四級(jí)考試策略

1、四級(jí)考試備考策略2009-04-131四、六級(jí)考試各部分測(cè)試內(nèi)容、題型、時(shí)間和所占比例2一、寫作一）評(píng)分原則1. 總體評(píng)分法2. 兼顧內(nèi)容與語(yǔ)言3. 定檔給分（2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 14)二）答題啟示1. 注意文章的給讀者的第一印象2. 注重文章內(nèi)容的豐富性3. 注重文章中語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性和連貫性3一、寫作三）歷年真題1995.01-論說(shuō)文：Can Money Buy Happiness?1995.06-說(shuō)明文：Advantages of a Job Interview1996.01-說(shuō)明文：The Two Way Weekend1996.06-說(shuō)明文：Global Shortage

2、of Fresh Water1997.01-說(shuō)明文：Practice Makes Perfect1997.06-說(shuō)明文：Getting to Know the Outside of the campus1998.01-說(shuō)明文：Harmfulness of Fake Commodities1998.06-論說(shuō)文：Do Lucky Numbers Bring Good Luck?1999.01-說(shuō)明文：Dont Hesitate to Say “No”4一、寫作三）歷年真題1999.06-論說(shuō)文：Reading Extensively or Intensively2000.01-說(shuō)明文：How I

3、 Finance My College Education2000.06-論說(shuō)文：Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary2001.01-說(shuō)明文：How to Succeed in a Job Interview2001.06-應(yīng)用文：A Letter to a Schoolmate2002.01-應(yīng)用文：A Letter to the University President About the Canteen Service on the Campus2002.06-說(shuō)明文：Student Use of Computers(圖表)5一、寫作三）歷年真題20

4、03.01 -說(shuō)明文：It Pays to be Honest(闡述)2003.06 -說(shuō)明文：An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident(描寫與分析)2004.01 -應(yīng)用文：A Letter in Reply to a Friend2004.06 -應(yīng)用文：A Brief Introduction to A Tourist Attraction(導(dǎo)游詞)2005.01 -應(yīng)用文：A Campaign Speech(演講詞)2005.06 -敘議文：An Incident2005.12 -論說(shuō)文：Should the University Cam

5、pus be Open to Tourists?2006.06-應(yīng)用文： Write a Poster Recruiting Volunteers2006.12-議論文：Spring Festival Gala on CCTV2007.06應(yīng)用文：Welcome to our club(歡迎詞)2007.12論說(shuō)文：Electives to choose2008.06論說(shuō)文：Recreational Activities6一、寫作三）歷年真題2005.12 -論說(shuō)文：Should the University Campus be Open to Tourists? Part V Writing

6、 (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below : 1名校校園正成為旅游新熱點(diǎn) 2校園是否應(yīng)對(duì)游客開放，人們看法不同 3我認(rèn)為 Should the University Campus Be Open to

7、Tourists?7一、寫作三）歷年真題2006.06-應(yīng)用文： Write a Poster Recruiting Volunteers Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a poster recruiting volunteers. You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below :1校學(xué)生會(huì)將組織一次暑假志愿者活動(dòng)，現(xiàn)招募志愿者2本次志愿者活動(dòng)的目的、活動(dòng)安排等3報(bào)名條件及聯(lián)系方式 Volunteers N

8、eeded8三）歷年真題2006.12-議論文：Spring Festival Gala on CCTVDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Spring Festival Gala on CCTV. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1. 許多人喜歡在除夕夜看春節(jié)晚會(huì)2. 但有些人提出取消春節(jié)晚會(huì)3. 我的看法一、寫作9一、寫作2006.12-議論文 范文

9、: Spring Festival Gala on CCTVThe approach of the Chinese Lunar New Year poses a national issue concerning the necessity of holding the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. Its established status is being challenged by a growing number of people, especially by younger generations. It is increasing difficult t

10、o cater for all tastes.Some individuals deem that it should be cancelled or replaced by other programs. These young people focus their attention on other forms of celebration instead if immersing themselves in TV. Despite that, the majority of middle-aged people and senior citizens uphold the import

11、ance of the traditional performance. The most striking feature of this gala is its traditionally close link with ordinary peoples lives. Most of people view this gala as an annual staple on the Eve of this traditional Chinese Spring Festival. They all have a restless night and glue their eyes on the

