新聞英文翻譯和技巧

1、新聞英文翻譯和技巧 Teaching Objectives:1. Have a good understanding of stylistic features concerning English news (45 minutes);2. Have a good master of the skills used in translating headline, jargon, slang, idiom and new coined words. (90 minutes).3. Be aware of some strategies adopted in translating metaph

2、ors (45 minutes).4. Have an analysis of either good translated versions or mistranslated ones. (90 minutes)新聞英語新聞英語是在新聞學(xué)、傳播學(xué)、社會學(xué)、政治學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)等多種學(xué)科和語體的綜合影響下所形成的，因而頗具研究價值。新聞英語作為一種應(yīng)用語言，因其所具有的特殊性，已逐漸從普通英語中獨(dú)立出來，其用詞造句等方面也與普通英語有著不少差異，從而使之成為一種具有鮮明語言形式和文體特點(diǎn)的語言資料。Part I. 語言特征一、標(biāo)題語言 二、新聞詞匯一、標(biāo)題語言省略時態(tài) 語態(tài)標(biāo)點(diǎn)黑體1省略省略指省去非

3、關(guān)鍵性詞語。標(biāo)題原來都是一個完整的句子，但為了起到言簡意賅的效果，從而突出重要內(nèi)容，標(biāo)題中常常刪略去某些語法成分或虛詞，如：冠詞連詞“and”人稱關(guān)系代詞系動詞 “to be”1)冠詞基本省略 Top Pakistan judge dismissed after refusing to take oath(= A top Pakistan judge dismissed after refusing to take oath)China sees housing as engine to drive economy(China sees housing as an engine to driv

4、e the economy)Hungry dog saves abandoned baby(=A hungry dog saves an abandoned baby)Location of 2003 Grammy undecided The Location of the 2003 Grammy Awards undecided 2)連詞“and”的省略，通常用逗號代替 China，US warned of repeat of Cold WarChina and US warned of repeat of Cold WarPlatinum, diamond market sparkling

5、Platinum and diamond market sparklingU.S., Vietnam resume talksU.S. and Vietnam resume talks3)人稱關(guān)系代詞的省略 Daewoo to increase investment in China Daewoo to increase its investment in ChinaMother，Daughter Share Fulbright YearA Mother and Her Daughter Share a Fulbright Year4)連系動詞的省略 Shanghai worried abou

6、t surge of accidentsShanghai is worried about surge of accidentsThree dead after inhaling oven gasThree are dead after inhaling oven gasCourses on Practical Skills Popular with StudentsCourses on Practical Skills remain Popular with 2008 Olympic security budget ready for approval2008 Olympic securit

7、y budget is ready for approval5)助動詞的省略 China urged to speed up scientific pursuitsChina is urged to speed up scientific pursuitsMoscows food prices soaringMoscows food prices are soaring2時態(tài)(Tense)一般現(xiàn)在時 一般將來時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 A.一般現(xiàn)在時 Present tense is often used for something that happened in the past. For exampl

8、e,Car bombs kill 7, wound 19Car bombs killed 7, wounded 19汽車連環(huán)爆炸，7死19傷A.一般現(xiàn)在時Comeback gives China a sensational Thomas cup winThe comeback gave China a sensational Thomas cup win中國隊(duì)反敗為勝，榮獲湯姆斯杯Husband and Wife Team Unlocks New Gene SecretsThe Husband and Wife Team Unlocked New Gene Secrets夫妻聯(lián)手解開新的基因奧

9、秘B. 一般將來時 The infinitive is often used for something that will happen. For example,Wheat harvest to enhance food security小麥豐收將加強(qiáng)食品安全US$3M fund to aid poor college students300萬美元將用于資助貧困大學(xué)生C. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時The present participle is often used for something that is happening, while the past participle is mostly

