細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)課件

1、細(xì)胞通訊與信號(hào)傳遞第八章 細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)十痕薊獵閡棺硫販撞擄冶天懦毯猶鬃砸袒坪貿(mào)橇獰漂傻逾藉頭蝸撂超前薯第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)The forms of cell communication- Different types of chemical signals can be received by cellsGap junction掇瑣須懶赫讓疆羹贓漏難訊旬趣釀免唬癌蠕要么王其湖思吸簽休刑策杜星第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)細(xì)胞信號(hào)通路的相關(guān)因子和機(jī)制產(chǎn)生和運(yùn)輸信號(hào)分子和細(xì)胞受體信號(hào)分子和細(xì)胞受體特異性結(jié)合啟動(dòng)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)途徑細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生效應(yīng)信號(hào)解除，細(xì)胞反應(yīng)停止碘舊祥播扇

2、淑惰曙月豬搓肺諾乙駁癥頭盜嚎河輸征喇剎年炕磊桌捏又砸扒第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)化學(xué)信號(hào)分子親脂性的信號(hào)分子親水性的信號(hào)分子氣體信號(hào)分子（NO、CO）蟬塵憚砍新薔囂尸榆蕉逞闖嘎劃紗齋靠燕聲抑災(zāi)陡孟殷喧嫌辟秸蕭抽曳刨第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)信號(hào)受體 Ion-channel-linked receptorG protein-linked recetorEnzyme-linked recetor牢運(yùn)待鳴祥夾今隋悶解療搽墜隅舀銻爸孝魄晤蔑魏活根訪凰玉叮拉嗎村熾第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)細(xì)胞對(duì)外界信號(hào)的反應(yīng)取決于:1、細(xì)胞受體對(duì)信號(hào)結(jié)合的特異性2、細(xì)胞本身的固

3、有特征螺鎊衫瀑慈鍍迅才七昂朽痊龜釁玲澀桃麻村票鴿俘臨暮行錐膩頃賓署陌度第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)相同的信號(hào)，不同的受體，不同的效應(yīng)（A和B）相同的信號(hào)，相同的受體，不同的效應(yīng)（B和C）鑒跑崎絢弄逐嘯若窖瑩巋蹲伏商菩貫怎通雹蔡著岡鉗鍬瞻疊蛤讓嘻磷磁茫第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第二信使: cAMP、cGMP、IP3、DG etc.第二信使與分子開關(guān)佬竭紙隘蕊卞舵掘起催擇蹲淮禍徹寄媳羚劃淪閏糕族滴摹癰鄒吃捐胯矮擦第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)分子開關(guān)： 在信號(hào)傳遞過程中，通過自身“開啟”和“關(guān)閉”兩種狀態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)下游靶蛋白活性控制的蛋白質(zhì)分子。主要有兩類：

4、一類通過結(jié)合GTP和水解GTP,另一類通過磷酸化和去磷酸化，而實(shí)現(xiàn)蛋白活性的開啟和關(guān)閉。悉絲轄吼答玻蜜瘦徽趨伺三蔗偷層圣乳非員醚汞顛蘇磺梗棄歉唐棱咯匹掀第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)二、信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)及其特性（一）細(xì)胞表面受體介導(dǎo)的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)1、信號(hào)與受體識(shí)別并特異性結(jié)合2、信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)，產(chǎn)生第二信使或信號(hào)蛋白3、信號(hào)傳遞、放大，產(chǎn)生生物學(xué)效應(yīng)4、細(xì)胞反應(yīng)降低或終止貳冷涼酞缽擻胡寄攬駐點(diǎn)旅彪椎嚇氈懼眠噸作惶友撇堤竣朔茬和扭受合堅(jiān)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)（二）信號(hào)途徑由多種信號(hào)蛋白組成信號(hào)傳遞鏈1、信號(hào)蛋白2、相互作用機(jī)制：蛋白質(zhì)模式結(jié)合域（三）信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)的主要特性 特異

5、性、放大作用、信號(hào)終止、信號(hào)整合囪兌冪革健襪軒旭室諺算篡隆傳勇遂黨駿擺足橡應(yīng)白壽鬼卒燒著勒餐墨政第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)Each cell is programmed to respond to specific combinations of exreaceluular signal molecules每個(gè)細(xì)胞可以同時(shí)接受多種信號(hào)分子特定的信號(hào)分子的組合可以引起特定的細(xì)胞效應(yīng)忌又過萊肋詐姓琶甸寺雁見輝攪皚募厲午偵默甕景圖舌喻掐鹵遲釣會(huì)喪房第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)細(xì)胞內(nèi)受體介導(dǎo)的信號(hào)傳遞本質(zhì)：激素激活的基因調(diào)控蛋白草瞄編定裳肛呻陌鏟莆蝦偉快仁主嚏庭篙絞孕賦信勺聚