12、 television.I am not supportive of the view that the grand gala should be abandoned. Undoubtedly, it plays a vital role in the celebration of the Chinese New Year. To increase its appeal and meet the needs of the young adults, CCTV should come up with programs to make this event more remarkable.1020

13、07.06-應(yīng)用文：An Announcement to Welcome Students to Join a Club(演講告示)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an announcement to welcome students to join a club. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1. 本社團(tuán)的主要活動(dòng)內(nèi)容2. 參加本社團(tuán)的好處3. 任何加入本社團(tuán)一、寫作11一、寫作范文(20

14、07.06-應(yīng)用文：演講稿) ：Welcome to Our ClubThe Speech Club is organizing school-wide speech training and contests to be held on each Saturday at the Students Recreational Center. Five prestigious experts and professors will be invited to be speech lecturers and contests judges. For each speech contest, the

15、first six winners will be given awards.Attending our club has substantial advantages. Firstly, it can improve your ability to deliver a speech which is of utmost significance to your future career and development. Secondly, it can help you to possess self-confidence, enrich your extra-curricula acti

16、vities and make your campus life colorful. To sum up, the experiences in our club will be extraordinarily unforgettable throughout your life.Students who are interested in taking part in the club may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Tuesday next week (Dec. 26). Everybody is welcome t

17、o a member of our club. 12一、寫作論說(shuō)文：（2007-12）What electives to choose 1、各大學(xué)開設(shè)了各種各樣的選修課2、學(xué)生因?yàn)楦鞣N原因選擇了不同的選修課3、以你自己為例 13一、寫作論說(shuō)文：Selecting Courses（2007-12）Recently, people in growing numbers show their concern about selecting courses. In some colleges, students are permitted to pick out their courses profe

18、ssors freely. The reasons are listed as follows:In the first place, students can choose the teacher according to their interests, which will be helpful for their future careers. Besides, selecting courses can reduce the rate of students absence indirectly for students usually choose their favorite t

19、eachers.As far as I am concerned, every coin has two sides. On the one hand, students may learn the course better, because they may choose the professor they liked. On the other hand, if the professor who is very popular and a great number of students would like to attend his/her course, the classro

20、om must be overcrowded. It will have a bad impact on the class.14一、寫作論說(shuō)文：Recreational Activities(2008.06) In the era of information and technology, there are all kinds of recreational activities. Some people think those recreational activities are great and necessary, because they can help people re

21、lax from the hard work and study. Some of the activities, such as hiking, jogging, can help people relax physically; while some of them, such as surfing the Internet, can help people relax mentally.However, some people think that so many kinds of recreational activities may have a bad effect on our

22、lives. Some people may not resist some temptations from those activities, and indulge themselves in those activities. At last they are lured away from their study or their work.In my opinion, we should pay more attention to the advantages of various recreational activities and make the most of them.

23、 Meanwhile, we should learn how to use those activities positively, and make them a helpful tool for our development.15四）命題趨勢(shì)：2001年1月以前：說(shuō)明文、論說(shuō)文為主，少有應(yīng)用文2001年6月-2007年6月：應(yīng)用文為主（書信、演講詞、海報(bào)告示）說(shuō)明文、論說(shuō)文、記敘文為輔2007年12月以來(lái)及未來(lái)趨勢(shì)：時(shí)效性強(qiáng)的論說(shuō)文、與學(xué)生生活及未來(lái)就業(yè)有關(guān)的應(yīng)用文（如求職函、投訴函及對(duì)投訴函的回信等）一、寫作16五）寫作策略：1) 認(rèn)真審題 審請(qǐng)題目、關(guān)鍵詞、段首句、題綱、提示、圖表

24、； 確定主題、明確范圍、選定素材、抓住重點(diǎn)；2) 列出提綱、深刻思考、打好腹稿、抓住要點(diǎn)、準(zhǔn)備例證3) 正確表達(dá) 選擇正確的文體與格式 選擇準(zhǔn)確地道的表達(dá)方式：句型多樣化；上下文邏輯連 貫；語(yǔ)法、拼寫、措辭準(zhǔn)確多變；4) 修改校對(duì)：語(yǔ)法、拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)、措辭5) 把握時(shí)間：1)、2)步：3-5分鐘; 3)步：20-25分鐘；4)步：3-5分鐘一、寫作17五）寫作策略1. 段首句作文 （即主題句作文 ） 應(yīng)對(duì)策略:-確定主題和中心；-審清題目和所給段首句；-寫好擴(kuò)展句，句子語(yǔ)言正確，句型多樣化；-提供具體例證（即次要擴(kuò)展句）說(shuō)明主題句， 避免空洞無(wú)物論點(diǎn)； -句與句、段與段之間的過(guò)渡和照應(yīng) （啟呈轉(zhuǎn)