10、 used for the passive voice rather than the past tense. For example, Across US residents (are) opening homes to Katrina refugees全美居民為“卡特里娜” 颶風(fēng)災(zāi)民敞開家園US congress (is) sending $ 10.5B in relief aid美國國會送出105億美元救濟(jì)金3.語態(tài)標(biāo)題中的動詞表示被動語態(tài)時，被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中“be+過去分詞”形式中的助動詞“be”通常被省略，也經(jīng)常不用“by”來引導(dǎo)動作的執(zhí)行者，剩下的過去分詞在英文新聞標(biāo)題里就可直接表示

11、被動意義。For example, New concepts (are) wanted to solve water shortage 解決水資源匱乏所需的新觀念U.S. (was) attacked 美國遭襲4標(biāo)點(diǎn)（Punctuations）英文標(biāo)題一貫注重結(jié)構(gòu)精煉，并不使用所有的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號。即便使用某個標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號，其主要目的不外乎兩種，一是區(qū)分表示各句子成分句群之間的關(guān)系；二則旨在進(jìn)一步節(jié)省標(biāo)題字?jǐn)?shù)?，F(xiàn)簡要介紹一下標(biāo)題中常見的幾種標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的用法：逗號（and），破折號（say or for further explanation），冒號（say or verb “be”）見（P143）5.黑體

12、為了達(dá)到奪目的效果，新聞報道的標(biāo)題多用黑體，與導(dǎo)語和正文相比字號較大并且多為居中型左對齊倒金字塔型?！氨纠潜粨魯馈钡挠⒄Z新聞報道中，紐約時報的標(biāo)題是黑體居中，而新華社新聞網(wǎng)的相關(guān)閱讀欄的標(biāo)題很多是倒金字塔形，如： 5.黑體Bin Laden Is Dead, Obama Says (The New York Times) Killing bin Laden more symbolic than actual meaning 二、新聞詞匯的特點(diǎn) 用詞簡明扼要 借用人、物名稱 新詞層出不窮 生造詞新穎別致縮略語屢見不鮮 時髦詞過目難忘1. 用詞簡明扼要（Short and simple word

13、s are preferred）記者喜愛用簡潔易懂的詞匯來吸引讀者、節(jié)約版面。新聞報道的詞匯特征可以概括如下：運(yùn)用較多短小精悍的詞匯頻繁使用縮略詞用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字代替英語單詞表示數(shù)量“說”的表達(dá)方法變換多樣如中國日報和紐約時報“拉登被擊斃”的報道中，“說”的詞匯有：say, announce, declare, urge, call, tell, warn, confirm, add，眾多“說”詞可以避免用詞重復(fù)和單一。1. 用詞簡明扼要Call for probe into US banking practices.Twists and Turns on Way to Arms Pact wit

14、h Russia.World eyes mid-East peace talksBeijing: Tokyo must back words with actions 中國認(rèn)為：日本必須拿出行動來支持自己的言論Suspects held Suspects are arrested.1. 用詞簡明扼要 cut= blast = top = tie = aid = bar= drop =More examples:reductionexplosionexceed relationassistancepreventdecrease 1. 用詞簡明扼要hit, wreck, hurt, ruin=da

15、magedrop, give up, quit, skip, yield=abandonblast, ram, crash, smash=explode2.借用人、物名稱 新聞報道中經(jīng)常借用人名、地名、物名等專有名詞來表示某一意思，例如:用首都名稱代表某國政府用建筑物的名稱代表有關(guān)的組織機(jī)構(gòu)既生動形象又便于理解，這也是新聞英語的一大特點(diǎn)。 2.借用人、物名稱White House Pentagon Elephant 指美國共和黨；HollywoodWall Street Downing Street 指英國首相府英國首相英國政府英國內(nèi)閣等。2.借用人、物名稱How White House Ma

16、naged the News？ 白宮如何控制新聞?World Leaders Line up for White House Attention. 各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人競相爭取白宮的重視。Big Banks Paid Billions in Bonuses Amid Wall St. Crisis.3.新詞層出不窮貶義詞的詞義升格(elevation)。如：“evil, nasty, terrible, crazy, mad ,wild, awesome, wicked” 等形容詞被青年人用作“棒極了，好極了”的同義詞。憤世嫉俗的青年人創(chuàng)造了大量含有嘲諷鄙視意味的新詞，如: airhead 傻瓜(尤指相