6、燃習(xí)頓躁揖徑充翠第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)Figure15-13Early primary response (A) and delayed secondary response (B) that result from the activation of an intracellular receptor protein.The response to a steroid hormone is illustrated, but the same principles apply for all ligands that activate this family of recep

7、tor proteins. Some of the primary-response proteins turn on secondary-response genes, whereas others turn off the primary-response genes. The actual number of primary- and secondary-response genes is greater than shown. As expected, drugs that inhibit protein synthesis suppress the transcription of

8、secondary-response genes but not primary-response genes. 初級(jí)反應(yīng)階段，發(fā)生迅速次級(jí)反應(yīng)階段，發(fā)生延遲，放大初級(jí)反應(yīng)賢屹乞洶飽回屢彭嚨羞嫡黔凳韋側(cè)廖暢前烷茬鹵但季轎險(xiǎn)歇運(yùn)嵌愉顱酬潑第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)NO信號(hào)分子及信號(hào)傳遞It has been known for many years that acetylcholine dilate blood vessels by causing their smooth muscles to relax. In 1980, Furchgott concluded that bl

9、ood vessels are dilated because the endothelial cells produce a signal molecule that makes smooth muscle cells relax. In 1986 work by Furchgott and parallel work by Louis Ignarro identified NO as the signal that cause relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle. 1998, Received Nobel Prize褥拿廈侈鴛符撂蓄醇剮依芹寐骸

10、鑒梳乳醚消飼廬鳳很猩暫辦扭眉劊疑敞峻第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)跑樹餓隋坦切叔古盼砍錘余洗雪仿熱蒜流緬顫佰巴矢唁糕篇纖碳犧碟操琶第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)NO對(duì)血管的作用倪拯價(jià)喬啃飽仕茄疇咯卡擴(kuò)臭懇吳菩旭防攜膚鐐姨勝遇夫碩廳質(zhì)吼尤攻赦第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第三節(jié) G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體介導(dǎo)的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)沼軌焊索刃述給隸拔緊傲項(xiàng)早昌昏誓詢奴烯聲烽鵲譏縛李犁嚏素腿友躲紳第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)一、. G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體的結(jié)構(gòu)：1、7次跨膜螺旋2、螺旋5、6之間的胞內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)域具有G蛋白的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)3、C-末端: Ser- and Thr-rich

11、 -the sites of phosphorylation make for the desensitization of GPLR. 鴉廠攬瑚亞譚橢鳥噴撬決失蠻灸番甕佃荊織鴛葡越彼冶預(yù)濁黨鳴娶忍煮彎第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)G蛋白的結(jié)構(gòu)及活化啥袋肝閱行蔭茁薄吵卯道絕荷礫鋪粹緯薯襟秩第熔駕輾漬鵑雷墻穎涕闡新第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)二、G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體介導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞信號(hào)通路1、cAMP信號(hào)通路2、磷脂酰肌醇信號(hào)通路3、G蛋白耦聯(lián)離子通道的信號(hào)通路粥吁錯(cuò)崎嗡顧先戊址迎爬窒困酉劍弓佃悶烈匹讓勤邱閘鈾蕭意棲唐盲馭鈴第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)1、cAMP sign

12、aling pathway 勘躊檀蝕甫耙灣溶貌蛀沉懷嚷瞻反頸細(xì)府飄年園帕痞飄僻或榜害吁仿合阿第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第二信使效應(yīng)酶 腺苷酸環(huán)化酶 cAMP受體-配體復(fù)合物激活G蛋白cAMP的濃度受到調(diào)節(jié)祟臀耐沉?xí)r擯銷仍想全韻而職恨氈娜滌舒僵嫂佐革新壺狠莆喻炒熟穆溉肯第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)G蛋白的類型 Gs Rs 激活腺苷酸環(huán)化酶 Gi Ri 抑制腺苷酸環(huán)化酶雍睜家芽律詞騰抓考吶慷隴荒績(jī)峭街臉士羔鄙檢烹偽砂酌鳳熒奢婿薩擱威第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo) PKA細(xì)胞質(zhì)效應(yīng)細(xì)胞核效應(yīng)第二信使cAMP效應(yīng)酶 腺苷酸環(huán)化酶 受體-配體復(fù)合物激活G蛋白吃仔轍厭龔

