些表示心理活動的過去分詞作定語,表面是修飾它后面的名詞,但實質(zhì)是說明當事者的心理狀態(tài)。所以過去分詞與它所修飾的名詞沒有被動關(guān)系。The surprised look showed that he hadnt expected this.= (He was surprised and his look showed his surprise)2021/7/26403. 過去分詞作賓補過去分詞作賓補,過去分詞和賓語的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)

18、系,說明賓語的狀態(tài),表示動作的完成。常用來作感官動詞 如: see, look at ,watch, notice, find, observe, listen to, hear, smell taste, feel和使役動詞如: have, get, keep , send, leave, catch的賓補2021/7/2641When I walked home, I saw a man caught by the police.As soon as he returned home, he found his house broken into.He kept himself cover

19、ed with a blanket.2021/7/26424. 過去分詞作狀語過去分詞可在句中作時間、條件、原因、讓步,方式或伴隨情況等狀語。過去分詞無論作何種狀語, 它的邏輯主語必須是句子的主語, 而且存在著邏輯上的被動關(guān)系.2021/7/26431)做時間或條件狀語,通常放在句首。Seen from the top of the hill, the town looks even more beautiful.=If the town is seen from the top of the hill, the town = When the town is seen from the to

20、p of the hill, the town 2021/7/26442) 作原因狀語Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.=As/Because they were deeply moved by the story, the children.3)作讓步狀語Seriously wounded, he still kept on fighting.=Although/Though he was seriously wounded, he still kept. 2021/7/26454)作方式或伴隨情況狀語She walke

21、d out of the house, followed by her little daughter.=She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.He sat there, lost in thought.= He sat there, and was lost in thought.2021/7/2646 _ more attention, the tree could have grown better. （條件狀語）A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Havin

22、g given.2.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century（定語） A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. writtenPractice2021/7/2647Discussion1. Follow/ follow by/ follow with/ following小鴨子跟著鴨媽媽到處走。The duckling _ its mother everywhere.閃電過后緊接著是

23、響雷。The lightning was quickly _ heavy thunder.這是繼工會領(lǐng)袖遭謀殺后引發(fā)的示威游行。These are the demonstrations _ the murder of the union leader.2021/7/26482. Do you know the man _ money?A. having lostB. who has lostC. lostD. losing2021/7/2649非謂語動詞綜合分析2021/7/2650一.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（Independent Genitive）非謂語動詞作狀語，其邏輯主語須與主句主語保持一致；若

24、不一致，非謂語動詞形式須另帶主語，從而構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的形式作狀語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為“獨立結(jié)構(gòu)”；其中，非謂語動詞主動用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動用過去分詞。2021/7/2651 falling here and there, I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon. completed, well have a global traveling. LeavesTask2021/7/2652獨立主格的構(gòu)成(P674-679)基本形式：1. 邏輯主語 + -ed/-ing形式：2.邏輯主語 +不定式/ 名詞：3.邏輯主語 +介詞短語; 4.邏輯主語 +形容詞; 5.邏輯主

25、語 +副詞;2021/7/2653Examples1. 邏輯主語+現(xiàn)在分詞： 表示主動關(guān)系。如：Time permitting(= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.2.邏輯主語 +過去分詞邏輯主語與過去分詞之間是被動關(guān)系。如：The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 隨著問題的解決，質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。2021/7/26543.邏輯主語 +不定式邏輯主語與不定式之間是主動關(guān)系，且強調(diào)的是一次具體性的動作。

26、如：He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些舊零件，他要做一個飛機模型。4.邏輯主語 +介詞短語如：The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿著書去教室。2021/7/26555.邏輯主語 +形容詞如：So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 這么多人缺席，會議不得不取消。6.邏輯主語 +副詞如：The meeting over, they all went home. 會議一

27、結(jié)束，他們就都回家了。2021/7/2656其他形式1. with /without 引導(dǎo)的獨立主格 (P677)形式為: with /without + n. + -ed/-ing2. There being +其他成分如：There being nothing else to do, we went home. 沒有別的事可做，我們就回家了。3. It being +其他成分如：It being Christmas, all the shops were shut.2021/7/2657獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于描繪性文字中，其作用相當于一個狀語從句，常用來表示時間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等。1. 用作時間狀語The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作