17、貌姣好愚昧無知的女性) 、 bimbo花瓶式美女、 himbo草包美男子、 toyboy (被比自己年長的女性包養(yǎng)的)玩具男伴等。 3.新詞層出不窮信息技術(shù)發(fā)展的革命,也使得新詞語大量涌現(xiàn)，如：cybercash(電子貨幣)；cybercrime(電腦犯罪)；cyberculture(網(wǎng)絡(luò)文化)；netizen(網(wǎng)民)；e-waste(電子垃圾)；bioengineering(生物工程)；deglobalisation(去全球化)等。3.新詞層出不窮漢語新詞的英譯，如 ：可持續(xù)發(fā)展 sustainable development風(fēng)險投資 risk investment虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí) virtual

18、reality網(wǎng)上購物 shopping online知識經(jīng)濟(jì) knowledge-based economy 3.新詞層出不窮民辦學(xué)校non-government-run school國有企業(yè)state-owned enterprise下崗職工laid-off worker售后服務(wù)after-sale service轉(zhuǎn)基因食品 genetically-modified foods3.新詞層出不窮股份制企業(yè)share-holding enterprise擇業(yè)觀念job-seeking idea應(yīng)試教育exam-oriented education軟著陸經(jīng)濟(jì)soft-landing econom

19、y3.新詞層出不窮開放政策opening-to-the-outside-world policy421綜合征four-two-one syndrome一次償還信貸 non-installment；用工荒 labor shortage；哈租族 hire clan3.新詞層出不窮不 感 冒 have no interest 暢 通 工 程 Smooth Traffic Project倡議書 initial written proposal植入式廣告 product placement蝸居 pigeonhole吃香 be very popular，be most welcome，be in grea

20、t demand；4.生造詞新穎別致具有安慰或美化作用的委婉語應(yīng)運(yùn)而生舊詞新義臨時造詞具有安慰或美化作用的委婉語應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，如：welfare mother jobless mother 失業(yè)母親entitlement (s) program social security program社會保障等計(jì)劃the oldest profession in the world prostitution 賣淫業(yè)preemptive action aggression侵略the South，the Third World，the developing nations，the underdeveloped

21、nations the poor nations舊詞新義，如：chemistry 原意化學(xué)，現(xiàn)指人際關(guān)系screen-saver face原意為屏幕保護(hù)，現(xiàn)指百無聊賴臨時造詞，如：American-led fight against terrorism美國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的反恐戰(zhàn)爭 high- value target 重要目標(biāo) futurology未來學(xué) Weightism 對胖人的歧視 5.縮略語屢見不鮮 在措辭上，用來指代特殊機(jī)構(gòu)、專有名詞或人名和地名的縮略詞，縮略詞可以分為： Acronym InitialismClipped Words A. Acronym Acronym: a word fo

22、rmed from the first letters of the words that make up the name of sth., and pronounced as a word. For example, AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome (艾滋病)Dink double income, no kidsNilkno income, lots of kidsB. Initialism Initialism: a word formed from the first letters of the words that make up

23、the name of sth., and pronounced as letters. For example,WHO the World Health Organization FAO Food and Agriculture Organization BBS Bulletin Board System FAQ Frequently Asked QuestionsC. Clipped Words Lib= liberation cric=criticpro=professional cig = cigarettead=advertisement grad=graduateexam= exa

24、mination nuke = Nuclear C. Clipped Wordsauto = automobile ped=pedestrian sec=secretaryphone=telephone copter = helicopter flu=influenza fridge=refrigerator6.拼綴詞過目難忘 newscastnews十broadcast(新聞廣播)atobombatom + bomb(原子彈)blacketeer black marketer (黑市商人)cinemanufacturer cinema manufacturer(電影制片商);6.拼綴詞過目難

25、忘fruice fruit + juice (果汁)slanguage slang + language(俚語)politburopolitical bureau (政治局)teleceivertelevision receiver(電視接收機(jī))英語新聞報道的文體風(fēng)格.pdf芻議英語新聞的文體學(xué)特征_以_本_拉登被擊斃_的報道為例.pdf中英文網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞報道的文體對比.pdfPart II. 譯技講解一、新聞標(biāo)題的漢譯 二、行業(yè)用語的漢譯三、新聞中俚（俗）語的漢譯四、如何譯好慣用語五、如何譯好新詞語一、新聞標(biāo)題的漢譯直譯意譯添加注釋不可少 省略 原文修辭須再現(xiàn) 差異處理要靈活巧用漢語四字格 1.