25、合）；-段落首尾及文章首尾的呼應(yīng)。一、寫作18五）寫作策略2. 標(biāo)題與提綱作文（中或英文提綱，問(wèn)題式提綱） 應(yīng)對(duì)策略： -理解題目與提綱中所提供的信息； -確定文章題材； -利用提綱中提供的信息并搜羅更多有關(guān)素材； -圍繞題目發(fā)展、充實(shí)提綱； -寫作時(shí)切勿照搬抄譯 要整體安排； （參考段首句作文的寫作對(duì)策）一、寫作19五）寫作策略3. 圖表說(shuō)明文（圖片與圖表） 應(yīng)對(duì)策略：寫好標(biāo)題第一段：描述圖表（忌流水帳，利用比較典型的數(shù)據(jù)或例子）第二段：分析因果第三段：做出結(jié)論與預(yù)測(cè)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，或得出啟示、提出建議或解決方法 牢記圖表作文常用的表達(dá)方式！一、寫作20五）寫作策略 4. 議論文 （argumen

26、tation）應(yīng)對(duì)策略： -著重發(fā)表自己看法、用自己的論點(diǎn)來(lái)勸說(shuō)、影 響和說(shuō)服讀者； -三段式 提出問(wèn)題、分析問(wèn)題（用充分的論據(jù)來(lái)論證自 己的觀點(diǎn)）、得出結(jié)論； -觀點(diǎn)要鮮明 理論事實(shí)有力充分 邏輯性強(qiáng)（做好啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合） 用詞用句恰當(dāng)明確一、寫作21五）寫作策略5. 應(yīng)用文寫作書信：注意文體格式及語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)注意信封的寫法注意信內(nèi)格式信頭 (Letter head writers name and address)日期 (Date)封內(nèi)地址 (Addressees address)開頭稱呼語(yǔ) (Salutation)正文 (Body)結(jié)束敬語(yǔ) (Complimentary close)署名 (

27、Signature)一、寫作22一、寫作五）寫作策略 A Letter of Job ApplicationMr. Jim Wang June 10, 2008 105 Xingang Road （West）Guangzhou, 510275Dear Mr. Wang, I noted with interest your advertisement for a PR manager in todays China Daily. You will see from the enclosed curriculum vitae that I am majoring in PR science at

28、 SundayYat-sen University and have won prizes in three consecutive years. You may also see that I had three months experience as assistant to aPR manager when I was a trainer clerk at a travel agency. Myresponsibilities there included all types of secretarial work, arranging and attending presentati

29、ons, working with clients, solving problems that arose, and dealing with company affairs in the place of the manager when he was away. Although the school has promised me a teaching post after my graduation and I can do a good job of teaching, I feel that my prospects with the school would be limite

30、d and that there would be more scope for my talents with a more challenging and dynamic company. If you consider that my qualifications and experience are suitable, I should be available for interview at any time. Yours sincerely, (Signature) Encl.: curriculum vitae23一、寫作五）寫作策略如何獲得作文高分？1) 熟悉各種文體的寫法，

31、每種文體背誦2-3篇范文，考 試時(shí)可靈活套用；2) 掌握足夠句型，靈活套用,寫好文章及段落的開頭和 結(jié)尾；3) 每個(gè)主題句后應(yīng)不少于3個(gè)擴(kuò)展句(個(gè)別還需次要擴(kuò) 展句);4) 注意擴(kuò)展句（例證）、擴(kuò)展段與主題（句）的一致性；5) 注意句與句、段與段之間的連貫性；6) 注意文章的外部結(jié)構(gòu)；字?jǐn)?shù)不少于120詞，文章一定要 分為3-4個(gè)段落（引言、發(fā)展、總結(jié)），不可糅雜成一 個(gè)單一的段落；7) 規(guī)劃時(shí)間，準(zhǔn)時(shí)交卷；8) 卷面工整、書法規(guī)范、整潔美觀。24二、快速閱讀快速閱讀解題技巧 一）是非題 看標(biāo)題了解文章大致內(nèi)容，框架，基本結(jié)構(gòu)； 定位重要，搜查題干中出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容或關(guān)鍵詞，遇到有 數(shù)字的地方要引起重