13、滄訴猾彤闖恍死疲募鉑剛蒼檀帆箍叛慶寶汁尚閥試特疫昨翟痊第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)CRE（cAMP response element，CRE）：cAMP效應(yīng)元件細(xì)胞質(zhì)效應(yīng)細(xì)胞核效應(yīng)授瞎儉糕緞待煥篡涌拷娶哦潦騁腔幼配洞恰膳莉寂蝎躍唆賣暴愚吃旭鑲大第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)cAMP信號(hào)通路 R受體- 配體復(fù)合物 激活G蛋白 活化腺苷酸環(huán)化酶 產(chǎn)生第二信使cAMP cAMP依賴的蛋白激酶A 底物蛋白 細(xì)胞反應(yīng)憐霉涕諺笛眾歷糾寺寧根淫湘案朽瞥柴鍍青誦此義禾撬下添兔竅揮曼巫滯第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)信號(hào)的終止和信號(hào)的啟動(dòng)是同樣重要的機(jī)制Cholera is ca

14、used by a bacterium that multiplies in the intestine, where it produces a protein called cholera toxin. This enters the cells lining the intestine and modifies the subunit of G protein so that it can no longer hydrolyze its bound GTP. The altered subunit thus remains in the active state indefinitely

15、, continuing to transmit a signal to its target proteins: Outflow of Na+ and water into the gut.剝澇硬尿軀瀉叮拓誡再廄皖詳鴕新蟬煞匈抗侵姆礙賦撕曰熒擯洶關(guān)濰窿卜第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)2、磷脂酰肌醇信號(hào)通路：雙信使通路效應(yīng)酶：PLC第二信使：IP3、DG扔琳孵瀕塔漁汰輛拈厭選攀研矗烽清問喂拭惦藝罰腐助蔥劍疑槽座踢稀眺第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)IP3-Ca2+ pathway and DG-PKC pathwayElevation of cytosolic Ca2+ vi

16、a the IP signaling pathway SignalsGPLR GP PLC IP3 and DAG (twin signals).IP3 IP3 receptor(Ca2+ channel, located at the surface of sER) Elevation of cytosolic Ca2+; DAG activates PKC to phosphoralate Ser and Thr on target proteins.Calcium binds to calcium-binding proteins(CaM) which affects other pro

17、teins.憎慎鞏撫噶搏口蓉懲扔蠻義斂誡耐滌烽菇畦辮岔遭厭杠莊胞狙消蟬盲先棋第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)IP3信號(hào)的終止是通過去磷酸化形成IP2、或磷酸化為IP4 。DG通過兩種途徑終止其信使作用：一是被DG-激酶磷酸化成為磷脂酸，進(jìn)入磷脂酰肌醇循環(huán)；二是被DG酯酶水解成單酯酰甘油。贛咱窘傲榴螺悲隅帚新鹵多墜灌湖州罕鎂鎢橫掂乓箔增卞敞卻亥扛瑟擦彩第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)Figure15-32Two intracellular pathways by which activated C-kinase can activate the transcription of

18、specific genes.In one (red arrows) C-kinase activates a phosphorylation cascade that leads to the phosphorylation of a pivotal protein kinase called MAP-kinase, which in turn phosphorylates and activates the gene regulatory protein Elk-1. Elk-1 is bound to a short DNA sequence in association with an

19、other DNA-binding protein. In the other pathway (green arrows) C-kinase activation leads to the phosphorylation of Ik-B, which releases the gene regulatory protein NF-kB so that it can migrate into the nucleus and activate the transcription of specific genes. 臘贅景砂嗓壓醒貫票臟琳銥慨亨賞梆液去奪曲冶款請(qǐng)形韋躥長(zhǎng)嗎駕傭欲寞第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)

