牛津譯林版八年級英語上冊 Unit2 School life 知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)（WORD版無答案）

1、Unit2have to 與 musthave to側(cè)重客觀上的必須，譯為“不得不”must側(cè)重于個人意志和主觀上的必須must沒有時態(tài)的變化，而have to有時態(tài)的變化在否認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu)中，dont have to 表示“不必”，mustnt 表示“禁止”。句子：吉姆得待在家里照顧妹妹。Jim stay at home and for his little sister.關(guān)于hardadj.困難的；堅(jiān)硬的；努力的 adv.努力地，費(fèi)力地；大量地短語：努力學(xué)習(xí)句子：回答這些問題很困難。.冰像巖石一樣堅(jiān)硬。The ice is rocks.這些石頭太硬了。, 雨下得很大。.這個老人在費(fèi)力呼吸。The

2、old man is breathing .like作為介詞像，后接名詞，代詞或動詞的ing形式belike多指性格，品質(zhì)方面相像，也可指外貌或外表上的相像look like看起來像，側(cè)重外表相像e.g. What is your sister like?你姐姐怎么樣？ /你姐姐長什么樣？She is kind. /She is a beautiful girl with long hair.e.g. What does your sister look like?你姐姐長什么樣？She is tall and slim.句子：那就像聽音樂一樣。few, a few ; little, a l

3、ittle 區(qū)別The number of 與 a number of 區(qū)另UThe number of的數(shù)量 The number of the students in our class is fifty.A number of 許多,大量 修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) A number of students are running on the playground.How many students are there in your school ?spend, take, cost, pay 用法區(qū)別Spend主語是spendon；spenddoing sth.My brother spen

4、ds a lot of money on/buying books.Pay主語是pay for sth.; pay sb. for sth.How much money did you pay for the food?Take主語常是It takes sb. some time to do sth.It takes us an hour to practice playing basketball every day.Cost主語是The skirt cost me 300 yuan.have+一段時間+off休息（一段時間），放（一段時間的假）寒假他們將休息三個星期。They will t

5、he winter holiday.another+數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)=數(shù)詞+more+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)我還需要2本書。I need .=1 need also keep writing in English about my daily life.keep(on)doing sth,持續(xù)做某事keep sb./sth.doing sth,讓某人一直做某事daily adj.日常的，相當(dāng)于 everydayHe writes for the daily newspaper.他為那家日報(bào)撰稿。區(qū)分：everyday 與 every daydaily普通用詞，特指每天發(fā)生一次的，也可指按日計(jì)的。eve

6、ryday 一般日常用詞，指日常發(fā)生的、無須特別關(guān)心的。every day （分開寫）意為“每天”，在句中作狀語。As we all know, its not polite to keep others for a long time.A. waitB. waitedC. to waitD. waitinglook through瀏覽，快速查看Before you answer these questions, you5 d better look through them first.If you want to know more about space, please the book

7、 A brief History of Time.A. Look through B. look around C. look after D. look down uponHow long; how soon; how often 區(qū)另（IHow long多長時間；物體多長提問時間段，用for或since引出的時間短語（從句）回答How soon多久多用于將來時，用“in+一段時間”回答How often多久一次提問動作發(fā)生的頻率你在那待了多久？ 大約2周。這條河多長？大約15千米。他們要多久回來？他們2周后回來。你多久回家一次？一周一次。quite 和 veryquitequite+a （

8、n） +adj.+可數(shù)名詞單一個相當(dāng)不錯的男孩:他很喜歡數(shù)學(xué)。數(shù)；修飾動詞時放在動詞之前verya+very+adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；一個很不錯的男孩：very much修飾動詞，一般句末他很喜歡數(shù)學(xué)。Grammar如何比擬數(shù)量的多少a. 可用morethan結(jié)構(gòu)表示”比多”b.可用fewer/lessthan結(jié)構(gòu)表示“比少”，fewer后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，less后接不可數(shù)名詞丹尼爾學(xué)的科目比我少。Daniel studies.她在衣服上花的錢比你少。She三者或三者以上數(shù)量的比擬The most最多，后面可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞都可以The fewest/least表示最少，前者修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，后者

