人教版新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)　介詞和介詞短語

1、語法專項提升語法專題三介詞和介詞短語 英 語2022高中總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計GAO ZHONG ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI內(nèi)容索引核心考點分層突破 專項訓(xùn)練鞏固提升核心考點分層突破高考鏈接1.(2020全國, 語篇填空)Bamboo plants are associatedhealth, abundance and a happy home. 2.(2020全國, 語篇填空)The artist was finally humbled(謙卑)by the greatest artist earth. with be associated with是固定搭配, 意為 “與有關(guān)

2、”。 on on earth是固定搭配, 意為 “在世界上”。 3.(2020山東, 語篇填空) Museums must compete peoples spare time and money with other amusements. for compete for. 是固定搭配, 意為“為而競爭”。 4.(2020天津,單項填空)For my fifth birthday, my mother baked a cake the shape of a monkey. in in the shape of. 意為“以的形狀”。此處表示烘焙了一個猴子形狀的蛋糕。5.(2019全國, 語篇填

3、空)Modern methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s. of/for 該空前面是名詞methods, 后面是動詞-ing形式, 故應(yīng)填介詞?？梢杂胦f表示所屬關(guān)系, 也可填for。6.(2018全國, 語篇填空)I was searching these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. for 句意: 我在尋找我一直在觀察的這三只西部低地大猩猩。search for是固定搭配, 意為 “尋找”?？?/p>

4、點歸納考點一 表示時間和日期的介詞1.in用在表示年份、季節(jié)、月份, 以及泛指上午、下午或晚上的名詞前; on用在表示某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名詞前; at用在表示某一時刻或時間上的某一點的名詞前。We will have a meeting at 8 oclock in the morning on Sunday. 我們將在星期天早上八點鐘開會。2.for后接“一段時間”, 表示某事持續(xù)多久, 多與完成時連用; during表示“在期間”; through表示“一直, 自始至終”。The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds

5、. 這個新來的男孩子看了老師幾秒鐘。I went to Beijing during the summer holiday. 暑假期間我去了北京。They worked hard through the winter. 整個冬天他們都在努力工作。3.from, sincefrom表示時間的起點, 意為“從”, 多用于“from.to/till.”中; since表示“自從以來”。I have been waiting here from morning till noon. 我在這里從早上等到中午。Great changes have taken place in our school sin

6、ce Dec., 2015.自從2015年12月以來, 我們學(xué)校發(fā)生了很大變化。注意for和since都常與完成時連用, 但for接時間段, since接時間點。如for two hours(持續(xù))兩小時; since last week自從上周以來。4.before, by, till/untilbefore指“在之前”, 與after相對。by指“不遲于, 到時為止, 在以前”, by后接過去時間時, 常與過去完成時連用; by后接將來時間時, 常與將來完成時連用。till/until表示“直到為止”, 在肯定句中, till/until必須與延續(xù)性動詞連用; 在否定句中, till/un

7、til常與非延續(xù)性動詞連用。Please come before ten oclock. 請在十點鐘以前回來。September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill. 在9月30日之前, 你必須支付賬單。You must wait for him till/until tomorrow. 你必須等他直到明天。5.after, in“after+一段時間”表示“在之后”, 用于一般過去時; 但當(dāng)after后跟時間點時, 可用于各種時態(tài)。“in+一段時間”表示以說話時為起點的一段時間之后, 與一般將來時連用; 但表示“在之內(nèi)”時, 可用于各種

8、時態(tài)。After eight it began to rain. 八點后開始下雨。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 簡很匆忙, 因為去機場的火車半小時內(nèi)就要發(fā)車了?？键c二 表示方位的介詞1.on意為“在的上面”; over意為“在(垂直)的正上方”; above意為“在(不一定垂直)的上方”; under意為“在(垂直)的正下方”; below意為“在(不一定垂直)的下方”; near意為“在附近”; next to意為“緊挨著”; round/around意為“在周圍”; b

9、y意為“在旁邊”; along表示沿著街、路、河岸等; across主要表示從某物的表面“橫過”, 涉及“面”的概念; past意為“從旁經(jīng)過”; up表示向上, 反之則用down; through指從某物的內(nèi)部 “穿過”; over指 “越過” 某一障礙物。The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, through valleys and over mountains. 長城從西蜿蜒東下, 穿過荒漠和山谷,并翻越了高山。2.表示兩者的位置關(guān)系時, in表示“在同一區(qū)域內(nèi)或同一范圍內(nèi)”; on表示“接壤, 相鄰