26、直譯 Astronauts cheered in Houston 宇航員在休斯敦歡慶勝利 Korean scientists clone first dog韓國科學(xué)家首次克隆出狗Baby geniuses save the world?!神童拯救世界New Potter book breaks sales records哈利波特打破銷售記錄 2.意譯New Potter book breaks sales records哈利波特再創(chuàng)銷售神話 By their colors you should know them 歐洲色彩時尚Ground Zero rebuilding plans revea

27、led.世貿(mào)遺址重建計(jì)劃公之于眾。The Chinese Market, A Bottomless Pit 中國市場潛力巨大3. 添加注釋不可少(Amplification)由于布局有限，英語題目通常省略一些成分，譯者應(yīng)將這些省略的部分還原并且翻譯出來讓讀者清晰地理解標(biāo)題，使標(biāo)題更加突出。如：GOP (Grand Old Party) Shakedown Cruise共和黨的競選試航揭開序幕 Sony headless chicken ad mocks French World Cup team索尼無頭公雞廣告嘲笑法國隊(duì)世界杯出局 3. 添加注釋Sharapova jumps to No.1

28、in WTA rankings俄羅斯名將莎拉波娃登上世界女子職業(yè)網(wǎng)球協(xié)會頭號女單寶座China demands for bombing probe and apology中國要求北約就轟炸中國駐南使館進(jìn)行全面調(diào)查和道歉 the real James Bond? 誰是真正的幫德？ Quake death toll tops 5000日本阪神地震死亡人數(shù)已逾五千 4.省略（Omission）Animal world captured in movies 電影中的動物世界the battle of human versus computers at chess人機(jī)象棋大戰(zhàn)Her husband is

29、 a man in a womans world泡在女人堆里的男人 5. 原文修辭須再現(xiàn)為了增強(qiáng)新聞的吸引力，可使用恰當(dāng)?shù)男揶o手法讓新聞標(biāo)題更加生動讓讀者難忘。修辭方法的使用都取決于讀者的理解程度。因此，譯文應(yīng)該保持原文的修辭手法并將其改成相應(yīng)的中文修辭手法，從而達(dá)到忠于源語言文本的目的。如： 5. 原文修辭須再現(xiàn)1）押韻和活用諺語A bowl of soup a day could keep the pounds at bay. 一天一碗湯，脂肪減光光。 一天一碗湯，苗條又健康。2）借代Barcelona moves to keep bikinis off the streets.巴塞羅那不

30、歡迎街頭“泳衣客”。6. 差異處理要靈活 Swine flu not just a threat to young.甲流不只“愛”年輕人Fly me to the moon? Thatll be $100 million你想到月球旅行嗎？一億美元讓你夢想成真。Harry Potter bewitches Guantanamo Bay prisoners哈利波特施魔法 迷倒關(guān)塔那摩監(jiān)獄犯人Is “globalization” helping or hurting? 全球化：幸耶不幸？7. 巧用漢語習(xí)語、四字格 Making good use of the grace and beauty of

31、the Chinese languageDaughter praises “Papy” Chirac希拉克政壇失意 干女兒贊譽(yù)有加Women getting rich faster than men in UK巾幗不讓須眉 英國女人比男人富得快 Saving labor for a Rainy day儲蓄勞務(wù) 未雨綢繆Stepping up to the Firing line裁人難，難于上青天Exercises: Put the following titles into Chinese:Man recalls being first Disneyland visitor迪斯尼樂園第一位游客

