新視野第三版第二冊全教案打印版

1、Unit1LanguageinmissionDetailed study of the text 1. If I am the only parent who still corrects his childs English, then perhaps my son is right. To him, I am a tedious oddity: a father he is obliged to listen to and a man absorbed in the rules of grammar, which my son seems allergic to. (Para. 1) Me

2、aning: My son is probably right if there is no other parent like me who still corrects his childs mistake in English. To my son, I am a boring and strange father, who he has to listen to I am also the one who pays lots of attention to grammar rules, which he doesnt seem to like. tedious: a. boring a

3、nd continuing for too long 冗長乏味的 Telling the story has become tedious, as I have done it so many times. 講述這個故事已變得單調(diào)乏味，因為我已經(jīng)講了這么多次了。oddity:n.Castrangeorunusualpersonorthing怪人；怪物；奇特的東西Withhisneatsuitson,hefeltlikeanodditywalkinginthispoorneighborhood.穿著必聽的西裝走在這個貧民窟里，他覺得自己就像個怪物。be/feelobligedtodosth.:

4、ifyouareobligedtodosth.,youhavetodoitbecausethesituation,thelaw,aduty,etc.makesitnecessary(因形式、法律、義務等關系而)非做不可，迫使IthinkValentinesDayisawasteoftime,butIstillfeelobligedtosendmywifeacard.absorbed:a.sointerestedorinvolvedinsth.thatyoudonotnoticeanythingelse極感興趣的；全神貫注的；專注的。Timepassesquicklywhenyouareabso

5、rbedinreadingagoodbook.在聚精會神地讀一本好書的時候，時間過得非?？?。allergic:a.1)(betosth.)(infml)ifyouareallergictosth.,youdonotlikeitandtrytoavoidit.不喜歡某事，對某事反感Mostmenareallergictohousework.大多數(shù)男人都不喜歡做家務。2)havinganallergy過敏的IdonotenjoypicnicsbecauseIamallergictograss.我不喜歡野餐，因為我對草過敏。2.IthinkIgotseriousaboutthisonlyrecent

6、lywhenIranintooneofmyformerstudents,fresh fromanexcursiontoEurope(para.2)Meaning:IthinkIstartedtopayattentiontootherpeoplesusageofgrammaronlylately,whenI happenedtomeetoneofmyformer students,whohadjustreturnedfromashort journeytoEuropeget/beseriousabout:ifyouareseriousaboutsth.,youreallymeanitandare

7、notjokingorpretending對是認真的；并非開玩笑的Whenyouarestayingwithyourroommates,youcannotgettooseriousaboutprivacy.你和你的室友相處的時候，不能太計較隱私。runintosb.:(infml.)meetsb.bychance偶然遇見某人Youforgotallaboutyourcousinsbirthdayuntilyousuddenlyranintohertoday.要不是你今天偶然遇見了你表姐，你已全然忘記了她的生日。freshfrom:havingjustcomefromaparticularpla

8、ceorexperience剛從.來的；Schoolprincipalsshouldnotexpectteachers,freshfromcollege,todealwithalargegroupofdifficultchildren.學校的校長不應該指望剛從大學畢業(yè)的老師來應付一大群難以對付的孩子。excursion:n.Cashortjourneyyoutakeforpleasure短途出行；遠足Itwassuchawonderfuldaythattheydecidetotakeadayexcursiontothemountain.這么好的天氣，他們決定去山上一日游。3.“Howwasit

9、”Iasked,fullofearnestanticipation.(para.2)Meaning:WhenIaskedabouthowhertriptoEuropehadbeen,Iwasexpectingherresponseanxiouslyandsincerely.Howwasit?:(spoken)oftenusedinconversationtoasksb.abouttheiropinionorexperienceofsth.（口語常用表達，用于詢問看法或經(jīng)歷）Didyouwatchthemovielastnight?Howwasit?你昨天晚上看那部電影了嗎?感覺怎么樣?full

10、of:(followedbyabstractnouns)feelingorshowingalotofparticularemotionorquality(感覺、表達或表現(xiàn)出)充滿某種情感（特質(zhì)）的fullofexcitement/energy/hope/happiness/praise充滿興奮/活力/希望/幸福/贊美Theteacherwasfullofpraiseforthehomeworkthatthestudentshaddone.老師對學生們完成的功課贊不絕口。earnest:a.veryseriousandsincere非常認真的；鄭重其事的。Attheofficehewasvery

