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1、Sublist 4Word BuildingThe following prefixes are involved in some words of this -with, together, compleye.g. com-bat bat“打”, combat 引申為“跟戰(zhàn)斗”;com-merce -merce“貿(mào)易”,commerce 詞意為“做,商業(yè)”;com-pliment com-加強(qiáng)意義,-pl- “填、裝滿”,-i-為連接字母,-ment 名詞性后綴,com-pliment 引申為“恭維、贊揚(yáng)”。com-e -e 意思是“put”,因此其意為“組成,”;com-pile pile

2、 意思是“堆砌在一起”,該詞意為“編輯”。para-besidee.g. parallel 平行, 雙杠para-site -site“以為食”,parasite“依靠主人為食”,引申為“寄生蟲、食客”;para-phrase -phrase“說”,paraphrase“在旁邊作說明”,引申為“釋義、意譯”。pre-beforee.g. pre-occupy occupy“占據(jù)”,preoccupy 引申為“先占,全神貫Wordsn. 強(qiáng)調(diào),壓力, 著重, 重音stressvt. 強(qiáng)調(diào),加壓力于【用法】:lay (place, put) stress on 把重點(diǎn)放在.上; 在.上用力unde

3、r (driven by) the stress of 為.所迫; 處在的壓力之下【常見搭配】:stress of circumstan環(huán)境的壓力allowable stress 安全(允許)應(yīng)力time of stress 危難之際, 非常時(shí)期he stress of the moment 一時(shí)緊張stress the importance of partnership 強(qiáng)調(diào)合作的重要性stress basic fire safety 著重于基本的防火安全He stressed the po他強(qiáng)調(diào)的一點(diǎn)是t we should be punctual.須準(zhǔn)時(shí)。【詞義辨析】:pre和ten都有

4、“壓力”的含義,但針re, strain, stress對(duì)對(duì)象不同。prere 指政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、等方面的壓力以及自身的緊張情緒,如: Theers encounter there to conform to the customs of a different society. 新pre來的人要適應(yīng)不同的社會(huì)的壓力;strain 指生活中的壓力和精神的極度緊張,如:The additional work put agreat strain on him.加班工作使他負(fù)擔(dān)很重;stress 指由重物或帶來的壓力,如:The weight of the snow put stress onthe r

5、oof. 積雪給屋頂帶來了壓力;Ten指張力及緊張的狀態(tài),如:The tenhe Far East is building up again.中東的形勢(shì)又逐步緊張起來。【同族詞】:stressful adj. 產(chǎn)生壓力的,緊迫的isticn. 統(tǒng)計(jì)值,統(tǒng)計(jì)量sa. 統(tǒng)計(jì)的,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的【常見搭配】:sistic evidence 統(tǒng)計(jì)sistic bureaul sistics 金融統(tǒng)計(jì), 財(cái)政統(tǒng)計(jì),財(cái)務(wù)統(tǒng)計(jì)finaninventory sistics 庫(kù)存統(tǒng)計(jì)表e sistics 國(guó)民收入統(tǒng)計(jì)nationalsistics of fixed assets 固定資產(chǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)sistics of var

6、iables 變量的統(tǒng)計(jì)【注意】:sistics 指統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)這門學(xué)科時(shí)與單數(shù)名詞動(dòng)詞連用,指統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)資料時(shí)與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用。Educational sistics is of great importance to most of themodern countries.教育統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)對(duì)多數(shù)現(xiàn)代國(guó)家來說都非常重要。Remembert these sistics describe college freshmen in2005. 別忘了, 這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)是關(guān)于 2005 年的一年級(jí)新生的?!就逶~】:sistical a.統(tǒng)計(jì)的, 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的v. 集中,專注于,濃縮concentraten. 濃縮物,精礦

7、【用法】:concentrate on (upon )集中,全神貫注于concentrate ones attention on (upon) 把注意力集中在A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.e.g.開車時(shí)駕駛員的注意力要集中在。The company has concentrated on overseas rathernthe domestic market. 這家公司關(guān)注海外市場(chǎng), 而不是國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)?!境R姶钆洹浚?concentrate rays of lighto a focus 把光線集中在焦點(diǎn)上Industri

8、al development is being concentratedhe west ofthe country.這個(gè)國(guó)家的西部正集中發(fā)展工業(yè)。concentrated milk 煉乳fruit juice concentrate 濃縮果汁soybean protein concentrate 大豆?jié)饪s蛋白gravity concentrate 重選精礦ore concentrate 精礦【同族詞】:concentration n. 集中, 集合, 專心,濃縮, 濃度domestic a. 家庭的,國(guó)內(nèi)的;馴服的,家事【常見搭配】: domestic airsdomestic chores