32、憶往昔時光Schroeder “nominated for Nobel peace price”對伊戰(zhàn)說“不”，施羅德獲諾貝爾和平獎提名Melting ice displaces Alaska walrus全球變暖 海象“搬家”Singles are happy poll調(diào)查: 單身也快樂!Mooncakes acquire networking flavor月餅“變味”了?Student unearths Einstein paper荷蘭大學(xué)生無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)愛因斯坦手稿Maradona owns up to “Hand of God”馬拉多納首次承認(rèn)“上帝之手”Supplementary Rea

33、ding從功能翻譯理論看英語新聞標(biāo)題的翻譯.kdh論等值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與新聞標(biāo)題翻譯.kdh淺論語義翻譯和交際翻譯在新聞標(biāo)題翻譯中的應(yīng)用.kdh順應(yīng)論指導(dǎo)下新聞標(biāo)題翻譯策略的選擇和運(yùn)用.kdh二、行業(yè)用語的漢譯 報刊新聞就像一個萬花筒，時間、空間有限但題材包羅萬象，涉及到政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、科技、外交、文化、體育、宗教、法律各個行業(yè)，不熟悉地域方言與行話往往會造成誤譯。二、行業(yè)用語的漢譯In the whole operation, the soldier kept a clear head because he was given a local anesthesia and could go out

34、of the operation room himself.在整個手術(shù)中，那位軍人的神志一直是清醒的，因?yàn)閷λ捎玫氖钱?dāng)?shù)芈樽矸椒?，他可以自己走出手術(shù)室。I do not have a crystal ball. I cannot predict how long it will take.誤譯：我沒有水晶球。我無法預(yù)計(jì)它會持續(xù)多久。改譯：我不能預(yù)見將來的情況，所以不清楚會談將持續(xù)多久。一條龍服務(wù) one package service 產(chǎn)運(yùn)銷一條龍 integral coordination in manufacturing, distribution and marketing 碰頭會a

35、brief meeting讓利銷售cut-price sales三、新聞中俚（俗）語的漢譯英語新聞用詞的另一個顯著特征就是使用大量的和時事緊密相連的俗語和俚語，既迎合了社會各階層的口味，生動詼諧，通俗易懂，又豐富了語言色彩，簡練貼切，增強(qiáng)可讀性。如：三、新聞中俚（俗）語的漢譯SO CIG OF CRUNCHRecession has Shameless effect as fag sales rocket. Broke Brits continue to be dragged down by the credit crunch - turning to booze and fags to be

36、at the recession blues. And in a desperate bid to save cash on weekly bills, hard-up families are ditching healthy fruit n veg and gorging on cheap junk food instead.三、新聞中俚（俗）語的漢譯標(biāo)題中的cig (香煙) 是俚語；副標(biāo)題中的fag (香煙 )是口語詞；文中broke (破產(chǎn)的)，Brit (英國人)和booze (豪飲) 均是俗語；ditch (拋開) 和 fruit n veg (水果蔬菜) 也是俚語。三、新聞中俚（

37、俗）語的漢譯wheeler dealer 機(jī)靈鬼、善于交際brain drain 人才外流play hooky 逃學(xué)to come down to brasstacks 照直說，不要拐彎抹角 cancer stick 香煙apple-polishing 拍馬屁clock watcher 干活磨洋工 bottle-man 酒瓶子 三、新聞中俚（俗）語的漢譯babbling brook 比喻愛嘮叨的女人 hound dog 用來形容追逐女人成性的色鬼Hit the hay. 睡覺吧He is pretty lousy. 那人真差勁兒Have a fag. 抽支煙Look at that chick

38、. 瞧那個妞兒準(zhǔn)確理解原文Michey Mouse 易對付的課 A Big Moment 心上人/心肝寶貝 have a bun in the oven 有了/有喜了 準(zhǔn)確理解原文He is dead drunk, and he is now driving the big bus.他喝個爛醉，現(xiàn)在在衛(wèi)生間扶著“方向盤”大吐呢？ -Is she straight?-她長得端好嗎？-她不是同志吧？ 漢英語義等值體現(xiàn) He got a crush on Mary ever since high school get a crush on somebody 迷上某人、迷戀某人、喜歡某人 四、如何譯好