10、”; to表示“相離, 相隔”, 兩者不屬于同一范圍, 也不接壤。The beautiful city is in China. 這座美麗的城市在中國。考點三 表示計量的介詞1.at表示“以速度, 以價格”。He bargained with the assistant, trying to get this bicycle at a low price. 他和店員討價還價, 試圖低價買下這輛自行車。2.for表示“用交換, 以為代價”。He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百美元把車賣了。3.by表示“按計算”, 后跟度量單位。接具體單位時, 該名詞前用定冠

11、詞the; 接具體度量名詞時, 該名詞前不加冠詞。They are paid by the day. 他們按天計算報酬。考點四 表示行為的工具、手段或者方式的介詞1.by表示用某種方式, 多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽車, by email通過電子郵件。注意表示搭乘交通工具用by時, 名詞前不加冠詞; 用in時, 名詞前要加冠詞。請比較:I went there by car/in a car. 我乘汽車去那里。 2.with表示用某種具體工具、身體的某部分或器官。We speak with our mouths. 我們用嘴說話。注意with表示用某種工具時, 名詞前必須用冠詞或形容詞性物

12、主代詞。3.in表示用某種材料或語言。Please speak in English and write in ink. 請用英語說,并用墨水寫。4.through表示“以(方法、手段), 經(jīng)由”, 后面多接抽象名詞。You can only achieve success through hard work. 只有通過努力工作, 你才能獲得成功?？键c五 表示“除之外”的介詞besides表示包含,“除之外還有”。except表示排除,“除之外”, 指整體里面排除部分, 后面可接代詞、副詞、介詞短語, 還可接that從句或wh-從句。 but表示排除, 多與nobody, none, no o

13、ne, nothing, anything, everyone, all, who等連用, 其后可以接不定式。except for表示“除之外”, 常在說明基本情況后, 從細節(jié)上加以修正。apart from表示“此外, 除之外還有”時, 相當(dāng)于besides/as well as; 表示“撇開來說, 除去”時, 相當(dāng)于except (for)。in addition to表示“除之外還有”, 相當(dāng)于besides。It is a beautiful city, except for its traffic. 除了交通問題, 它是一座美麗的城市?？键c六 表示原因的介詞1.for表示原因, 常與

14、sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等詞連用。The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children. 史密斯夫婦因培養(yǎng)孩子的方式而受到了表揚。2.at指情感變化的原因, 意為 “因聽到或看到而”。He was surprised at the news. 他對這個消息感到吃驚。3.from指 “外在的原因”, 如受傷、車禍、勞累等。Suffering from overwork, she is out of shape. 由于工作過度, 她健康狀況不好。4.of指“內(nèi)在的

15、原因”, 如疾病、饑餓、年老等。If they dont find enough bamboo, pandas will die of hunger. 如果找不到足夠的竹子, 大熊貓會死于饑餓。5.with指生理上或情感上的由外界到內(nèi)心的原因。He was trembling with cold. 他冷得發(fā)抖。6.by表示外部的, 尤其是暴力的或無意中造成某種結(jié)果的原因。She took your umbrella by mistake. 她錯拿了你的傘。考點七 of和to1.of+抽象名詞=形容詞(1)of+great/much+抽象名詞=very+形容詞(2)of+no+抽象名詞=not+

16、形容詞The book is of great value to our research. 這本書對我們的研究有很大價值。This old machine is of no use. 這臺舊機器沒用了。2.to+ones+情感名詞=to the+情感名詞+of sbTo our great surprise, the boy lied to the teacher. 令我們非常吃驚的是, 那個男孩對老師撒謊了?？键c八 against1.(表示方向)與方向相反; 逆著; 迎著; 頂著against the wind 迎著風(fēng); 逆著風(fēng)2.(表示方位)緊靠著; 倚靠著against the wal

17、l 靠著墻3.(表示對象)對不利; 對有害; 以為競爭對手; 違反; 違背fight against同戰(zhàn)斗; against the natural law 違背自然規(guī)律It was a real race against time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it. 完成這項工程的確是和時間的一場賽跑。幸運的是, 我們做到了。4.(表示對比)和比; 和對照; 以為背景against the blue sky 以藍天為背景考點九 beyond1.(表示位置)在/往的另一邊; 在/往的那一邊; 在/往的更遠處The house is bey

18、ond the bridge. 房子在橋那邊。2.(表示時間)遲于; 晚于; 在之后Dont stay here beyond midnight. 不要在這兒待到午夜以后。3.(表示范圍)超出; 非所能及The switch on the wall was beyond the childrens reach. 墻上的開關(guān)小孩子是夠不到的。4.(表示程度)超出的范圍; 超過; 對來說太難Maths is beyond me. I can never get high grades. 數(shù)學(xué)對我來說很難。我從來都得不了高分。5.(表示數(shù)目)多于; 超過There werent beyond twe