9、家庭雜務(wù)domestic airline 國(guó)內(nèi)航線domestic commerce 國(guó)內(nèi)貿(mào)易domestic markets 國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)domestic and foreign news 國(guó)內(nèi)外domestic goods (products) 國(guó)產(chǎn), 國(guó)貨【同族詞】:domesticate v. 馴養(yǎng), 馴化, 使歸化vt. 辯論,考慮,商討debaten. 爭(zhēng)論,辯論,思考【用法】debate 毫無疑義, 無可爭(zhēng)辯open the debate 在辯論時(shí)首先發(fā)言(問題)debate on(upon) a question【常見搭配】:e.g. There is a heated debat

10、e about the feasibility of this project. 就這一項(xiàng)目的可行性進(jìn)行著激烈的爭(zhēng)論.正在個(gè)人收入所得稅Theernment is debating thee tax.進(jìn)行辯論【詞義辨析】:debate, argue, dispute, quarrel 和contend 都有辯論、爭(zhēng)論的意思。debate 側(cè)重指辯論者分為明顯的兩方,公開爭(zhēng)論某問題,如:The candidates agreed to debate thenes face to face. 候選人都同意就競(jìng)選問題進(jìn)行面對(duì)面i的辯論;argue 強(qiáng)調(diào)陳述事實(shí)或理由來支持別人所的觀點(diǎn),如:The s

11、peaker arguedt more immigrants should beadmitted to the country.講演者舉出理由證明應(yīng)該允許的入境;dispute 表示觀點(diǎn)不同,通常為的駁斥而非申論理由的辯論, 如: Members of the legislaturehe military budget.機(jī)關(guān)的成disputed over increases員就增加軍事一事上爭(zhēng)論不休;quarrel 強(qiáng)調(diào)敵意,常指友好關(guān)系的終止,如:Theres no poin quarrelling aboutthe past. 為過去的事而爭(zhēng)吵是沒有用的;contend 指極力爭(zhēng)論或辯論,

12、如:The defence contendedt the evidence wasinadmissible.方聲稱是不可接受的【同族詞】:debatable a. 可爭(zhēng)辯的, 未決定的, 有爭(zhēng)議的*subsequent a. 隨后的,后來的,繼起的【構(gòu)詞分析】:前綴 sub-(下面)+ sequent(順序的)【用語(yǔ)】:subsequent upon作為.的結(jié)果而發(fā)生的, 接著.發(fā)生的【常見搭配】:subsequent application 后來的申請(qǐng)subsequent collection 補(bǔ)收ndling 后續(xù)工序subsequensubsequent prosing 下一工序, 后續(xù)

13、加工the period subsequent to the war 戰(zhàn)后時(shí)期【同族詞】:subsequently ad. 其后, 其次, 接著subsequence n. 后來,*commit v. 犯(錯(cuò)誤),承諾,提交【構(gòu)詞分析】:前綴 com- (完全)+ mit (送),“完全送去”引申為“送交,提交”【常見搭配】:commit a murder 犯謀殺罪commit suicidecommit him to jail 將他監(jiān)禁He would not commit himself in any way.他不愿作任何承諾?!居谜Z(yǔ)】:commit olf to a promise 受諾

14、言的約束commit to memory 記住, 牢記lf to 委身于, 專心致志于commit olf (on) 表達(dá)個(gè)人的意見commit oe.g. Chairman refused to commit himself on the controversial在作必要subject before making due investigations.的研究之前對(duì)這個(gè)有爭(zhēng)論表態(tài)。The researchers have a commitment to the experiment. 研究人員對(duì)這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)很投入?!驹~義辨析】:commit, consign, entrust, confide

15、和 relegate 都指把某物為了一個(gè)目的例如照應(yīng)或保持安全而移作他用。commit一般指送到另一個(gè)人的控制之下,或指把東西移交給上級(jí)或處所,如:Teral sent the troops committedo battle.將軍派由他指揮的去戰(zhàn)斗。to his charge限制在醫(yī)The patient was committed to the hospital.院;consign 指交由他人保護(hù)或負(fù)責(zé),暗指從的直接控制之下拿走,如:The owner consigned the paings toa dealer for sale. 所有者將畫委托商人出售;entrust 強(qiáng)調(diào)出于對(duì)別人