39、慣用語 如何譯好慣用語（見P153-154）五、如何譯好新詞語 “詞無定譯，譯無定則”。翻譯新詞語時，可以采取多種方式把意思表達(dá)清楚。 直譯直譯加解釋 意譯 音譯 (音譯加注) 代換法 1.直譯和諧社會 harmonious society假日經(jīng)濟(jì) holiday economy西部大開發(fā) Development of the West Region集體婚禮 mass wedding ceremony 2.直譯加解釋漢語新詞語產(chǎn)生于中國獨(dú)特的語言、文化環(huán)境中，具有鮮明的民族特色。受語言、文化差異影響，很多新詞語英譯時，簡單的直譯有時還不能完全表達(dá)其特定含義，在直譯后附加解釋說明。采用“直譯+注

40、釋”的方法，可以使詞的語義內(nèi)涵完整地傳遞給譯入語讀者。 2.直譯加解釋三包 three guarantees (for repair，replacement or compensation of faulty products;安居工程 Comfortable Housing Project（for low income urban residents）； 三講 three-stress (stress theoretical study, political awareness and integrity)2.直譯加解釋Locals have come to know the new pro

41、jects by wry nicknames: the futuristic 90, 000-seat National Olympic Stadiumis the “birds nest”. The equally stunning National Aquatics Center,that looks like bubble wrap, is known as the “water cube”. Then theres the “ducks egg”, the National Opera HouseAnd perhaps most breathtaking of all is the n

42、ew headquartersforCCTV. The two 230-meter-high L-shaped towers lean into each other to form a vertiginous loop; local wags call it “trouser legs”.3.意譯塞翁失馬，焉知非福 A loss may turn out to be a gain.白色收入 legal income黑色/灰色收入 illegal income紅色網(wǎng)站 politically-minded/oriented web3.意譯彩信 multimedia message吃大鍋飯 ge

43、t an equal share regardless of the work done; be treated the same despite the differences in working attitude and contribution4.音譯 (音譯加注) 有些詞文化色彩濃厚，翻譯時很難找到與之相對應(yīng)的詞來表達(dá)， 用其他方法翻譯又難以體現(xiàn)其含義和色彩，這時可用音譯法。如：炒面chow mien麻將mah- jong功夫kung fu4音譯 (音譯加注)In private, hes been known to accompany her singing by playing

44、a Chinese fiddle, or erhu. Beijing preservationists lament the disappearance of charming residential lanes known as hutonga Mongol word for “alleyway”, many of which have been razed to make way for wide, modern boulevards. 5. 代換法代換法指在保留原文交際意義的基礎(chǔ)上，用譯文概念意義不同、語用意義相近的詞來代替原詞。 炒魷魚： give sb. the sack; give

45、 sb. the pink slip 二進(jìn)宮: be put into prison again；be put into prison a second time; get inside again；譯技講解Part III. 譯理融會一、漢譯比喻手法的若干原則二、新聞?wù)`譯現(xiàn)象例析一、漢譯比喻修辭的若干原則保留喻體替換喻體 舍“形”取“義”1. 保留喻體Hes as sly as a foxHes foxy. Youve got to watch himYou ass! You stupid ass! How could you do a thing like that？The Childre

46、n were as busy as bees，making preparations for the festival2. 替換喻體as hungry as a bear Lock the stable door after the horse is stolen. When the cat is away, the mice will play.ass in a lions skin 狐假虎威shed crocodile tears kill two birds with one stone3. 舍“形”取“義” The car we bought last year is a white

47、elephant; it uses a lot of petrol and breaks down again and again.我們?nèi)ツ曩I的那部車成了我們沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)；它既耗費(fèi)汽油，還一次又一次地拋錨。George was always the black sheep of the family.喬治始終是家中的敗家子。3. 舍“形”取“義”She is a descent of the Qing Dynasty, and she is very proud of having blue blood in her veins.她是清皇室的后裔，她為她的高貴血統(tǒng)感到非常驕傲。He left p