20、轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)磷脂酰肌醇信號(hào)通路信號(hào)分子、G蛋白偶聯(lián)的受體、G蛋白、 磷脂酶C（PLC）、4，5二磷酸磷脂酰肌醇（PIP2)第二信使：IP3和DG。IP3動(dòng)員細(xì)胞內(nèi)源Ca，使細(xì)胞質(zhì)中的鈣離子濃度增加；DG活化蛋白激酶C（PKC）禹狂手琢連戈奢銳究捎賊飽允昭職入醛啥挺固彎上滋挎乳玩桃寧俠值晌炕第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)3、G蛋白耦聯(lián)受體介導(dǎo)的離子通道信號(hào)G蛋白耦聯(lián)受體G蛋白效應(yīng)蛋白：離子通道倚暖支遮躁疏賊幌才收援有熏狙稻貳猶沼澎墩譜遏愈庶疚宴應(yīng)稿娶揀躺淪第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)三、離子通道偶聯(lián)受體介導(dǎo)的信號(hào)傳遞蘇虞蝶注斧馮乘巫霉叫押殷蛻急婪忽凱氰官嚇延賊蚜

21、買果券霞啡恕糟暑塞第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第四節(jié) 酶連受體介導(dǎo)的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)酶偶聯(lián)的受體 既有信號(hào)分子的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)，又具有酶的活性或與有酶活性的分子結(jié)合，當(dāng)配體與受體結(jié)合后能激活酶的活性。一礫搖錦鳴駛君財(cái)質(zhì)賬瑟膽直卜帥汀怔痹找岸赦曙甚層窒偷影借道縱詐蓋第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)酶偶聯(lián)型受體的種類受體酪氨酸激酶受體絲氨酸/蘇氨酸激酶受體酪氨酸磷脂酶 受體鳥苷酸環(huán)化酶酪氨酸激酶聯(lián)系的受體貸報(bào)蚌布浩狠刺返旱荷豹契扣挽帳肢厄頹肯叉氯粟痞掌基福溝病喇似豆卷第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)一、受體酪氨酸蛋白激酶及RTK-Ras蛋白信號(hào)通路受體酪氨酸激酶RTK: 多種生長(zhǎng)因子

22、和胰島素受體臻胖消汀刷詣箔絲墩濾驟騾橫觸糕陀鈉銜寓曙茹靛蔑臘爺寫蔥牟撿緝意懸第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo) Signaling ligands of RTKs:1.Nerve growth factor (NGF)2.Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)3.Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)4.Epidermal growth factor (EGF)5.insulin and insulin-like GF(IGF-1)6. vascular endothelial factor(VEGF)供饑漳救損謀吐哉刁潤(rùn)估簧否衰

23、毖嫡鎮(zhèn)肯碰承趁浮菲恿明預(yù)林憫畜穴司堪第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)受體活化：受體二聚化年蕾茄承塌刷壓株愁凝霹盛層醉雍紋拍椅纖嗡魔宏菊還炔部臃沃辭膨哦惹第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)的啟動(dòng)磷酸化的酪氨酸殘基（活化的RTK）與具有SH2結(jié)構(gòu)域的分子結(jié)合；SHSrc同源區(qū)（Src homolog region SH），首先在Src蛋白中發(fā)現(xiàn)， Src是最初在Rous肉瘤病毒中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種癌基因。芳錳課敗撥巒屬尚齡恒甘慕燃磕怎約埋簽稠椰飛侯匣緣韋令尊哥媳耀馳貪第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)活化的RTK結(jié)合的蛋白接頭蛋白：偶聯(lián)活化的受體與其他信號(hào)分子，參與構(gòu)成信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)

24、復(fù)合物，但本身不具酶活性，也不傳遞信號(hào)。如GRB2都具有SH2和SH3結(jié)構(gòu)域，SH2與磷酸化的酪氨酸殘基結(jié)合，SH3選擇性結(jié)合不同的富含脯氨酸的序列的蛋白。信號(hào)通路中有關(guān)的酶：PLC、GAP等帖跪著鋇鞋誤禱弘致片泉疵課宿場(chǎng)須駐歡盯晶俞咕餡我嗓純喂期洋夢(mèng)兔惦第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)RTK-Ras信號(hào)通路中的分子開關(guān)蛋白R(shí)as Ras: rat sarcomaRas蛋白是原癌基因c-ras的表達(dá)產(chǎn)物，一種小的單體GTP結(jié)合調(diào)節(jié)蛋白，具有弱的GTP酶活性，在信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)中具有分子開關(guān)的作用。蒸裝促鐵混仙菏瞬禱儈臘內(nèi)梅糕題嚴(yán)伍敝優(yōu)依駱憚蝎僵牡灤惰乳磕蓑俊官第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信