16、信任和信心而托付,如:The task was tooimportant to be entrusted to a child. 此任務(wù)太重要而不能托付給兒童;confide 指帶有把握或信賴性的委托,如:She confided her plans to her family. 她把自己的計(jì)劃吐露給家人;relegate 指委托給一個(gè)特別的階層、職位或小圈子,常暗含著擺脫的意味,如:Some scientists relegateparapsychology to the sphere of quackery. 一些科學(xué)家把靈學(xué)歸類到騙術(shù)范圍?!就逶~】:commitment n. 委托,承

17、諾, 奉獻(xiàn), 義務(wù)mechanism n. 機(jī)械裝置,機(jī)構(gòu),機(jī)制【常見搭配】: the mechanism of機(jī)構(gòu)ernmentthe mechanism of the body 身體的結(jié)構(gòu)a defense mechanism 戒備的心理狀態(tài)chemical mechanism 化學(xué)機(jī)理【同族詞】:mechanist n. 機(jī)械論者mechanistic adj.機(jī)械論學(xué)說的, 機(jī)械論的vt. 同意,準(zhǔn)予,授予grant金,助學(xué)金,撥款,津貼n.【常見搭配】:grant a request 同意要求grant aid 給予幫助granted the franchise to all cit

18、izens 給予所有公民權(quán)醫(yī)療研究federal grants for medical researchmaenance grant (學(xué)生)生活金,助學(xué)金fellowship grant 研究金【用語(yǔ)】:ranted 認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然ake it fto do sth. 準(zhǔn)許做某事to grant sb. permis【詞義辨析】:grant,vouchsafe,concede,accord 和 award 都有給予幫助或給予某種的意思。grant 暗指處于較置的施與者給予請(qǐng)求人或乞求者某些本可以不給的東西,如:滿足了請(qǐng)The authority granted the petitioners

19、request愿者的要求;vouchsafe 更著重強(qiáng)調(diào)施與者的優(yōu)等地位并意含屈尊,如:The queen wont vouchsafe an answer不會(huì)屈尊給你一個(gè);to your question.concede 通常暗指回應(yīng)要求而不情愿地給予,如:The citizens had to concede the mayors incorruptiblehonesty. 市民們不得不承認(rèn)的清白誠(chéng)實(shí);accord 暗指給予別人應(yīng)該得到的東西,或與別人的特征、地位相適應(yīng)的東西,如:We must accord the senator the respect須給予議員她應(yīng)有的尊敬;award

20、 暗示she is due.經(jīng)過仔細(xì)考慮有關(guān)的事實(shí)后,給予應(yīng)得的或性的東西,如:They hopes to be awarded a stipend for furtherresearch. 他們希望能被給予進(jìn)一步研究的費(fèi)用。*profesal a. 職業(yè)的,內(nèi)行的,有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的n. 專業(yè),內(nèi)行【構(gòu)詞分析】:前綴 pro-(面)+fess(說)-ion(名詞后綴)-al(形容詞后綴),“面的”引申為“內(nèi)行的,職業(yè)的”【常見搭配】: profesal standards 專業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)al ethics 職業(yè)道德profesal training 職業(yè)訓(xùn)練profesamateur and profesa

21、l actors 業(yè)余和專業(yè)演員【同族詞】:profesn. 職業(yè), 專業(yè), 表白, 宣布ally ad.專業(yè)地, 內(nèi)行地profesoverall a. 全面的,綜合的,從頭到尾的ad. 總的來說,大體上,全面地n. 工裝褲【構(gòu)詞分析】:over(遍及、全部地)+ all(所有的)【常見搭配】:the overall costs of medical care 醫(yī)療的總花銷an overall survey 全面的觀察()良好的總體印象a favorable overall impresoverall utilization 綜合利用are still rising. 大體說來,物價(jià)仍在上漲

22、。Overall, prihypothesis n. 假設(shè),前提【復(fù)數(shù)】:hypotheses【常見搭配】: scientific hypothesis 科學(xué)假說【用語(yǔ)】:raise a hypothesis 提出一個(gè)假設(shè)【同族詞】: hypothesize v. 假設(shè), 假定,猜測(cè)hypothetical a. 假設(shè)的,假定的,研究investigate v.【常見搭配】:investigate一件事情o an airHe has been investigated and found blameless.他已被,發(fā)現(xiàn)并無罪過?!驹~義辨析】:examine,inspect,investiga