48、oor and later returned with ship coming home.他離開時貧窮，但后來衣錦還鄉(xiāng)。Everybody thinks he is an exporter, but I know he is sailing under false colors. He smuggles arms.人人都以為他是出口商，但我知道他是掛羊頭賣狗肉的，他專門走私軍火。二、新聞?wù)`譯現(xiàn)象例析詞匯理解不到位語法分析不精準(zhǔn)政治立場不明朗1. 詞匯理解不到位理解準(zhǔn)確是翻譯準(zhǔn)確的前提。詞匯只有置于具體的語境中才有意義，也只有根據(jù)具體語境確定某個詞匯的準(zhǔn)確含義，這是正確翻譯的第一步。有的新聞譯員

49、，往往就詞論詞地死譯，不求甚解，忽略了新聞英語的詞匯特點(diǎn)，如一詞多義、新聞慣用語、新詞和典故的使用等等。具體說來，對新聞英語中詞匯的誤解誤譯有以下幾種情形。1. 詞匯理解不到位對多義詞缺乏了解 對慣用語缺乏了解 對英語詞匯新發(fā)展缺乏了解 對西方社會常識和文化缺乏了解 對專業(yè)知識缺乏了解 對港臺譯文的盲信 1、對多義詞缺乏了解Neither Michael Jackson nor his attorney showed up Wednesday for a hearing in a civil case that accuses the pop star of sexual assaulting

50、 an 18-year-old during the 1984 Worlds Fair.誤譯:本周三，指控邁克杰克遜在1984年世博會期間對一名18歲少年進(jìn)行性侵犯的文職案件進(jìn)行了預(yù)審，流行歌星杰克遜本人及其律師均未出席。1、對多義詞缺乏了解The former White House intern repeatedly implied that she possessed compromising information about Clinton, which was, if publicized, liable to harm his re-election presidency.誤譯：

51、這名前白宮實(shí)習(xí)生多次暗示，她掌握著克林頓的妥協(xié)性情況，這些材料公布出來會危及克林頓能否連任總統(tǒng)。compromising在此意為 “對造成損害的，殃及名譽(yù)的”。2）對慣用語缺乏了解Those who had opposed the war were told that they should now eat their own words.誤譯：那些曾經(jīng)反對戰(zhàn)爭的人被告之，如今他們該自食其言了。改譯：那些曾經(jīng)反對戰(zhàn)爭的人被告之，如今他們該承認(rèn)前言有失了。2）對慣用語缺乏了解The gunman enjoyed violent computer games and kept his parent

52、s in the dark about his expulsion from school, police said Sunday.誤譯:警方稱，持槍者喜歡玩暴力的電腦游戲，并就被學(xué)校開除一事使他的父母陷于黑暗中。改譯:警方稱，持槍者喜歡玩暴力的電腦游戲，并向父母隱瞞他被學(xué)校開除之事。3）對英語詞匯新發(fā)展缺乏了解trench warfare 塹壕戰(zhàn) 墨守成規(guī)、缺乏靈活性而很難克敵制勝的戰(zhàn)斗smokeout 戒煙運(yùn)動e-cruiting 網(wǎng)上招聘splitsville 處在正式離婚邊緣的夫妻B2B 企業(yè)對企業(yè)交易 3）對英語詞匯新發(fā)展缺乏了解If you are lucky to be touc

53、hed by an angel, remember your 3 Ks: Know your market, Know the people in your market, be Known.如果你有幸受到某位天使投資者的垂青，謹(jǐn)記三個“了解”：了解你的市場，了解市場中的人，被了解。angel被賦與了新含義，“在新生的高科技企業(yè)投資的人”。4）對西方社會常識和文化缺乏了解作為社會事件的及時記錄，英語新聞涉及到西方社會的自然、歷史、文化、國情等，而中西方在這些方面的差異，正是新聞漢譯面臨的又一難題。稍有不慎，便會因?yàn)槿狈ΤＷR而誤譯，貽笑大方。 There is typically more cr