32、視； 可不細(xì)讀原文，直接帶著問(wèn)題在原文中尋找答案； 平時(shí)加強(qiáng)快讀（即尋讀和略讀）訓(xùn)練；切忌逐詞、逐句按部就班地閱讀。25二、快速閱讀快速閱讀解題技巧二）簡(jiǎn)答題 通讀文章，抓住文章的主旨，即主要談?wù)撌裁磫?wèn)題。 用快速閱讀理解做題思路(skimming和 scanning) 兩種手段; 答案盡量照抄原文，但要抄得恰到好處，抄得簡(jiǎn)練，題干問(wèn)什么或缺什么，就抄什么。其余不相干內(nèi)容不要抄上。如遇到原句太長(zhǎng)，則需要根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行組織，概括出答案。 避免語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤；避免使用不熟悉或沒(méi)把握的單詞，詞組或句式；注意單詞大小寫及拼寫；控制字?jǐn)?shù)（一般在3個(gè)詞左右，最多不超過(guò)10個(gè)詞）。26二、快速閱讀快速閱讀

33、解題技巧三）選擇題 方法綜合參考以上兩類題型以及深度閱讀的多項(xiàng)選擇題型的答題方式。27三、聽(tīng)力理解正確的聽(tīng)音習(xí)慣是提高聽(tīng)力理解能力的保證！一）綜述 聽(tīng)音時(shí)，注意如下幾點(diǎn)： 預(yù)讀并正確理解選項(xiàng)：一般來(lái)講，盡管答案和聽(tīng)力材料意思相同，但兩者的表述往往不同。 句子時(shí)態(tài)： 有時(shí)句子中沒(méi)有具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，那么只有對(duì)句子時(shí)態(tài)加以注意，才能判斷時(shí)間先后； 信號(hào)詞：however, but, because等信號(hào)詞能提醒你說(shuō)話人的思路發(fā)展方向； 同義詞： 在同一篇講話中有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，講話人會(huì)用不同的詞或詞組指同一件事或同樣?xùn)|西。比如，打電話可以用phone表示，還可以說(shuō)ring up或c

34、all； 代詞： 在英語(yǔ)中，上文提到的名詞在下文中再出現(xiàn)時(shí)就用代詞表示，在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中需明確代詞的所指； 關(guān)鍵詞與數(shù)字：從關(guān)鍵詞中進(jìn)行推斷； 注意重要句型與習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式； 理解成語(yǔ)、習(xí)語(yǔ)。28三、聽(tīng)力理解二）短對(duì)話的題類： 1. 數(shù)字與計(jì)算 2. 職業(yè)、身份與相互關(guān)系 3. 因果關(guān)系 4. 地點(diǎn)與場(chǎng)所 5. 態(tài)度與反應(yīng)（掌握表示態(tài)度的詞匯）6. 肯定與否定7. 推理與判斷8. 句型與習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)的理解29三、聽(tīng)力理解三）長(zhǎng)對(duì)話應(yīng)試技巧 充分利用朗讀聽(tīng)力指令時(shí)間，預(yù)讀、預(yù)判選項(xiàng)，大致猜出對(duì)話談?wù)撛掝}。 從問(wèn)題設(shè)置角度來(lái)說(shuō)，極有可能會(huì)有一道題問(wèn)對(duì)話主旨，而答案就在開頭或結(jié)尾。 做題順序和題目順序大致相同