23、te 和 scan 都含有“檢查”、“調(diào)查”的意思。examine 指仔細(xì)或, 如 The doctorexamined him carefully. 醫(yī)生仔細(xì)檢查了他的身體; inspect 指仔細(xì)查看是否有之處或不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的地方,如:They inspected the work of the institute.他們檢查了學(xué)院的工作;investigate 指用某種方法、分步驟地對(duì)復(fù)雜情況或問題, 以事實(shí)、分析原因、找出特點(diǎn),如:investigate the cause of a railway accident一次鐵路事故的原因;scan 指細(xì)看、審視,如:His motherscann

24、ed his face to see if he wasling the truth.他的母親仔細(xì)觀察他的面容想查明他是否說真話?!就逶~】: investigation n., 研究summary n. 摘要,概要a. 簡(jiǎn)明的,概括的【常見搭配】:investigation summary 觀察提要;總結(jié)general condensed summary 要點(diǎn)說明a summary review 簡(jiǎn)明扼要的觀點(diǎn)ccount 簡(jiǎn)要論述a sumsummary of labor cost 人工成本匯總表e and expenses 收益費(fèi)用匯總表summary of【同族詞】:summarize

25、 v. 概括, 總結(jié), 相加e v. 強(qiáng)加,征稅;施影響*im【構(gòu)詞分析】:前綴 im-(向內(nèi))+e(放置),“強(qiáng)行放入”引申為“強(qiáng)加”【常見搭配】:e a tax 征稅imed a fraud on consumers 把假貨兜售給顧客imettlement 強(qiáng)制推行和平解決imea【用語(yǔ)】:e on (upon) 強(qiáng)加于,利用,征稅imlf (upon) sb.硬纏著; 打擾ime o【同族詞】: im,負(fù)擔(dān),強(qiáng)加ition n.civil a. 公民的,民間的;文職的,有禮貌的【常見搭配】:civil duties 公民義務(wù)的門the civil branches ofernmentth

26、e civil service 文職,(以外的全部)行政機(jī)構(gòu)civil case 民事civil aviationcivil war 內(nèi)戰(zhàn)a civil answer 有禮貌的回答【同族詞】:civilization n. 文化,文明code n. 代碼,;,規(guī)則v. 把.編成,編/譯(碼)【常見搭配】:the Morse code 摩電碼code translator 譯a traffic code 交通a code of behavior 行為規(guī)范【同族詞】:encode v. 編碼,譯碼, 譯解decode vt.series n. 一系列,批,a. 串聯(lián)的; 成批的【注意】:serie

27、s 作“一套”的單數(shù)意思時(shí),跟單數(shù)動(dòng)詞,即使當(dāng) series緊接著 of 和一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)也是如此:A series oflectures is scheduled. 一套已安排好了;當(dāng)它有“一套或多套”的復(fù)數(shù)意思時(shí),則需跟復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞:Two series oflectures are scheduled, one for experts and one forlaypeople.兩套已安排好了,一套為專業(yè)準(zhǔn)備,一套為非專業(yè)準(zhǔn)備?!境R姶钆洹浚篴 series of booksa series of cells 電池組series of good harvests 連年豐收series 第一輯t

28、heernational series of monographs in (on)國(guó)際.專論叢集【用語(yǔ)】:a series of 一系列, 許多in series 連續(xù),逐次,按順序排列的,作為的in series with 與.串聯(lián), 與.相連【詞義辨析】:series,sequen和 chain 都含“依次排列的一uc連串事物等”的意思。series 指一連串彼此有聯(lián)系的人物或事件,如:a series of TV plays 電視連續(xù)?。籹equence 指在次序、字母順序、觀念、事物或因果等方面緊密聯(lián)系而不可分的系列,如:the sequence of events 一系列事件;指在時(shí)

29、間或次序上相連續(xù)的事物, 如: asucof errors 接二連三的錯(cuò)誤;chain 指連結(jié)在一suc起的一系列事物,如:a chain of ideas 一連串想法。apparent a. 顯然的,表面上的【常見搭配】: apparent cause 表面原因an apparent advantage 表面上的優(yōu)勢(shì)Theso-calleddistinctionbetnpureandappdn real. 理論科學(xué)家和應(yīng)用scientists are more apparent科學(xué)家所謂的區(qū)別是表面上的,而不是實(shí)際存在的?!驹~義辨析】:evident,obvious 和apparent 都含

30、“明顯的” 意思。evident多用于推理及抽象的事, 指“明顯的”,如:Its evidenttthe plan is impracticable.很明顯這計(jì)劃是不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的;obvious 指“容易知道或發(fā)現(xiàn), 無須解釋或證明的”, 如:Its obvioust a man isnt strong enough to lift an elephant.很明顯, 一個(gè)人是不能舉起大象的;apparent 含“一目了然的”的意思, 還可指“上容易理解的”,如:Itst you cant be trusted. 很顯然, 你是不賴apparent的?!就逶~】: apparently ad. 顯然