19、nty people present. 出席的人數(shù)不超過20個。考點十 常用介詞短語1.atat lunch在吃午飯at table在吃飯at school在上學(xué)at peace處于和平狀態(tài)at first=at the beginning起初at the beginning of在的初始階段at the end of.在結(jié)束時2.inin a sense從某種意義上說in common共有in place在正確位置in practice實際上; 事實上in public公開地in turn依次; 輪流; 轉(zhuǎn)而in case以免; 萬一in detail詳細地in office執(zhí)政; 在位in

20、 power當(dāng)權(quán); 在執(zhí)政in progress進行中in return作為回報in time及時; 最后; 終于in the way擋路in exchange for用以交換in favour of支持in the meanwhile與此同時in spite of不管; 不顧in terms of就來說in addition to此外; 除之外3.onon behalf of代表on condition that在條件下on sale出售on strike罷工on the increase正在增加on the air在廣播on the contrary與此相反4.underunder con

21、trol在控制之中under discussion在討論中under development在發(fā)展中under construction在建設(shè)中under repair在修理中5.forfor lack of由于缺乏for the benefit of為了的利益as for就而論; 關(guān)于6.byby chance=by accident偶然; 碰巧by name憑名字; 用的名字by far到目前為止7.out ofout of order出故障out of place不適當(dāng)out of control失去控制out of ones reach某人夠不著的地方out of the questi

22、on不可能out of question毫無疑問專項訓(xùn)練鞏固提升.單句語法填空1.(2020北京昌平高三二模)Once you have finished reading it, dont put it in your recycling bin. Instead, consider sharing it people who havent read it. 2.(2020北京房山高三二診)She set a national record as the oldest enlisted woman to do a parachute jump the age of 51.with share

23、sth with sb “與某人分享某物”。句意: 一旦你閱讀完畢, 不要把它放到你的再循環(huán)箱子里面去, 而是考慮跟沒有閱讀過這本書的人分享。at at the age of為固定搭配。句意: 她在51歲時因作為參加跳傘運動的年齡最大的女性創(chuàng)造了全國紀錄。3.(2020北京高考適應(yīng)性考試)Tiger sharks have teeth perfectly designedcutting their food, so it is certain that the damage will be disastrous. 4.It ran for just under seven kilometres

24、 and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and work. for (be) designed for.是固定搭配, 意為 “為設(shè)計的; 為準備的”。 from 根據(jù)前面的to可知, 這里應(yīng)填from。to and from work “上下班”。 5.After school she plans to travel before going to university to get a degreeengineering or architecture. in g

25、et a degree in. 為固定搭配, 意為 “取得學(xué)位”。 6.Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. on focus on “關(guān)注, 聚焦” , 為固定短語。 7.In India, for example, most people traditionally eat their hands. 8.(2019河北武邑中學(xué)高三月考)Parents are attaching great importancechildrens calligraphy pract

26、ice. with 句意: 例如, 在印度大部分人傳統(tǒng)上用手吃飯。介詞with表示 “用”。to 句意: 家長們十分重視孩子們的書法練習(xí)。attach importance to “重視”。9.(2019山東臨沂期中)Last night Mr Crook met some friends and stayed out midnight. 10.I kept on walking, seeing watchtower after watchtower my way.until/till 句意: 昨晚Crook先生見了幾個朋友并且在外面待到午夜。until/till “直到”。on/along

27、句意: 我繼續(xù)行走, 沿途看見一個接一個的瞭望塔。on/along ones way意為 “沿途”。 11.Although we didnt really understand everything, it was good to be lost the atmosphere of the occasion!in be lost in sth 意為 “沉浸于”, 是固定搭配。 12.On this blog I will be posting a travel journal photographs and drawings.with 此處with表示 “具有, 帶有” , 后跟名詞phot

28、ographs and drawings做后置定語。13.I was born in a town called Blackburn, in the northwest of England, and lived there till I left home the age of eighteen. 14.Most caves are formed nature under the ground, but some have entrances people can find. at at the age of為固定搭配, 意為 “在歲時”。 by 此處表示大部分洞窟是在地下自然形成的。由該句

29、中的被動形式are formed可以判斷, 應(yīng)用介詞by。15.These paintings look exactly the same the cave paintings. 16.There have been cultural exchanges China and Greece in recent years. as the same as為固定搭配, 意為 “和一樣”。 between 表示 “在(兩者)之間” 要用介詞between。between. and. “在和之間”。17.She also goes to other countries where people cann

30、ot afford this treatment and helps them free. for for free為固定搭配, 意為 “免費” 。 18.Art usually appears the form of diverse architecture, body decoration, clothing manufacture, and memorial sculptures. in in the form of為固定搭配, 意為 “以形式”。 19.We can become a smart shopper by choosing for value, not for looks;_ other words, choose good quality goods with plain packages. 20.On some other websites, you can connect with people all over the world