54、ime and drugs in inner-city schools, than schools located in rural areas.誤譯：常見的情況是，市內(nèi)學(xué)校的犯罪和吸毒現(xiàn)象比農(nóng)村學(xué)校多。5）對專業(yè)知識缺乏了解In the whole operation, the soldier kept a clear head because he was given a local anesthesia and could go out of the operation room himself.誤譯：在整個手術(shù)中，那位軍人的神志一直是清醒的，因?yàn)閷λ捎玫氖钱?dāng)?shù)芈樽矸椒āＫ梢宰约鹤叱?/p>

55、手術(shù)室。6）對港臺譯文的盲信資訊科技的發(fā)展，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及，為大陸與港澳臺和海外華語新聞界帶來了頻繁的交流機(jī)會。這一方面開闊了我們的視野，另一方面卻令一些人忽略了傳統(tǒng)文化規(guī)范，盲目照搬外來說法，如將 pooling effect(聚合效應(yīng))硬說成“洼地效應(yīng)”，把selling point一律抄成銅臭味十足的“賣點(diǎn)”，殊不知還有“優(yōu)點(diǎn)”、“長處”的譯法更加忠實(shí)質(zhì)樸。2. 語法分析不精準(zhǔn)從句法角度看，新聞英語標(biāo)題的最大特點(diǎn)就是省略，如冠詞、介詞、連詞、助動詞的省略等，以縮短標(biāo)題的長度，言簡意賅。但這種省略也很容易造成新聞譯員的誤譯。如： Blair caught up in seats-for-sal

56、e probe.誤譯:布萊爾趕上“鬻爵”調(diào)查。改譯:布萊爾卷入“鬻爵”調(diào)查。3. 政治立場不明朗公正、客觀是人們對新聞的基本要求。但由于新聞離不開所處社會的文化、意識形態(tài)等主觀傾向的影響，看似公正透明的西方媒體，實(shí)質(zhì)上也有嚴(yán)重的傾向性。在國際信息交流的過程中，西方大國在很大程度上操縱著國際輿論的話語權(quán)。一些譯文“有時很難擺脫西方霸權(quán)語氣的負(fù)面影響”，人云亦云，不知不覺丟失了自己的政治立場。1）政治立場的喪失The White House insisted the meetings outcome would have no bearing on Bushs pending decision t

57、his month on whether to sell advanced destroyers to Taiwan, which China considers a renegade province.美國媒體賦予了a renegade province復(fù)雜的含義，我們?nèi)绻患偎妓髡諉沃弊g成“叛亂省”，便會出現(xiàn)原則性的失誤，不妨將這一非限制性定語從句省去不譯。2）語氣欠斟酌King said that it is believed the rebel fighters, while loyal to Hekmatyar, have sympathies and possible links

58、to the ousted Taliban and Al-Qaida.誤譯：金認(rèn)為，這些忠于希克馬蒂亞爾的叛亂分子，同情被推翻的塔利班和“基地”組織，并可能與他們有牽連?！芭褋y分子”具有明顯的貶義色彩。如果能譯為“反政府武裝”，則更能體現(xiàn)中國在國際事務(wù)中公正的政治立場。譯理融會Part IV.拙譯舉偶一、歐式中文（見P163-165）二、熟詞硬譯（見P165-167）三、忽略內(nèi)涵（見P167-169）四、“洋”而不“化”（見P169-170）一、歐式中文 缺乏語用知識，不注意表達(dá)得體性。 如：even in a pre-historic cave 即使在史前的山洞里改譯：即使在史前的穴居年代里

59、 to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way基于家庭幸福源于孩子這一假設(shè)而增加孩子的數(shù)量改譯：出于多子多福的觀念而多生孩子 among those prominent summer deaths在那些著名的、青壯年時期便去世的人物當(dāng)中改譯：在那些英年早逝的杰出人物當(dāng)中 二、熟詞硬譯 由于英語基本功欠缺，導(dǎo)致對英譯漢中原文理解和漢譯英中表達(dá)的失誤。英譯漢中原文理解失誤主要表現(xiàn)在缺乏語境和語篇意識，對英語詞匯多義性認(rèn)識不足，詞義理解不透徹，詞義掌握片面單一。如：line-caught fi