2022年冠詞和數(shù)詞及練習(xí)

1、學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考本資料來源于七彩教育網(wǎng) 第三章 冠詞和數(shù)詞 冠詞是一種輔助性的詞，不可在句中獨(dú)立擔(dān)任一個(gè)成分。放在名詞前，幫助說明名詞的含義，使用極為頻繁。冠詞有不定冠詞（ a, an） 和定冠詞（ the）兩種。 a 和 an 的基本含義是“ 一，一個(gè)”，表示泛指，不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目，只表示名詞不是特定的；the 的基本含義是“ 這個(gè)，那個(gè)” ，表示特指，在可數(shù)的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前面都可以用。冠詞本身是虛詞，沒有意義，同時(shí)也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義 數(shù)詞可分為 基數(shù)詞（ Cardinal Numbers ）和序數(shù)詞（ Ordinal Numbers ）兩種。前

2、者表 示數(shù)量，后者表示順序。高考重點(diǎn)要求：一、冠詞1、不定冠詞、定冠詞和零冠詞的基本用法 2、不定冠詞和定冠詞的位置 3、冠詞常見的習(xí)慣搭配用法 二、數(shù)詞1、掌握基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞構(gòu)成 2、掌握基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞的基本用法 3、基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞在表示倍數(shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、年、月、日等的基本用法第一節(jié) 知識點(diǎn)概述一 、 冠 詞（一） 不定冠詞 不定冠詞用 a 還是 an 由后面一個(gè)詞的首音決定。以元音開頭的詞前用 an，以輔音（包 括半元音， 不是元音字母 ）開頭的詞前用 a。例如：輔音字母或半元音開頭：a tree, a university, a house, a European country, a on

3、e-eyed man 元音或半元音開頭：an apple, an umbrella, an hour, an elephant, an opera 值得注意的是：1如果不定冠詞后面第一個(gè)詞以輔音音素開頭就用a。例如 university, useless, useful, unit, uniform; 以元音音素開頭用 an .例如 :an uncle , an apple 。2如果不定冠詞后面第一個(gè)詞以不發(fā)音的 素，就用 an。例如 hour, honest。h 開頭，而 h 后面第一個(gè)音的音素是元音因3如果不定冠詞和名詞之間有其他詞，不定冠詞的形式仍取決于它后面第一個(gè)詞的語 音形式。例如

4、a rich uncle , a beautiful actress 。不定冠詞的用法如下：1用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示一類人或事物，如：A dictionary is a useful book. An underground train can start and stop quickly. 2說明某人或某東西屬于哪一類，如：This is a book. He used to be an engineer. 學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考3泛指某人或某物，但未具體說明何人、何物，如：A boy is waiting for me. Give me a pen, please. 4表示

5、數(shù)量，有“ 一” 的意思，如：Behind the house there is a garden. once a week. 5用于某些固定詞組中，如：a few, a little, a lot of, a number of, just a minute, in a hurry, for a while, for a long time, a cup of, a bottle of, have a rest, have a talk, have a fever, have a good time, have(take) a walk, have a toothache, take a b

6、ath, give a lesson （二）定冠詞定冠詞的用法如下：1指彼此都知道的人或事物，如：Open the door, please. Go and close the window. 2特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，如：The girl in red is my sister. The man over there is our English teacher. The book on the desk is mine. 3指前面提到過的人或事物，如：Here is a picture of a modern car factory. My father works in the f

7、actory. 4用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前 ,以及在方位詞前。如：The Nile is the longest river in the world. He won the first prize. The sun rises in the east. 5用在某些名詞化的形容詞或過去分詞前，表示一類人或事物，如：the rich, the sick, the new , the false, the wounded 6用在某些專用名詞前，如：the Great Wall the People s Republic of China the United Nations the Nether

8、lands 7在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱的前面，如：the North China Plain the Rocky Mountains the Yangtse River 8在一些用語中，如：in the morning(/afternoon/evening), in the day, by the way, on the whole, the next morning, all the year around, the other day, at the same time （三）不用冠詞的情況學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考1在不含普通名詞或某些專有名詞如表示人名 , 地名，

9、機(jī)構(gòu)等China, Beihai Park 2名詞前面已有用作定語的this, that, my, your, some, any 等代詞前，如：The letter is from my father. I have a book in my hand. 3在復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)，如：Horses are useful animals. I like cakes. 4在節(jié)日名稱、星期、月份、季節(jié)前。如：Today is Sunday. Spring is the best season in the year. Childrenay s D5在某些固定搭配和習(xí)慣用語中，如：go to