31、地adequacy n. 適當(dāng),充分,足夠【常見搭配】e.g. The se-owned commerl bis striving for a capital adequacy of8%. 這家國(guó)有商業(yè)正努力實(shí)現(xiàn) 8%的資本充足率?!就逶~】:adequate adj. 適當(dāng)?shù)? 足夠的adequay adv. 充分地ethnic a.( = ethnical)人種的,種族的【常見搭配】: ethnic minorities 少數(shù)民族【同族詞】:ethnically ad. 人種上, 民族上contrast n. 對(duì)比,相反,差異v. 使與.對(duì)照,和.形成對(duì)照【常見搭配】:brightness

32、 contrast 亮度對(duì)比There is a sharp contrast betn his earr and later works.他的早期作品和晚期作品截然不同。His research findings contrast with those of the previousresearchers. 他的研究結(jié)果和前人的結(jié)果形成鮮明的對(duì)比【用語(yǔ)】:in contrast with (to) 和.形成對(duì)比by contrast with 和.成對(duì)照; 和.比起來present (form) a striking contrast to 和.成顯著的對(duì)比contrast finely w

33、ith 和.對(duì)比起來更加鮮明【同族詞】:contrastive adj. 對(duì)比的output n. 產(chǎn)量,輸出,作品【構(gòu)詞分析】:out(在外面)put(擺放,提出)【常見搭配】:aggregate output 總生產(chǎn)額the annual output of steel 鋼的年產(chǎn)量the total value of industrial output 工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值data output 數(shù)據(jù)輸出【反義詞】:inputv. 輸入n. 收入job n. 工作,任務(wù),職務(wù),程序作業(yè)vi. 做零工,做經(jīng)紀(jì),假公濟(jì)私vt. 批發(fā), 承包,【常見搭配】:jobting 求職job descriptio

34、n 工作說明書【用語(yǔ)】:on the job 留心著,警惕著【同族詞】:jobless a. 失業(yè)的;n. 失業(yè)者n. 跳槽job-hopt vt. 找工作job-goal n. 目的,目標(biāo);得分【常見搭配】: academic goal 教學(xué)目的a common goal 一個(gè)共同的目標(biāo)ones goal in life 生活的目的(標(biāo))get (make, score) a goal 得一分, 踢進(jìn)一個(gè)球win by two goals 以兩球獲勝【用語(yǔ)】:kick a goal 踢進(jìn)一球knock sb. for a goal 給以狠命一擊, 把打昏在地;給予以良好的深刻的印象;(在、表

35、演等中)取得驚人的成績(jī)【同族詞】:goal-directeda. 有目的的goalkeeper n. (足球等運(yùn)動(dòng)的)守門員goallessa. 漫無目的的cycle n. 循環(huán),周期v. 循環(huán),輪轉(zhuǎn),騎自行車【常見搭配】:a vicious cycle 惡性循環(huán)business (trade) cycle 商業(yè)盛衰的循環(huán)a cycle of the seasons 四季的周期循環(huán)【同族詞】:cyclical a. 輪轉(zhuǎn)的, 循環(huán)的ernal a. 內(nèi)在的,固有的;國(guó)內(nèi)的*【構(gòu)詞分析】:前綴er-()+-n- + -al(的)【常見搭配】:ernal cause 內(nèi)因ernal airline

36、 國(guó)內(nèi)航線ernal medicine 內(nèi)科醫(yī)學(xué)審計(jì)ernal audit重組ernal restructuring【同族詞】:ernally adv. 在內(nèi), 在中心ernalize v. 使內(nèi)在化【反義詞】:external a. 外部的, 客觀的, (醫(yī))外用的,外國(guó)的, 表面的n. 度(數(shù)),維(數(shù)),元dimen【常見搭配】: of one dimen一維(度)的, 線性的of three dimens 三維(度)的,的of two dimens 二維(度)的, 平面的a problem of alarming dimens 警報(bào)范圍Velocity has the dimens o

37、f length divided by time.速度為長(zhǎng)度除以時(shí)間的量綱。What are the dimens of this language laboratory?這個(gè)語(yǔ)言的面積是多少?【同族詞】:dimenal a. 空間的resolve v. 分解,溶解,使下決心,決議vt. 解決【常見搭配】:resolve a解決resolve on a course of action 決定行動(dòng)過程a man of resolve 剛毅的人. 這混合物分解This mixture resolveso two substan成兩種物質(zhì)?!居谜Z(yǔ)】:be it resolved 茲決議, 決議如下t