11、earnest,buthesmorerelaxednow.在辦公室他很認真，但是現(xiàn)在他放松多了。4.Shenoddedthreeorfourtimessearched theheavensfortherightwords,andthenexclaimed,itwaslike,whoa!(para.3)Meaning:shenoddedherheadthreeorfour times,triedtofindtherightwordsinher mindand thenshoutedwithexcitementit waslikewhoa!Meaningbeyondwords:Sincethest

12、udent wasnotquitesurehowtoexactlydescribe hertravel experience,thetoneoftheauthor issomewhatsarcastic.Theauthorintended tosendoutthemessagethatthestudentwas incompetentregardingtheselectionofher Englishvocabulary.searchsomewhereforsth.:trytofindsth.insomeplace在某地方搜尋某物Therobberreachedoutandsearchedth

13、ebackpocketofmytrousersforanythingvaluable.那個盜賊伸手搜我褲子后面的口袋以尋找值錢的東西。Note Theheavensmeansthesky:heresearchtheheavensfortherightwordsimpliesthestudenttriedhardtofindsuitablewordstodescribewhatshe sawandexperiencedwhentravelinginEuropeexclaim:v.saysth.suddenlyandloudlybecauseofsurprise,anger,orexcitemen

14、t（由于驚奇、氣憤或激動）呼喊，驚叫Susanexclaimedhorrorwhenayoungmanwithagunsuddenlyappearedfrombehindher.當一名年輕男子突然持槍從蘇珊背后出現(xiàn)時，她害怕得驚叫起來。NoteItwaslikewhoameansitwasreallygreat!Itwaslikeisaninformalexpressioninconversation,verycommonforyoungpeoplewhoarelazyandincapabletoreferencetheirideas.Theexpressionisusuallyfollowe

15、dbyanadjectiveoranexclamation.Itwas,like,marvelous!簡直奇妙極了！（Itwaslike）Whoa!Howcomeyougotahundred0percentcorrectonsuchahardtest?哇！這么難的考試你怎么都全答對了？NoteWhoaisspecificallyusedtoshowthatpeoplearesurprisedorthinksomethingisveryimpressive.Itcanbeusedindifferentcontexts.Forexample:Todescribesomethingthatyoure

16、notquitesurehowtodescribe:thatcarissocoolitslikewhoa.Toexpresssurprise:whoa!Itsreallyamazing!Toindicateadesiretoendwhatsomeoneis talking:whoaok,thatsenough.5.Andthatwasit.(para.4)Meaning:Andthatwaseverythingshesaid,withoutevenmentioninganydetailsofher wonderfulexperienceinEurope.Thatwasit.:oftenused

17、inconversationtosay that sth.iscompletelyfinishedorthatasituationcannotbechanged就這樣（指某事徹底結(jié)束或形式不能更改）Thatwasit.Icouldnolongerhopeforapromotion,andmybossdidntevenwanttoseemeagain.就這樣吧，我的升職再也沒指望了，我的老板甚至不想再見到我。6.ThecivilizationofGreeceandthegloryofRomanarchitecturewerecapturedincondensednon-statement.(pa

18、ra.4)Meaning:ThecivilizationofGreeceandthegloryofRomanarchitecturewerejust describedin onewordratherthanacomplete statementbecauseofherinabilitytochoose appropriatewordstoexpressherselfcapture:vt.1)succeedinrecording,showing,ordescribing a situationorfeeling,usingwordsorpictures （用文字或圖片）記錄下，描述，捕捉Som

19、eartistsareabletocatchalikenessinasketchwhileothersaregiftedtocaptureafleetingexpression.有些藝術家能畫出酷似某人的肖像，而另一些則善于捕捉到稍縱即逝的表情。2）catchapersonandkeepthemasaprisoner俘虜；逮捕Governmenttroopshavesucceededincapturingtherebelleader.政府軍已經(jīng)成功捕獲叛亂分子的頭目。condense: vt.makesth.thatisspokenorwrittenshorter將（講話或文章）壓縮Thewh

20、olechaptercouldbecondensedintoafewparagraphs.這一整章可以壓縮成幾個段落。condensed:a.beingmadeshorter,usu.includingonlythemostimportantparts壓縮的ThecouncilwasmerelygivenacondensedversionofwhathadalreadybeendisclosedinWashington.該理事會得到的知識已在華盛頓披露的內(nèi)容的濃縮版。7.Mystudent“whoa”wasexceededonlybymy head-shakingdistress.(para.