10、school , be in hospital, be in prison 6一天三餐，球類運(yùn)動的名稱前，如 : I like to play basketball. We have lunch at school. 二 、 數(shù) 詞（一） 數(shù)詞的詞形（1）在 1-12 中， 1-12 為基數(shù)詞中的數(shù)詞；序數(shù)詞1-3 為特殊變化，序數(shù)詞4-12 在基數(shù)詞詞尾加 -th。注意 fifth ( 第五 )；ninth ( 第九 )和 twelfth ( 第十二 )的特殊拼寫 。（2）在 13-19 中， 13-19 基數(shù)詞在數(shù)詞3-9 后加 -teen 構(gòu)成。其中13 和 15 發(fā)生拼寫變s 化 ：t

11、hirteen 和 fifteen ，相應(yīng)序數(shù)詞在基數(shù)詞后加-th 構(gòu)成。13-19 歲的少年用teens (in oneteens 在某人十多歲時(shí))。（3）在 20-90 整十位數(shù)，在基數(shù)詞2-9 之后加 -ty 構(gòu)成。其中20、30、40、50 拼法特殊。在構(gòu)成相應(yīng)的序數(shù)詞時(shí)，將詞尾y 變 i，再加 -eth。表示二十多歲等用twenty 等的復(fù)數(shù)twenties (in ones twenties 在某人二十多歲時(shí))。（4）兩位數(shù)之間的數(shù)，由十位數(shù)加個(gè)位數(shù)構(gòu)成，中間用連字符。構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞時(shí)，連字 符前為基數(shù)詞，后為序數(shù)詞。如：二十五 twenty-five; 第九十九 ninety-nin

12、th. （5）100 以上數(shù)詞 ,整百位數(shù)由 1-9 加 hundred 構(gòu)成，序數(shù)詞在詞尾加-th；整千位數(shù)由1-9 加 thousand 構(gòu)成，序數(shù)詞在詞尾加-th。在百位和個(gè)位之間須加 and,如：141 one hundred and forty-one ；1201 one thousand two hundred and one ，構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞只將最后一個(gè)數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。（二）使用基數(shù)詞的情況（1）念數(shù) (o 念作 /o /或 zero) （2）電話號碼（ 62083338）（3）事物表示編號順序(名詞在前，如：Room 303; World War Two) （4）貨幣(100 dol

13、lars) （5）度量(50 kilos) （6）小數(shù)(2.5 meters) （三）使用序數(shù)詞的情況（1）第幾（2）月份后的號 (August 5th) 學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考（3）事物表示順序(名詞在后，如：the fiftieth page; the Second World War) （四）分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)、百分比、倍數(shù)、四則運(yùn)算的表示方法類別說明例詞或例句分 數(shù)分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)1/2 讀作a (one) half 1/3 讀作a (one) third 1/4 讀作 a (one) quarter 或 a (one) fourth 詞，分子大于1，分母的序數(shù)4/5 讀

14、作 four fifths 詞用復(fù)數(shù)。4 2/3 讀作 four and two thirds Two thirds of the earth surface is covered by water. （地球表面的三分之二覆蓋著水）小 數(shù)小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作point。小數(shù)點(diǎn)后面0.7 讀作 zero point seven 各數(shù)都按個(gè)位基數(shù)詞讀；小數(shù)點(diǎn)前面仍按基數(shù)詞讀。零讀作25.25 讀作 twenty-five point two five o 或 zero. 2% 讀作 two percent 百 分 比百分比由基數(shù)詞 +percent 組成44% 讀作 forty-four percent 1

15、00% 讀作 one hundred percent （ % ）More than 25 percent of the surface of the ground is covered with grass. 百分之二十五以上的地面被草覆蓋著。則 運(yùn) 算倍 數(shù)(1)倍數(shù) +as+形(副)原級 +as This room is three times as large as that one . This room is two times larger than that one. (2)倍數(shù) +形 (副 )比較級 +than This room is three times the size

16、 of that one . (3)倍 數(shù) + the size(length , 注意：上述三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的意義是相同的。加、減、乘、除 四height , width , etc .)+ of 漢譯表達(dá)：(表示大小或數(shù)量的名詞) 這間房是那間房的三倍大。用基數(shù)詞表示 加號用 plus / and 減號用 minus 乘號用 times 除號用 divided by 9+8=17， 讀作Nine plus (and) eight is seventeen. 11-5=6 ， 讀作 Eleven minus five is six. 65=30， 讀作Six times five is thirty

17、. 357=5， 讀作Thirty-five divided by seven is five. 第二節(jié)實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一 、 復(fù) 習(xí) 時(shí) 需 注 意 的 要 點(diǎn)1、如兩個(gè)形容詞都有冠詞，表示兩個(gè)不同東西。例如： My grandpa raises a black and a white dog.我爺爺養(yǎng)了一只黑狗和一只白狗。The black and the white dogs are his. 這只黑狗和白狗都是他的。2、如后一個(gè)形容詞無冠詞，則指一物。例如： My grandpa raises a black and white dog.他養(yǎng)了一只黑白花狗。3、several 或基數(shù)詞修飾hu