38、 . 大會(huì)決議.The assembly resolvedkeep ones resolve 堅(jiān)持make a resolve to do sth.決心做某事【同族詞】:resolution n. 決議, 決心approximate a. 近似的,大約的v. 接近,約計(jì)【常見搭配】: an approximateysis 大概的分析the approximate time of the accident 事故的大致時(shí)間勾畫出嫌sketched an approximaikeness of the疑者的大致肖像The design approximates perfection. 這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)幾乎是

39、完美的。The approximate time is three oclock.大概的時(shí)間是三點(diǎn)鐘?!居谜Z(yǔ)】:(常與 to 連用)近似,相近,接近e.g. His description approximated to the truth but there were afew errors.他的描述與事實(shí)已經(jīng)接近,但是有一些錯(cuò)誤?!就逶~】:approximay adv. 近似地hence ad. 因此,所以,自此以后【常見搭配】:handmade and hence expensive 手工制造,因此很貴They grew uphe Sudan; hence theirerest in

40、Nubianart.他們?cè)谔K丹長(zhǎng)大;由是產(chǎn)生了對(duì)努比亞藝術(shù)的The town was built among the hills, hence the nameHilltown.該城鎮(zhèn)修建在群山之中, 故取名“山城”。seven years hence 從此時(shí)起七年以后,校長(zhǎng)principal n.a. 主要的,首要的【常見搭配】: principal of business house 商行the principal of a college 院長(zhǎng)the principal sum 資本, 本金the principal pos 要點(diǎn)【詞義辨析】:chief,principal,main,l

41、eading,foremost,primary 和prime這些形容詞指在等級(jí)或重要性上占首要地位的東西。Chief 指具有最高的一個(gè)人, 如: CEO( ChiefExecutive Officer)執(zhí)行,首席執(zhí)行官,用作比喻意義時(shí)chief 含有最大重要性或最大價(jià)值的意思,如:Her孩子們是她最大的。children were her chief joy.principal 適用于在等級(jí)、權(quán)力或意義上處于第一位的人或物,如:their principal source of entertaent 他們樂趣的第一來源。main 適用于在范圍、尺寸、或重要性上超過其它的東西,如:the mai

42、n building on the cus 校園里最主要的建筑物;leading 含有個(gè)人、成就或者影響他人的適合性或能力的意思,如:She is one ofns of the city. 她是城中最好的醫(yī)生之the leading physi一。foremost 同leading 有密切聯(lián)系,但更加強(qiáng)調(diào)第一的地位和遙遙領(lǐng)先于他人的含義,如:the foremost researchscientist of the day 現(xiàn)今處于最前列的研究科學(xué)家;primary 強(qiáng)調(diào)在、結(jié)果或者發(fā)展的意義上的第一位的,如:attending primary school 小學(xué),它也可以指在“基礎(chǔ)的”或“

43、根本的”意義上第一位的,如:The primarynd shelter. 住宅function of a house is to provide warm最基本的功能是提供溫暖,遮蔽風(fēng)雨;prime 適用于與其它東西相比較處于第一位的東西以及質(zhì)量最好的東西,如:a theory of prime significance 極具重要性的理論,prime veal 上等小牛肉。【同族詞】:principally ad. 主要地,首要attitude n. 態(tài)度,看法,【常見搭配】:an attitude of open hostility 公開的態(tài)度What is the Municipal Au

44、thoritys attitude to the proal ofa tunnel across the river? 市府對(duì)這過江隧道的提案看法?fast-glide attitude 高速滑翔姿態(tài)【用語(yǔ)】:方法; 看法, 觀點(diǎn)attitude of mindstrike (take up) an attitude of 擺出一種姿態(tài),裝模作樣me) an attitude of 采取.態(tài)度take (a【同族詞】: attitudinal adj. 態(tài)度的, 根據(jù)(或表示)個(gè)人態(tài)度的*retain vt. 保留,保持【構(gòu)詞分析】:前綴 re-(回)+ tain(拿),“拿回來”引申為“保留

45、”【常見搭配】: retain ones balance 保持平衡a retaining fee 聘用定金The Chiernment will retahe controllingerests在哪些重要工業(yè)in those key industrial companies.企業(yè)中會(huì)保留控股權(quán)?!就逶~】:retainable a. 可保留的,可記住的,可聘請(qǐng)的,可雇用的*promote vt. 促進(jìn);宣傳,促銷;【構(gòu)詞分析】:前綴 pro-(向前)+ mote(移動(dòng))【用語(yǔ)】: promote growth (prosperity, understanding) 促進(jìn)增長(zhǎng)(繁榮, 了解)be