21、4)Meaning:Myhead-shakingdistressather inabilitytoexpressproperlywasevengreater thanherslangtermwhoa,oneword,which didnotmakeanystatementtodescribethe civilizationofGreeceandthegloryofRoman architecture.Meaningbeyondwords:Thewordexceed statesexplicitlythattheauthorsworryabout hisstudentslanguageinabi

22、litywasmuch moreintensethanherexcitement.exceed:vt.(fml.)bemorethanaparticularnumberoramount超過；超出Youllhavetopayextramoneyifyouexceedyourluggageallowance.如果你的行李超重，你必須額外付費。distress:n.Uafeelingofextremeunhappiness憂慮；苦惱；悲傷Shehadfiveyearsofactiveandhappylifeinthehospitalbeforeshedied,withoutmuchpainordis

23、tressfromcancer.她過世前在醫(yī)院過了五年積極而快樂的生活，并沒有因為患癌癥二遭受多大的痛苦和憂傷。8.TherearemanydifferentstoriesaboutthedownturnintheproperuseofEnglish.(para.5)Meaning:TherearealotofdifferentstoriesaboutwhypeoplearelessskilledwhenusingEnglish.downturn:n.C,usu.sing.aprocessinwhichbusinessactivity,production,etc.,isreducedandc

24、onditionsbecomeworse衰退；下降ThedownturnintheautoindustryaffectedtheentireeconomyoftheUnitedStates.汽車工業(yè)的衰退影響了整個美國的經(jīng)濟9.Surelystudentsshouldbeabletodistinguish betweentheir/there/theyreonthedistinctive differencebetweencomplimentaryandcomplementary(para.5)Meaning:Ofcourse,studentsshouldbeable torecognizea

25、ndunderstandthedifferencesbetweentheir/there/theyreontheobvious differencebetweencomplimentaryandcomplementarydistinguish:recognizethedifferencesbetweenthings區(qū)別；辨別Aformaleducationwithemphasisonhistoryliteratureandculturehelpsapersonlearnhowto distinguishrightfromwrong著重于歷史、文學和文化的正規(guī)教育能幫助一個人學習如何明辨是非。d

26、istinguishbetween:recognizeandunderstandthedifferencebetweentwoormorethingsorpeople區(qū)分；辨別Theabilitytoreadinacriticalwayinvolvestheabilitytodistinguishbetweenfactsandthewritersopinionsorinterpretations.批判性閱讀能力包括區(qū)分什么是事實，什么事作者自己的看法或解釋能力。distinctive:a.easytorecognizebecauseofbeingdifferentfromotherpeople

27、orthingsofthesametype與眾不同的；特殊的；特別的Thedistinctivedesignofaproductprovidesapowerfulcompetitiveadvantageoverotherproducts.一個獨特的產(chǎn)品設計具有比其他產(chǎn)品更強有力的競爭優(yōu)勢。complimentary:a.1)givenfreetopeople免費贈送的Allguestswillreceiveacomplimentarybottleofchampagne.所有客人將得到一瓶免費的香檳。2）sayingthatyouadmiresb.orsth.贊美的；欽佩的Mrs.Stevens

28、wasmostcomplimentaryaboutyourwork.史蒂文斯夫人稱贊你的工作。complementary:plementarythingsgowelltogetheralthoughtheyareusu.different互為補充的；互補的Theeconomiesofthetwocountriesarecomplementarytooneanotherinnature.兩國經(jīng)濟具有互補性。10.Theyunfairlybearthebulkofthecriticismfor theseknowledgedeficitsbecausethereisasense thattheys

29、houldknowbetter.(para.5)Meaning:Justbecausetheyareassumed tolearnbetter,studentsunfairlybecome themaintargetofthecriticismfortheir insufficientknowledge.bulk:n.U(theofsth.)themajorityor largestpartofsth.(某物的)大部分，多半Becausethebulkoftheworkwassupervisedby theowner，theoverallcostisdifficulttoassess.大部分的

30、工作是由業(yè)主監(jiān)督，總體成本很難去評估。deficit:n.C1)alackofaquality,skill,orabilitythatyoushouldhave（素質(zhì)、技能或能力的）缺乏、不足knowledge/language/sleepdeficit知識、語言、睡眠的缺乏2)theamountbywhichsth.islessthanyouneedorshouldhave赤字；虧損；逆差Owingtotheheavydeficit,thecompanyisapparentlyonthevergeofbankruptcy.由于巨額虧損，該公司很明顯已到了破產(chǎn)的邊緣。NoteThewordde