9、修飾不可數(shù)名詞在我們班鮑勃得分最多。Bob got in our class.在我們?nèi)齻€人中，安迪喝的橙汁最少。Andy drank of us three.Bob knows how to cut the cost of the project.T m sure he can do the work with money and people.A. less; less B. fewer ; more C. more ; fewer D. less; fewer副詞的比擬級和最高級的構(gòu)成. 一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以er,ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，比擬級在后面加-er,最高級在后面加est ; （1）單

10、音節(jié)詞如：smallsmallersmallest shorLshorteLshortesttalHtallertallest great-greater-greatest（2）雙音節(jié)詞如：clever-cleverer-cleverest narrownarrowernarrowest.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞，比擬在原級后加-r,最高級在原級后加-st ;如：largelargelargest nicenicer-nicest ableabler-ablest.在重讀閉音節(jié)（即：輔音+元音+輔音）中，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，比擬級加最高級加est ;如：bigbiggerbiggest ho

11、t-*hotter-*hottest fat-*fatter-*fattest.以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，把y改為i,比擬級加er,最高級加est ;如：easyeasier-easiest heavyheavier-heaviestbusy - busier-busiesthappy - happierhappiest.其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，比擬級在前面加more,最高級在前面加most ;如：beautifuHmore beautifuHmost beautifuldifferent-*more different-most differenteasily-*more easi

12、ly-most easily注意：（1）形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞the,副詞最高級前可不用.例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.（2）形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級的含義，只表示“非?！?It is a most important problem.=lt is a very important problem.有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比擬級和最高級是不規(guī)那么的，必須熟記.如：good-better-best wellbetterbestbadworseworst ilHworse-*worstold-*older/

13、elder-*oldest/eldestmany/much-moremost littleless-leastfar -further/farther- furthest/farthest副詞比擬等級的用法A+副詞的比擬級+than BHe works harder than you (d。助動詞代替v.).Sb. likes A better than B.和 B 比起來更喜歡 A She likes dancing better than B.Which/who -like better, A or B? Which sport do you like better, football o

14、r basketball ?副詞比擬級前可加much, a lot, far, even, a little等修飾成分來加強(qiáng)語氣。Tony jumps much higher than Jim.副詞的最高級副詞的最高級后通常有一定的比擬范圍，后跟of all -, of-Jn-, among等短語。副詞最高級前面的 the可以省去。Amy writes the most carefully in our class.You are speaking too fast. Can you speak a little ?A. more slowly B. most slowly C. more l

15、oudly D. most loudlyEmma looked after her pet dog of all her friends.A. careful B. most careful C. more carefully D. the most carefullyIn the piano contest, my brother didn t play well and I did .A. very well B. much better C. very good D. even worse小練習(xí)詞匯運(yùn)用There are a few differences between America

16、n and (Britain) English.The little girl practices (play) the piano for two hours every two days.If you (not be) careful, you won t be able to answer the question correctly.Who has the (few) comic books among you four?Millie and Simon (discuss) how to design the advertisement at the moment.We will do

17、 everything we can do to finish (discuss) the problem in half an hour.There are at (little) thirty people at the bus stop now.Which team (win) the basketball game last week ?My brother did even (bad) . He did (bad) of all the students in our class.10. I read an article完成句子(write) by a girl from the

18、USA yesterday. My uncle left the cinema when the movie was nearly over.(同義句)My uncle left the cinemaof the film. Sandy dances best of all the girls at her school.Sandy dancesgirls at her school.約翰比丹尼爾學(xué)的課程少，所以他的空閑時間比丹尼爾多。Daniel, so he hasslowly when we do theJohn studiesDaniel.、當(dāng)我們做自己不喜歡的事情時，時間似乎過得更慢