18、ndred, thousand, million 表示計(jì)數(shù)時(shí) ,一般不用復(fù)數(shù)形式. 例如 :several hundred students watched the match. 學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考4、dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, millions of, tens of thousands of, hundreds of thousands of, tens of millions of等結(jié)構(gòu)可用來表示不確定的數(shù)量. 例如： Hundreds of thousands of people are going to watch the

19、fireworks in the Central Park. She bought dozens of eggs last week. 二 、 歷 屆 高 考 試 題 分 析例 1、I earn 10 dollars_ hour as _ supermarket cashier on Saturdays. A. a.an B. the.a C. an.a D. an.the 答案為 C?！窘馕觥縣our 以元音開頭，前面加不定冠詞an，an hour“ 每小時(shí)” ；a 表示“ 一個(gè)”，放在 supermarket cashier 前面表示類指，說明屬哪類人。譯文：星期六我作為超市出納員每小時(shí)掙

20、 10 美元。 a/an 的用法規(guī)則：以元音音素開頭的單詞前用 詞前用 a。an，以輔音音素開頭的單例 2、One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain_ good knowledge of basic word formation. A. / B. the C. a D. one 答案為 C?！窘馕觥縦nowledge 是不可數(shù)名詞，當(dāng)被某些修飾語修飾時(shí)，前面要加不定冠詞，如：He has a very good knowledge of English. 他在英語方面有豐富的知識。例 3、Alexander Graham B

21、ell invented _telephone in 1876. A. / B. a C. the D. one 答案為 C ?！窘馕觥縯he+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)表示一類泛指。例 4、The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have _ third one because _ second one is rather too small. A. a a B. the the C. a the D. the a答案為 C?！窘馕觥孔⒁庑驍?shù)詞前面的冠詞的用法：當(dāng)序數(shù)詞表示順序時(shí)用定冠詞 the；表示再來一次使用不定冠詞 a (an)。從句子的意思可知，third one

22、 表示再吃一個(gè)， 所以填 a；second one表示所吃的第二個(gè)，所以填 the。這句話的意思是：蛋糕很好吃。他想再吃一個(gè)，因?yàn)樗缘牡诙€(gè)太小了。例 5、A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _leg. A. a B. one C. the D. his 答案為 C?！窘馕觥總澳橙四巢课换蚺摹⒋?、拉某人某部位要用句式wound/bit/beat/pat/take+sb+介詞 +the+部分。譯文：子彈擊中了戰(zhàn)士，他的腿受了傷。例 6、_people in the world are sending information by em

23、ail every day. A. Several million B. Many million C. Several millions D. Many million 學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考 答案為 A ?！窘馕觥?在 million ，hundred 等前如果有具體數(shù)字或several 等詞時(shí)，要用單數(shù)形式。 many一般不與 million 等詞連用。在表示不確切數(shù)目時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：表示“ 數(shù)百萬”，英語為millions of 。譯文：每天，世界上有百十萬人通過 email 傳遞信息。例 7、_ of the land in that district _covered

24、 with trees and grass. A. Two fifth.is B. Two fifth.are C. Two fifths.is D. Two fifths.are 答案為 C?！窘馕觥糠?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。如果分子大于 1，序數(shù)詞后加 -s。分 數(shù)和百分比作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞的形式取決于分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)后的名詞。句子中的主語 land 是單數(shù)，所以謂語動詞要用 is covered。例 8、Paper produced every year is _ the worlds production of vehicles. A. the three times weig

25、ht of C. as three times heavy as 答案為 B。B. three times the weight of D. three times as heavier as 【解析】表示倍數(shù)的詞數(shù)放在the weight of 前，意思是“ 重量的幾倍”。例 9、 An accident happened at_ crossroads a few metres away from_ bank. A. a a B. / a C. / the D. the / 答案為 A 。【解析】at a crossroads表示“ 在十字路口”，crossroads“ 十字路口” 是復(fù)數(shù)形

26、式單數(shù)用法； bank 是可數(shù)名詞，不能單獨(dú)使用 (要加冠詞或復(fù)數(shù) )，又非特指，不能用 the。此處是泛指，前面要用不定冠詞 a。例 10、Smith _ me to buy several _ eggs for the dinner A 、asked dozen B、suggested dozens of C、had dozen D、persuaded dozens of 答案為 A ?！窘馕觥俊?dozen +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ” 前除了用具體數(shù)詞修飾外，還可以用several, many 修飾，如several dozen people, many dozen students 等， doze

27、n 不加 s。第三節(jié) 鞏固練習(xí)1. It takes us _ hour or more to go to my hometown by _ train. A. an aB. a anC. an /D. a / 學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考2. They had _wonderful train ride to Chengdu before they went on to _Mount Emei by bus. A. a the B. / the C. a / D. the a 3. For a long time they walked without saying _ word.