46、 promoted (to be / to the rof) 被為【常見搭配】:It is expectedt the new agreement will promote thedevelopment of science and technology in the westernprovince. 人們希望該協(xié)議會(huì)促進(jìn)這一西部省份科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展。The company has invested USD 100m on TV commerls topromote their new products. 這家公司投資 1 億拍攝電視, 推銷其新產(chǎn)品。He has been promoted t

47、o the COO of the Greater China Area.他升職為大中華區(qū)的首席執(zhí)行官?!就逶~】: promotion n. 促進(jìn),,實(shí)現(xiàn),執(zhí)行*implement vt.n. 工具【構(gòu)詞分析】: 前綴 im-(進(jìn)入)+ ple(滿)+-ment(名詞后綴)“進(jìn)入”,引申為“實(shí)現(xiàn)”【常見搭配】: farming implements 農(nóng)具implement a contract 履行合同implement ones ideas 實(shí)施的設(shè)想implement the new procedures 實(shí)施新的程序Thecommitteesdeciswillbeimplemented的

48、決定將立即執(zhí)行。immediay.【同族詞】: implemenion n. 補(bǔ)充,工具,執(zhí)行sum n. 總數(shù),金額vt. 概括,總結(jié)【常見搭配】: sum total 總數(shù), 總計(jì)a good sum 可觀的金額the sum (and substance) of. 要點(diǎn), 要義,精義sum up the days news 概括了當(dāng)天的【用語(yǔ)】:a tidy sum 相當(dāng)巨大的款項(xiàng)in sum 大體上,一言以蔽之,總之the sum (and substance) of. 要點(diǎn),要義,精義sum total 總數(shù),總計(jì)sum up 總計(jì),概括,總結(jié),判斷,估量s n. 進(jìn)入,入門acvt

49、. 存取,接近【常見搭配】: acs to market 進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)s (館)開架閱覽open acs 易于接近easy of ac【用語(yǔ)】:be easy (hard, difficult) of acs 容易(難)接近give acs to 接見,準(zhǔn)許出入have (gain, get, obtain) acs to 得以接近,得以會(huì)見,得以進(jìn)入,得以使用s(館)開架閱覽open ace.g. Acs roads will be built to the airport from the larger towns nearby.附近大些的城鎮(zhèn)都會(huì)修建便捷的道路到機(jī)場(chǎng)。Do you ha

50、ve ac可以借s to the books館的書嗎?he university library?【同族詞】: acsible adj. 能接近的,易受影響的,好相處的*project n. 計(jì)劃,項(xiàng)目vt. 放映,計(jì)劃【構(gòu)詞分析】: 前綴 pro-(向前)+ ject(扔),“向前扔”引申為“投射、計(jì)劃”【常見搭配】:graduation project 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)demonstration project 示范項(xiàng)目projected aitive corporate image 傳達(dá)公司正面的形象project a film on the screen 把影片映在銀幕上【同族詞】:proje

51、ction n. 放映, 規(guī)劃, 方案,obvious a.明顯的,顯著的,顯而易見的【常見搭配】:an obvious advantage 顯著的優(yōu)勢(shì)an obvious political ploy 一個(gè)易被識(shí)破的政治手法【用語(yǔ)】:t很明顯,顯然t even if we can save much energy, we canIt is obviouse.g. It is obviousonly delay the energy crisis.很明顯,即使能節(jié)約很多能量,也只能推遲能源的到來?!就逶~】:obviously adv 明顯地,顯然【詞義辨析】:見apparentunderta

52、ke v. 承擔(dān),從事,保證【常見搭配】: undertake a task 開始進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)任務(wù)t 擔(dān)任一個(gè)職位undertake a【用語(yǔ)】:lf to do sth. 自己承擔(dān)某事undertake olf to care for an elderly relative 自己承擔(dān)關(guān)e.g.undertake o照年長(zhǎng)的親戚【同族詞】:undertaking n. 事業(yè), 企業(yè), 承諾option n. 選擇,取舍【常見搭配】:double option 雙方的取舍權(quán)task option 任務(wù)選擇認(rèn)購(gòu)權(quán)qualified stock option【用語(yǔ)】leave ones options