19、一些。Time things we dislike.5.他很懶惰，是他們班里讀書最少的。in his class.He is lazy andfew沒有幾個，幾乎沒有表示否認(rèn)意義修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)a few有幾個，有一些表示肯定意義little很少，幾乎沒有表示否認(rèn)意義修飾小可數(shù)名詞a little少量，一點(diǎn)兒表示很定意義句子：房間里幾乎沒有人。There are in the room.在美國，我有幾個朋友。玻璃杯里幾乎沒有水。There5 s in the glass.她懂一點(diǎn)兒英語。The physics problem is too hard, so students can work

20、it out.A. little B. few C. a little D. a few拓展：quite a few意為vacation n.假期(c./u.)多用于美式英語，英式英語常用holiday短語：在度假 去度假度假 寒/暑假句子:你的假期怎么樣？fall n.秋天;瀑布(c.)句子：瀑布多美啊！practise vi.練習(xí),操練 vt后接-ing形式e.g. My sister practises playing the piano every day.拓展：practice名詞“實(shí)踐，練習(xí)”常作不可數(shù)名詞，美式英語中亦可以作動詞你如果想學(xué)好英語，就需要大量的練習(xí)。French a

21、dj.法國的；法國人的；法語的 n.法語；法國人法國：句子：我喜歡法國葡萄酒。I like wine.這個年輕人來自法國。The young man is from .Learning foreign languages is fun.動名詞(短語)作主語單個的動名詞（短語）作主語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式句子：在陽光下看書對你的眼睛不好.is bad for your eyes.跑步是每天鍛煉的一個好方式。a good way every day.拓展：有些動名詞（短語）作主語的句子可以改為it作形式主語，動詞不定式作真正主語的句子Taking a walk after supper i

22、s good for our health.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）foreign adj.外國的 在句中作定語或表語學(xué)習(xí)一門外語不容易。拓展：foreigner n. (c.)外國人Are there any foreigners in your city?borrow, lend 與 keepborrow對主語而后是借入，指從別人或別處借東西，為非延續(xù)性動詞borrow sth. from sb./spl.從某人/某處借某物lend對主語而言是借出，指把自己的東西借給別人，為非延續(xù)性動詞Lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.將某物借給某人keep“持有”，指借用某物一段時間，為

23、延續(xù)性動詞Keep sth. for some time 借用某物一段時間句子：他從圖書館借了一本詞典。昨天我把我的自行車借給他了。這本書你可以借一周。usual adj.平常的，通常的;unusual adj.不同尋常的短語：像往常一樣; 一個平常的問題;不尋常的一天關(guān)于end n.末端，盡頭，末尾at the end of在 的末尾/盡頭；in the end 最后，終于=at last=finally這個月末我們要舉行一次測試。We will have a test .在街道的盡頭有一家醫(yī)院。There is a hospital 最后他做出了這道題目。He worked out the

24、 problem 拓展：by the end of到末為止：用于表示時間的場合，往往有不遲于的意味We are to complete the task by the end of the year. 年底之前我們必須完成此項(xiàng)任務(wù)。discuss vt.討論， 議論 discuss sth. discuss sth. with sb.句子：你們?yōu)楹尾缓湍銈兊睦蠋熡懻撘幌履兀客卣梗篸iscussion n.討論have a discussion about sth.就某事進(jìn)行討論seem連系動詞“似乎；好像；看來”，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：seem（系動詞）+形容詞二二seem to be+adj.好像，

25、似乎e.g.: He seems very angry.這本書似乎非常有趣。The book interesting.seem+名詞e.g.: He seems a nice manseem to do sth意為“似乎做某事，好像做某事”e.g.: It seems to rain.他好像要離開了。It seems that+從句 意為“看起來好像e.g.: It seemed that he was very happy.似乎你是對的。offer vt.主動提出，自愿給予offer的主要用法：offer sth.提供某物他給我們的假期提了一個好的計(jì)劃。He a good plan our holiday.offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.主動給某人提供某物他端給我一杯酒。He a glass of wine.offer to do sth.主動提出做某事湯姆主動提出開車送我們?nèi)ス财囌?。Tom the bus station.win vt,贏得，贏，獲勝 過去式： 名詞： （獲勝者c.）賓語常是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭或獎賞等詞語 如：race, match