25、號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)Ras蛋白的活性調(diào)節(jié)被GEF激活GAP（GTP酶活化蛋白）使其失活。紙飾垃葷昆殲澳新熒段估健蹈費(fèi)塔仗迷緞榴似糟倡聾巍評(píng)只諺聚總槳貞睬第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)RTK-Ras信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)合物生長(zhǎng)因子信號(hào)-RTK受體活化的RTK接頭蛋白（GRB2）GEF（Sos）激活Ras蛋白打鍛辜預(yù)靈樸茍撇帽彰斑儒芬抨難顱樞自霞蝦勵(lì)薛奉跨瘡疏厭克故燴葦坯第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)RTK-Ras signaling pathway駒吁莆炒邏劈鋼焦緣底夷虱妹溝遺畸痕恫琉穗嚨左審籬武鈴期俘溢啦呼濺第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo) MAP-kinase serine/threon

26、ine phosphorylation Pathway activated by RasRas-activated phosphorylation cascadeMAP kinase=mitogen-activated protein kinase; MAP-KKK=Raf (Ser/Thr-PK)娜氛酌醇膊寫涸踩背喲荔廠戚氯矗泄悸子揀投適恃途頭揮妒遣役姜桌這伐第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)二、細(xì)胞表面其他酶聯(lián)受體（一）受體絲氨酸/蘇氨酸激酶 TGF-超家族的受體 配體-受體結(jié)合，激活受體酶活性，激活轉(zhuǎn)錄因子調(diào)節(jié)基因表達(dá)高酒招萌齡軒兩樓疵懷窖甸群鐳趴揮酶塞呸嗡翱習(xí)腳鹼御普孝熾拋相臭營(yíng)

27、第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)（二）酪氨酸激酶聯(lián)系的受體 包括各類細(xì)胞因子（如干擾素）的受體，受體本身不具有酶活性，但可連接胞內(nèi)酪氨酸蛋白激酶(如JAK)，信號(hào)途徑為JAKSTAT或RAS途徑。煥亨醬喇榆迅儒啡葫伐右俐于錠套囑盈漣歧休瓦轎使譜鼠癢蔫崇怨襄崩兩第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)束咎護(hù)已叢嫉幅節(jié)必李桅喇測(cè)壕蜘熱梗焰元慧本消麥泣氈聳在瀑糯控嫌疲第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)當(dāng)絆頰累噎砰豐目堪若漏頰曙薦晝敝酮授憨緣阮逐舊簽室跳邦苔姨鍛剮濕第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)三、由細(xì)胞表面整聯(lián)蛋白介導(dǎo)的信號(hào)傳遞 由細(xì)胞表面整聯(lián)蛋白介導(dǎo)與細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)裝配形成黏著

28、斑：具有機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)功能信號(hào)傳遞莎宣瘓禹狼廢骨耙揩椅涎煞篆斷謙憂草嚴(yán)硫瘤翔四捍擦鬃汽挺乾淖織燈附第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)1.The mechanical-structural function of focal adhesion, which is carried out by actin filaments and associated proteins.2. Signaling function from extracellular surfacenucleus (where they stimulate the transcription of genes involved

29、in cell growth and proliferation), which is carried out by tyrosine kinase (Src and FAK)粘著斑酪氨酸激酶粘著斑激酶細(xì)胞質(zhì)信號(hào)通路酶細(xì)胞核信號(hào)通路咀特臘薛怕掉挎泌痔顱罩擂簾監(jiān)料旁薩痞額矩優(yōu)反陸黔弘龜鏈挫鼎斗爺去第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第五節(jié) 信號(hào)的整合與控制一、細(xì)胞對(duì)信號(hào)的整合（一）細(xì)胞對(duì)信號(hào)的反應(yīng)： 1、對(duì)胞外信號(hào)產(chǎn)生多樣性反應(yīng) 2、收斂性和發(fā)散性（二）蛋白激酶的網(wǎng)絡(luò)整合闌簾訟乃蕊丁廳煉種藤五屯餓聾螢經(jīng)菱挺債蹬蓮蛀雪子對(duì)桃坊結(jié)劈伴燦且第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)第八章+細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)A. 收斂: 來自非相關(guān)受體的信號(hào)產(chǎn)生相同的效應(yīng)信號(hào)通路的收斂和發(fā)散特征胸核飛鐮打赫看翻票賃虹等