35、。 可 “一心多用”，邊聽(tīng)邊記邊看邊選。 30三、聽(tīng)力理解四）短文聽(tīng)力應(yīng)試技巧 聽(tīng)短文前，應(yīng)充分利用朗讀Directions的時(shí)間，快速瀏覽各題選項(xiàng)，最大限度地依據(jù)選項(xiàng)提供的信息，判斷每篇短文可能陳述的主題思想，推測(cè)每道題可能提出的問(wèn)題。 注意聽(tīng)段首句和段尾句。根據(jù)對(duì)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)統(tǒng)考試題的分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)短文聽(tīng)力的測(cè)試與短文閱讀理解一樣，有著一定的規(guī)律。通常，許多短文的段首句和段尾句都會(huì)包含一個(gè)問(wèn)題。 由于短文后面的提問(wèn)常和文中的細(xì)節(jié)有關(guān)，因此必須記住聽(tīng)過(guò)的內(nèi)容（做筆記）。 如果短文是一篇故事，聽(tīng)的時(shí)候應(yīng)抓住地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、人物、因果等要素（when, where, what, which, why

36、, who, whose, how)。31三、聽(tīng)力理解五）復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫應(yīng)試技巧 1. 熟練掌握并不斷擴(kuò)充詞匯量。單詞的記憶必須做到準(zhǔn)確，這樣才能迅速而準(zhǔn)確地拼寫出來(lái)。平時(shí)背單詞時(shí)應(yīng)該注意重音和音節(jié)。2. 必須靈活運(yùn)用并不斷擴(kuò)充語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。語(yǔ)法關(guān)系到寫出的句子是否規(guī)范、合乎邏輯。3. 充分利用朗讀“復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫”的Directions的時(shí)間，盡快瀏覽短文，以對(duì)全文的中心思想有所了解，做到心中有數(shù)。在瀏覽短文時(shí)，可以運(yùn)用所掌握的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和各項(xiàng)語(yǔ)言技能，盡可能提前推斷S36至S43空格所填單詞的詞性以及S44至S46空格的大致句式。 4. 特別注意文章中可能出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞以及句子的時(shí)態(tài)。32三、

37、聽(tīng)力理解五）復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫應(yīng)試技巧5. 聽(tīng)第一遍朗讀時(shí)，因?yàn)橛辛寺?tīng)音前的瀏覽，考生可以適當(dāng)?shù)靥顚慡1至S7的單詞項(xiàng)或作些筆記，主要記些句中的實(shí)義詞，最主要的是抓住主、謂、賓，因?yàn)檫@些詞是組織句子的關(guān)鍵。6. 培養(yǎng)邊聽(tīng)邊記的能力。記錄時(shí)不必寫全單詞，可以使用縮寫、簡(jiǎn)寫，甚至一些符號(hào)，只要自己能看懂就行，在平時(shí)可做些類似的訓(xùn)練。7. 第三遍朗讀時(shí)，應(yīng)做好修改補(bǔ)漏工作。核對(duì)要點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，力求完整準(zhǔn)確，盡量不要出現(xiàn)多余信息，減少語(yǔ)法及拼寫錯(cuò)誤。8. 單詞聽(tīng)寫務(wù)必準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤，句子聽(tīng)寫最好能照原文記下，但用自己的正確的語(yǔ)言（英語(yǔ)）完整地表達(dá)原文的意思亦可視為正確得滿分。33四、仔細(xì)閱讀理解之篇章層次的詞匯理解選詞填

38、空應(yīng)試技巧 考查篇章理解能力，環(huán)環(huán)緊扣；理解句與句，段與段之間的關(guān)系； 把握每個(gè)詞的詞性，理解詞類句法功能，由此可縮小范圍；語(yǔ)法功能決定待選詞的詞性，上下文意思決定待選詞的語(yǔ)義； 充分利用上下文提示、理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系； 培養(yǎng)較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)法、句法能力； 注意搭配( 動(dòng)詞與介詞/副詞的搭配、形容詞/名詞與介詞的搭配、動(dòng)賓搭配乃至名詞與名詞的搭配等)。 千萬(wàn)別記“單”詞！34四、仔細(xì)閱讀理解之篇章層次的詞匯理解Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this sect

39、ion, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the correspondi

40、ng letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once . Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. 35四、仔細(xì)閱讀理解之篇章層次的詞匯理解 When Roberto Feliz came to the USA from the Dominican Republic, he knew only a fe

41、w words of English. Education soon became a 47 . “I couldnt understand anything,” he said. He 48 from his teachers, came home in tears, and thought about dropping out. Then Mrs. Malave, a bilingual educator, began to work with him while teaching him math and science in his 49 Spanish. “She helped me