31、ficitismainlyusedinthesecondmeaning(赤字；虧損；逆差)11.Studentsarenotdumb,buttheyarebeingmisled everywheretheylookandlisten.（para.6)Meaning:Studentsarenotstupidhowever,theymistakenlylearnwhatevertheyseeand hearintheirlanguageenvironment.Note Here,“theyarebeingmisled”isusedfor emphasis,emphasizinganon-going

32、situationof“beingmisled”.dumb:a.(infml.)stupid愚蠢的Thequestionsweresetupjusttomakeherlookdumb.問題這么設計就是為了讓她出丑。12.Forexamplesignsingrocerystorespointthemto thestationary,eventhoughtheactualstationery-pads,albumsandnotebooks-arenot items naileddown.(para.6)Meaning:Forexample,signsofmerchandise ingrocerys

33、toresleadstudentstothe“stationary”departmentsellingstationerylike pads=,albumsandnotebooks.However,these displayedstationeryitemsaremovablebut notnaileddown.Meaningbeyondwords: Takingthewrong spelledsignsingrocerystoresasanexample,theauthorarguesthatitisnotstudentsfault.Theverbphrasenaildownisclever

34、lyused todescribethefunnysituation:movable“stationery”itemsareunderthesignof unmovablestationarydistinctspelling mistakebetweenthetwowords.stationary:a.standingstillinsteadofmoving不（移）動的；靜止的Stationarycarsintrafficjamscausedagreatdealofpollution.交通堵塞中靜止不動的汽車產(chǎn)生了大量污染。stationery:n.Umaterialsusedforwriti

35、ng,suchaspaper,penspencils,etc.文具Weregretthatweareunabletoaccepttelephoneordersforpersonalstationeryitems.很遺憾，我們不能接受個人文具用品的電話訂購。nailsth.down:1)fastensth.tosth.elsewithnails釘；將某物釘牢Willyounaildownthatlooseboardinthefloor?請把那塊松動的地板釘牢好嗎？2）（infml.）reachafinalanddefiniteagreementordecisionaboutsth.Twodays

36、isntenoughtonaildownthedetailsofanagreement.要把協(xié)議的所有細節(jié)都確定下來，兩天的時間是不夠的。13.Friendsandlovedonesoftenproclaimtheyve justatewhen,infact,theyrejusteaten(para.6)Meaning:Friendsandlovedonesoftenmake mistakeswhenspeakingEnglish.Forexample,theysaypubliclytheyrejustatebutactually theyshouldsaytheyrejusteaten.pr

37、oclaim:vt.(fml.)saypubliclyorofficially thatsth.importantistrueorexists宣稱；宣布；聲明Britainproudlyproclaimsthatitisanationofanimallovers.英國自豪的宣稱自己是一個愛護動物的國家。14.Therefore,itdoesntmakeanysensetocriticize ourstudents(para.6)Meaning:So,theresnogoodreasontocriticize ourstudents.Whichisunfairtothem.15.Blamefor

38、thescandalofthislanguagedeficit shouldbethrustuponourschools,whichshould besettinghighstandardsofEnglishlanguage proficiency.(para.7)Meaning:Ourschoolsshouldbeblamedfor theshockingevidenceofstudentsinsufficient languageskills.Itstheirresponsibilityto establishhighstandardsofEnglishlanguage abilities

39、.scandal:n.1)sing.asituationthatshocksyouandmakesyouangry,esp.onethatyouthinksb.inauthorityshouldchange（尤指當局本應改變的）令人震驚的事，引起憤慨的事Itisascandalthatapersoncanbestoppedbythepolicefornoreason.警察竟可以毫無理由地攔人，這很令人震驚。2)Caneventinwhichsb.,esp.sb.important,behavesinabadwaythatshockspeople(尤指牽涉知名人士的)丑聞，丑事Theoffici

40、algotinvolvedinascandalandwasforcedtoresignweekslater.那位官員卷入了一樁丑聞，幾個星期后被迫辭職。thruststh.upon/onsb.:(usu.passive)forcesb.todooracceptsth.迫使某人做某事；迫使某人接受某事Sheneverenjoyedthefamethatwasthrustonher.對于強加給她的名聲，她從未感到開心過。proficiency：n.Uagoodstandardofabilityandskill熟練；精通EvidenceofbasicproficiencyinEnglishispar