53、open 不表態(tài);留有回旋余地make ones option 進(jìn)行選擇at ones option 隨意have no option but to (do)除了.以外沒有他法,只好【詞義辨析】:choice,alternative,option,preference,selection 和 election這些名詞中都表示選擇的行為、能力或權(quán)力。choice 用途最廣泛,指從一組人或物中進(jìn)行選擇的,如:The store offersa wide choice of fruits and vegetables. 商店提供許多可供選擇的水果和蔬菜。I had no choicetheir de

54、ciwas final. 我沒有選擇的余地他們的決定已成定局;alternative 強(qiáng)調(diào)在只有兩種可能性或者行為方式之間所作的選擇,如:The wayternative road.這條路被擋住was blocked, so we went by了,因此走了另一條路; option 常常側(cè)重于已經(jīng)被等所授予的一種選擇能力或,如:The options betnacceptingthecandidatetheadministration proes andreconstituting the search committee. 可以在接受由提名的候選人以及重組選拔之間作出選擇。preferenc

55、e 指基于個(gè)人價(jià)值觀、偏見或偏好上的選擇,如:We were offered可以選擇自己喜歡的葡萄酒;our preference of wines.selection 含有可供選擇的許多不同的人或物的意思,如:Parents should exercise care in their selection of the moviestheir young children see. 家長(zhǎng)們?cè)跒樗麄兡暧椎暮⒆觽兲暨x所看的時(shí)應(yīng)謹(jǐn)慎;election特別強(qiáng)調(diào)選擇時(shí)使用判斷力,如:The universitymends the election of courses inition and liter

56、ature.校方建議選擇有關(guān)寫作與文學(xué)的課com程?!就逶~】: optional a. 任選的, 隨意的, 非強(qiáng)制的attribute vt. 把.歸因于,認(rèn)為n. 屬性,特質(zhì),標(biāo)志【常見搭配】:file attribute 文件屬性physical attribute 身體素質(zhì)er. 權(quán)杖是權(quán)力的標(biāo)志。A scepter is the attribute of【用語(yǔ)】e.g.attribute sth. to 認(rèn)為某事物是.的屬性; 把某事物歸功于The modern scientific method is usually attributed toGalileo.現(xiàn)代科學(xué)方法通常被認(rèn)為

57、是創(chuàng)造的。s to luck. 他把成功歸結(jié)為運(yùn)氣He attributed his suc好?!就逶~】: attribution n. 歸屬,歸因,屬性*communicate v. 傳達(dá),通訊,聯(lián)絡(luò),交流【構(gòu)詞分析】:前綴 com-(共同)+ mun(公共)-ic+-ate“大家共有”引申為“交流”【用語(yǔ)】:communicated the new dao our office 給傳送新資料與人聯(lián)絡(luò)communicate wicommunicate a secret 告知communicate a disease 傳染疾病The Minister for Foreign Airs has

58、 already communicated.部長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)跟on this event with the American就此事件交換過意見了。【同族詞】:communication n. 傳達(dá),信息,交通,通訊,預(yù)報(bào),預(yù)知*predict vt.【構(gòu)詞分析】:前綴 pre-(預(yù)先)+ dict(說),“預(yù)先說”引申為“”【常見搭配】: predict rain for tomorrow 預(yù)告明天有雨predict an eclipse 預(yù)報(bào)日(月)蝕The earthquake had been predicted several months before.這次早在幾個(gè)月以前就發(fā)布了預(yù)報(bào)?!驹~義

59、辨析】:predict,call,forecast,forel 和prognosticate 這些動(dòng)詞所共有的中心意思是“憑借特殊知識(shí)或推理在事情發(fā)生之前預(yù)先”:predict an eclipse 預(yù)報(bào)日(月)蝕;couldnte of the game 不能比賽結(jié)果;call theforecasting the weather 預(yù)報(bào)天氣;foretold the collapse of的; prognosticatingtheernmenta一場(chǎng)叛亂。rebellion【同族詞】:predictable a. 可預(yù)料的occupy vt. 占用,占據(jù),忙于,充任【常見搭配】:occupy

60、 a house 住在一所房子內(nèi)occupy a taxi 乘出租車occupy space 占空間occupy time 占時(shí)間occupies an importantition 充任要職【用語(yǔ)】:be occupied in 正在(做某事)occupy olf with 從事于., 忙于., 專心于.occupy olf in 從事于., 忙于., 專心于.e.g. The students are fully occupied with their graduation theses.學(xué)生們專心于的寫作?!就逶~】:occupation n. 職業(yè), 占有*confer vt. 授與,

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