42、 stay smart while teaching me English,” he said. Given the chance to demonstrate his ability, he 50 confidence and began to succeed in school. Today, he is a 51 doctor, runs his own clinic, and works with several hospitals. Every day, he uses the language and academic skills he 52 through bilingual

43、education to treat his patients. 36四、仔細(xì)閱讀理解之篇章層次的詞匯理解 Robertos story is just one of 53 success stories. Research has shown that bilingual education is the most 54 way both to teach children English and ensure that they succeed academically. In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students 55 outperform thei

44、r peers in monolingual programs. Calexico, Calif., implemented bilingual education, and now has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and college 56 rates of more than 90%. In El Paso, bilingual education programs have helped raise student scores from the lowest in Texas to among t

45、he highest in the nation. 37四、仔細(xì)閱讀理解之篇章層次的詞匯理解注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)?答題卡 2 上作答。A) wonder I) hid B) acquired J) prominent C) consistently K) decent D) regained L) countless E) nightmare M) recalled F) native N) breakthrough G) acceptance O) automatically H) effective 38五、仔細(xì)閱讀理解之篇章閱讀理解命題規(guī)律 倒著考/反著考題型命題模式為：文章中B導(dǎo)致C；

46、問(wèn)：有C這一結(jié)果，為什么？答案：因?yàn)锽。所謂反著考，即將文章中的某句話，反過(guò)來(lái)考一遍。 轉(zhuǎn)折處出題學(xué)生應(yīng)對(duì)閱讀文章中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折的地方特別加以注意。表示轉(zhuǎn)折的標(biāo)志詞有：but, in fact, however, nevertheless等。 seem/look/sound處出題作者經(jīng)常借助這類詞用以引用他人或一般人的看法，其實(shí)并不代表作者的真正要表達(dá)的含義，你得繼續(xù)往下看。39五、仔細(xì)閱讀理解之篇章閱讀理解命題規(guī)律 例證考題命題模式：作者先陳述一種觀點(diǎn)并舉例作為證明。問(wèn)題問(wèn)你這個(gè)例子說(shuō)明了什么？很簡(jiǎn)單，就是說(shuō)明或證明前面提出的觀點(diǎn)。 指代題原文中某一段某一行中的it/ them/ they/ t

47、heirs等指代什么？做這類題，記住兩個(gè)字“回指”，也就是往回看。因?yàn)橹挥猩衔奶岬搅四骋皇挛铮挛牟趴捎眠@類詞。 推論題標(biāo)志詞有：infer/ inference/ suggest/ imply/ implication/ conclude/ conclusion等。這類題目屬比較難的題，要把握好。40五、仔細(xì)閱讀理解之篇章閱讀理解命題規(guī)律 語(yǔ)義題實(shí)際上就是猜測(cè)詞義。手法有許多，最主要方法應(yīng)該是依據(jù)該詞或詞組或句子所出現(xiàn)的context，即上下文或語(yǔ)境。記?。罕容^膚淺的字面或句面解釋通常不選。 結(jié)構(gòu)考題應(yīng)該承認(rèn)，結(jié)構(gòu)考題在四級(jí)考試中較少出現(xiàn)。原因在于四級(jí)考試中的閱讀文章相對(duì)較短，大多數(shù)考細(xì)節(jié)題

48、，再加上一些語(yǔ)義、推論、主旨考題，基本上可覆蓋整篇文章。 段落歸納題此類題要特別注意段首句和段尾句。因?yàn)樗ǔＪ嵌温浯笠?。?biāo)志詞有in general, generally, in a word等。41五、仔細(xì)閱讀理解之篇章閱讀理解命題規(guī)律 態(tài)度性考題態(tài)度性問(wèn)題考查學(xué)生是否了解文章作者或文中某人對(duì)某事物所持觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的詞匯有：neutral, objective, indifferent, positive, approving, supportive, enthusiastic, optimistic, pessimistic, disapproving, negative, critical等。 因果關(guān)系考題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)兩個(gè)事件之間因果關(guān)系的正確理解。 主旨性考題顧名思義，要求考生判斷文章的中心思想。注意：有超過(guò)一半的文章主旨出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭和結(jié)尾。正確選項(xiàng)特征為概括，宏觀，抽象。42五、仔細(xì)閱