41、toftheadmissionrequirements.具備基本的英語技能是入學要求的一部分。16.Insteadtheyonlyteachalittlegrammarand evenlessadvancedvocabulary.(para.7)Meaning:contrarytowhattheschools shoulddotheyonlyteachaminimum amountofgrammarandfarfromenough advancedvocabulary.17.Moreover,theyoungerteachersthemselves evidentlyhavelittlekno

42、wledgeofthesevital structuresoflanguagebecausetheyalsowent withoutexposuretothem.(para.7)Meaning:Inaddition,theyoungteachers obviouslyknowlittleabouttheseimportant structuresoflanguagesincetheyalsodidnt havethechancetodealwiththemintheir priorlearningexperiences.moreover:ad.(fml.)inaddition-usedtoin

43、troduceinformationthataddstoorsupportswhathaspreviouslybeensaid而且；再者；此外Moreover,theybecomemoreconcernedabouttheirhealthastheygrowolder.此外，隨著年齡的增長，他們更加關注自己的健康。evidently:ad.usedforsayingthatsth.isobviouslytrue.明顯地；顯然Sheshouldhavebeenheretwohoursago,soshesevidentlydecidednottocomeafterall.她兩小時以前就應該到這兒了

44、，所以她顯然決定不來了。exposure:1)sing.,Uthechancetoexperiencenewideas,waysoflife,etc.接觸；體驗Exposuretoasecondlanguageshouldtakeplaceinelementaryschool.孩子們應該從小學就開始接觸第二語言。2)Uwhensb.isinasituationwheretheyarenotprotectedfromsth,dangerousorunpleasant顯露ThedoctortoldPennythattoomuchexposuretothesunisbadfortheskinandm

45、aycausecancer.醫(yī)生對彭妮說在太陽底下曬太陽對皮膚有害，可能還會致癌。Noteexposure是動詞expose的名詞形式，動詞expose常用于短語be/getexposedto中，表示“接觸、體驗”。Somechildrenareneverexposedtoclassicalmusic.有些孩子們從來沒有接觸過古典音樂。18.Schoolsfailtoadequatelyteachtheessential frameworkoflanguage,accurategrammarandpropervocabulary,whiletheyshouldtakethe responsib

46、ilityofpushingtheyoungontothe pathofcompetentcommunication.(para.7)Meaning:Althoughschoolsareresponsible forgettingstudentsonthetrackofeffective communication,theyareunabletosufficiently teachthebasicconceptsoflanguagegrammar andvocabularyadequate:a.enoughinquantityorofagood enoughqualityforaparticu

47、larpurpose足夠的；充分的；合乎需要的Peopleaccusedthegovernoroffailingtotakeadequatemeasureswhichcouldhavepreventedthedisaster.人們指責該州長對本來可以避免的災難沒有采取充分的措施。competent:a.havingenoughskillsorknowledgetodosth.toasatisfactorystandard合格的；能干的Mysecretaryisperfectlycompetent,butshedoesnthavemuchpatience.我的秘書非常能干，但是她沒有多少耐心。1

48、9.Sincegrammarisboringtomostoftheyoung studentsIthinkthatitmustbehandled delicately,stepbystep.(para.8)Meaning: Asgrammarisuninterestingto mostoftheyoungstudents, Ithinkitshouldbe taughtcarefullyandskillfully,bitbybit.20.ThechancecamewhenonedayIwasdriving withmyson.Aswesetoutonourtrip,he noticedabir

49、dinjerkyflightandsaid,“Itsflying sounsteady.”(para.8)Meaning:Theopportunitytoteachhim Englishcamewhenwewerebothonacar headingforourtrip.Onseeingabirdflying unsteadily,hecommentedthatthebirdwas flyingunsteady.jerk:n.Casuddenquickmovement猛的一動；猝然一動Theoldbusstartedwithajerk,sothepassengers shookasudden.