28、Jim was the first to break _ silence. A. the.a B. a.the C. a./ D. the./ 4. By the way, have you got _ E-mail address? Oh, yes, its cthsc .C. aD. / A. theB. an5. _ book on the desk is _ useful one. A. The.anB.A.aC. The.aD. The./ 6 My good friend Liqing studies at _ Middle School. A. 18 B. the 18 C. 1

29、8th No. D. No.18 7. What date is it? It s _.A. the April thirteenth B. the thirteenth of April C. thirteenth April D. April thirteen 8. His uncle has lived at _ for ten years. A. No.103 Xinhua Street B. 103 Xinhua Street C. Xinhua Street 103 D. Xinhua Street No.103 9. Please wait here. Ill be back i

30、n _ hours.A. two and half a B. two and a half C. half and two D. two a half. 10. When you come here for your holiday next time, don bed in my flat. _ hotel. I can find you _ A. the.a B. the./ C. a.the D. a./ 11.China is _ larger than the United States. A. one six B. one sixth C. one sixes D. a sixth

31、s 12.Two _ died of cold last winter. A. hundreds old people B. hundreds old peoples C. hundred old people D. hundred old peoples 13. 999 reads nine hundred _. 學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考A. and ninety ninth B. and ninety-nine C. ninety and nine D. and nine nine 14.Our teacher told us to write a _ composition.

32、 A. two-thousand-word B. two-thousand-words C. two thousands words D. two-thousands-word 15.Henry is _ tallest in their class. A. three B. the three C. third D. the third 16. Would you like to try _ time? A. two B. second C. a two D. a second 17. When spring comes, _ trees are planted in our city. A

33、. millions of B. a million of C. two millions D. million of 18. The number of the girls in our school _ more than six _. A. are.hundreds B. is.hundred C. are.hundred D. is.hundred 19. _ is a happy time for _. A. Chinese New Year childrenB. The Chinese New Year childrenC. Chinese New Year the childre

34、nD. The Chinese New Year the children20. In _ Marx began to learn Russian. A. a 1870 B. the 1870 C. the 1870sD. his 1870 21. Most English people have _ names: _ name, a middle name and the family name. A. three.first B. three.a first C. the three.the first D. the third.one first 22. _ of the worlds

35、books and newspapers are written in English.A. Three quarter B. Three of quarters C. Third fourths D. Three fourths 23.Today were going to learn the _ lesson.A. twenty B. 20 C. twentieth D. twentyth 24. How deep is the hole? It is _. A. four metre deep B. four metres deep C. four-metre deep D. four-

36、metres-deep 25. _ books must be produced for the children. A. Many thousands B. Many thousands of C. Many thousand of D. Many thousand 26.There are _ days in June and _ day is Childrens Day.A. thirteen, first B. thirty.the second C. thirty.the first D. thirteen.the first 學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考27. When y

37、ou finish reading the book, you will have _ better understanding of _life. A. a.the B. the.a C. /.the D. a./ 28. I heard that as many as 4,000 people were killed in 9.11 Horror Attack. Yes, _ news came as _ shock to us. A. the.the B. the.a C. /./ D. /.a 29. _ _ on-going division between English-spea

38、king Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _ major concern of the country. A. The./ B. The.a C. An.the D. An./ 30. I spoke to younger Mr. Hamilton, not Hamilton manager.A. / the B. the / C. the the D. / /31. Theres _ dictionary on _ desk by your side. A. a.the B. a.a C. the.a D. the.the 32. Whe

39、re is my blue shirt? Its in the washing machine. You have to wear _different one. A. any B. the C. a D. other 33. I dont like talking on _ telephone, I prefer writing _letters. A. a.the B. the./ C. the.the D. a./ 34. Mr. Smith, theres a man at _ front door who says he has _news for you of great impo

40、rtance. A. the / B. the.the C./ / D./ the 35. Summers in _south of France are for _most part dry and sunny. A. / a B. the / C. / / D. the.the 36. He got hurt in a traffic accident _ other day. Now he has been in _ hospital for a week. A. the, / B. the, the C. /, / D. /, the 37. Mark wished for _ res

41、t after having _ hard time at school. A. a a B. the the C. a the D. a / 38. _school usually begins in _September , when the weather is still warm . A. / / B. The / C. The the D. A /39. We stood at the top of the mountain _ east of the city, watching _ burning sun 學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考rising. A. / a B. the a C. the the D. / the 40. Put _ waste bag in the dustbin. It s not _ waste bag. Its my shopping bag.A. a a B. the t he C. the a D. a the 41. His car suddenly got burnt in _crossroads a few metres away from _ grocery. A. / the B. a a C. the a D. a one42. What do you think of the