50、那輛舊的公共汽車猛地一動，車上的乘客都突然搖晃了一下。jerky:a.movingroughlywithmanystartsandstops（在進行中）不平穩(wěn)的，顛簸的Afterthebuscametoajerkyhalt,thepassengers gotthehurriedly.公共汽車顛簸著停下來以后，乘客們都匆忙下車了。21.Icarefullyasked,myson,howisthebird flying?“Whatswrong?DidIsayanything incorrectly?”Hegotlost.“Great!Yousaid incorrectlyinsteadofinco

51、rrect.Weuseadverbsto describeverbs.Therefore,itsflyingsounsteadily butnotsounsteady.”(para.8)Meaning:Onhearingwhathesaid,Iasked himcautiouslyhowthebirdwasflying.My sondidnthaveanyideaaboutwhat waswrongsoheaskedifhesaidanything incorrectly.Bypraisinghiscorrectuseof incorrectly,Iexplainedthatunsteadyi

52、s improperlyusedbecauseanadverbisneeded todescribeaverb.Meaningbeyondwords:From“Icarefully asked”and“Great”wecanseethewaythe fatherusedtocorrecthissonsgrammatical mistakeisveryencouraging.getlost:beunabletounderstandsth. Because itisnew,difficult,complicated,etc.迷惘；困惑；不知所措。Whenyoureadfaster,yourcomp

53、rehensiongoes upbecauseinsteadofgettinglostinthewords,youseethegeneralpicture.當你快速閱讀的時候，理解力會上升，因為你看到的是一個整體畫面，而沒有拘泥于單個詞匯。2.Curiousaboutmycorrectionheaskedmewhat anadverbwas.Slowly,Isaid,“itsawordthat tellsyousomethingaboutaverb.”Itledtohis askingmewhataverbwas.Iexplained,“Verbs areactionwords;forexam

54、ple,Daddrivesthe truck.Driveistheverbbecauseitsthethingdad isdoing.”(para.9)Meaning:fascinatedbymycorrection,he wonderedwhatanadverbwas.Afterhegot theanswer,hewentonwiththequestionof averb.Toexplainvividlytohim,Iusedthe exampleofdriving:anactionIwasdoing.Meaningbeyondwords:Theboywasvery alerttosomet

55、hingneworinteresting.His learningexperienceillustratesthatlearning grammarisnotnecessarilyboring.23.Then,outofhisowncuriosity,heaskedme ifotherwordshadnamesfortheiruseand functions.(para.10)Meaning:Afterthat,becauseofhiscuriosity,heaskedmeifotherwordsalsohadspecificnamesfortheiruseandtherolestheypla

56、y.outofcuriosity:becauseofcuriosity出于好奇Shedecidedtofollowhimoutofcuriosity.出于好奇，她決定跟蹤他。function：n.C,Uthepurposethatsth.has,orthejobthatsb.orsth.does(事物的)功能；作用；（某人的）職責Oneofthechieffunctionsofeducationisto equipfuturecitizenswiththeirplacesinsociety.教育的主要職能之一是幫助未來的公民在社會上找到自己的位置。vi.workoroperateintheco

57、rrectway正常動作；正常運轉(zhuǎn)IftheInternetstoppedfunctioning,the consequentlossescouldbemeasured intensofbillionsofdollars.如果因特網(wǎng)停止運作，由此產(chǎn)生的損失可用數(shù)百億美元來衡量。24.Withinthespanofa10-minutedrive,hehad learned fromscratchto themajorpartsofspeech inasentence.Itwaspainlesslearningandgreat fun!(para.10)Meaning:Within10minute

58、sridinginthe carwithmehehadlearnedfromzeroto understandingthemainpartsofspeechin asentence.Learninggrammarisinteresting ratherthanpainfulorboring!span:n.Caperiodoftimebetweentwodatesorevents(兩個日期或時間之間的)時距，期間Propertygainedwithinthespanofmarriage suchassalaryisconsideredjointlyowned property.婚姻存續(xù)期間獲得的

59、財產(chǎn)，如工資，都視為夫妻共同財產(chǎn)。scratch:n.C1)(from)fromapointwherenothinghas beenthere.soyouhavetodoeverything yourself從零開始；從頭開始；白手起家Itmaybethefirsttimeinyearswhenyou havebadtostartfromscratchmakingnewfriends.這可能是多年來的第一次你不得不從頭開始結(jié)交新朋友。2)athinmarkorcutonthesurfaceofsth.oronsb.sskin（物件或皮膚上的）刮痕，劃痕Thescratchonthewatchw

60、asalmosttoominutetosee.手表上的劃痕幾乎小得看不見。25.Perhaps,languageshouldbelookeduponasa roadmapandavaluablepossession:oftenstudy theroadmap(checkgrammar)andtuneupthe carengine(adjustvocabulary).Learninggrammar andagoodvocabularyisjustlikedrivingwitha roadmapinawell-conditionedcar(para.11)Meaning:Maybe,youshou