草莓繁殖田套種增效栽培技術(shù)

1、草莓繁殖田套種增效栽培技術(shù)草莓營養(yǎng)豐富，味道鮮美,于冬春水果淡季上市，價格一直穩(wěn)居高位。因為草莓種植效益好,近年來栽培面積越來越大,僅盱眙縣草莓栽培面積就以每年20%的速度增加。草莓采用無性繁殖，667m2用苗量較大,且價格較高(667m2栽6000株以上，一般每株價格在0.40元以上,有時還比較緊缺，因此多數(shù)老種植戶都選擇自己繁殖種苗。在淮安地區(qū)，草莓繁苗時間為3月下旬至8月上旬,是雨水集中的時期，需要進行避雨栽培，因此多選在塑料大棚中進行。因為草莓繁苗占地時間較長，為了充分利用土地以及草莓繁苗田的設(shè)施和能源，通過實驗總結(jié)出一套草莓繁殖田套種增效栽培技術(shù)，以彌補空閑時間的效益，現(xiàn)介紹如下。S

2、trawberrynutritionisrich,delicious,fruitinthewinterandspringseason,thepricehasbeenstubbornlyhigh.Becauseofbetterstrawberryplantingbenefit,cultivationareainrecentyears,moreandmorebig,onlyXuYiXianstrawberrycultivationareaincreasedatanannualrateof20%.Strawberrytheasexualreproduction,667m2withseedlingam

3、ountislarger,andthepriceishigher(667m2plantedover6000strains,generalpriceatRMB0.40oraboveofapieceof,sometimesmoreshortage,somostoftheoldfarmerschoosetheirbreedingseedlings.Inhuaianregion,strawberrynumerousseedlingstimeisinlatemarchandearlyofAugust,thereisaconcentrationofrainperiod,theneedforshelter,

4、sochoosemoreinplasticgreenhouses.Becausestrawberriesnumerousseedlingsforalongtime,inordertomakefulluseofland,andstrawberrynumerousMiaoTianfacilitiesandenergy,summedupasetofstrawberrybreedingfieldthroughtestefficiencyinterplantingcultivationtechnology,tomakeupforthebenefitoffreetime,arepresentedasfol

5、lows.土壤準備soilpreparation施足基肥sufficientbasal草莓繁苗生長期長,對土壤肥力要求較高,在育苗前半個月要進行土壤深耕,每667m2施腐熟有機肥30004000kg、磷酸二銨和硫酸鉀各10kg,將肥料撒勻,結(jié)合整地翻入土中。Strawberrynumerousseedlingsgrowingperiodlong,higherrequirementsonsoilfertility,soilinnurserybeforehalfamonthtoagriculture,each667m2rottenorganicfertilizerrates34000000kgea

6、ch10kg,diammoniumphosphateandpotassiumsulfate,fertilizerbesprinkleduniformly,combinedwithlandpreparationinthegrave.整地做畦soilpreparationforbeds在翻耕好的寬6m的大棚中心做溝,溝寬40cm、深30cm以上,在大棚兩邊做淺溝,溝寬20cm左右。將溝中取出的土置于兩個畦面上,畦寬2.5m,用耬耙精細整地。栽母苗前,每667m2用施田補80g進行芽前除草。Greenhousescenterinploughinggood6mwidegroove,groovewidt

7、hmorethan40cm,30cmdeep,doshallowgrooveonbothsidesinthegreenhouse,about20cmwide.Removegrooveinthesoilintwostripsurface,stripwidth2.5m,withLourakefinesoilpreparation.Beforemotherplantedseedlings,each667m2withShiTianbudbeforetheweedingfill80g.種苗選擇seedselection品種選擇varietyselection選擇優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)、抗寒、抗逆的草莓品種,當前淮安

8、地區(qū)在生產(chǎn)上常用的品種有紅頰、豐香、櫪木少女、章姬等。Selectionofhighquality,highyield,coldresistance,artstrawberryvarieties,huaianregioncurrentlycommonlyusedintheproductionofvarietieshasredcheeks,FengXianggirl,tochigi,ZhangJi,etc.種苗選擇seedlings一般繁育生產(chǎn)用苗多使用脫毒種苗作母苗,如果數(shù)量不足,可選用部分一代苗做母苗,這樣的種苗病毒不多,繁殖能力強。普通苗或者二代苗、三代苗也可以留種,但管理技術(shù)要求較高。所

9、有苗應(yīng)沒有病蟲害,根系良好,長勢整齊,具有34片葉。Generalbreedingproductionmademotherseedlingseedlingusemoreseedlingsseedlings,ifthequantityislessthansomeoptionaldomotherseedlinggenerationseedlings,theseedlingsvirus,strongabilitytoreproduce。Commonseedlingorsecondgenerationplants,threegenerationsofseedlingscanbestallion,but

10、higherrequirementsmanagementtechniques.Allseedlingsshouldbenoplantdiseasesandinsectpests,therootsystemisgood,lookslikethetidy,34leaf.定植母株theengraftmentmaternal于3月下旬至4月中旬開始定植,沿中心溝一側(cè)向畦面內(nèi)留10cm左右各定植1行,株距4050cm,每667m2定植440550株,通過匍匐莖的繁殖,可育成4萬株左右生產(chǎn)苗。定植時母苗莖基部要與表土平齊,以上不埋心、下不露根為宜,定植后及時澆水。Beganengraftmentinlat

11、emarchuntilmid-april,lateralfurrowsurfacealongthecentergrooveleaves10cmeachengraftmentin1row,plantingdistanceof4050cm,each667m2engraftment667550,bystolonsbreeding,seedlingproducedaround40000strainsbreeding.Engraftmentmotherseedlingstembasewithsurfacesoillevel,whentheaboveisnotburiedundertheheart,not

12、theroot,engraftmentafterwateredthemintime.套種蔬菜interplantingvegetable套種速生蔬菜ythefast-growingvegetables在距離草莓母苗30cm處向棚邊種植一些速生蔬菜,如散葉生菜、空心菜、木耳菜、菜薹、青菜、大蔥等,待草莓伸蔓后,泰山奇石從草莓一端向外逐漸采收,一般667m2產(chǎn)量可達500kg左右,大蔥可產(chǎn)1300kg,667m2收益增加2000元左右。At30cmdistancemotherstrawberryseedlingstogrowsomefast-growingvegetables,suchasleaf

13、lettuce,waterspinach,agaric,extraction,greenvegetables,greenChineseonion,etc.,afterbeingstrawberriesandtendril,graduallyoutwardfromstrawberryharvest,667m2productioncanreach667kgorsocommonly,greenChineseonioncanproduce300kgof1,667m2gains2000yuan.套種蔓生蔬菜interplantingviningvegetables利用大棚內(nèi)側(cè)棚架定植或點播豇豆、菜豆或早

14、熟扁豆,如果是鋼架大棚也可以點播絲瓜,采用漁網(wǎng)線吊蔓,667m2可產(chǎn)豆類蔬菜400kg或絲瓜600kg。6月后,蔓生蔬菜的藤蔓可以幫助草莓苗遮陰,從而減少病毒病的發(fā)生。Usingcanopyinsidethescaffoldingengraftmentoron-demandcowpeas,kidneybeans,orprematurelentils,ifitissteelcanopycanbeon-demandloofah,USESthefishingnetwirehangingtendril,667m2canproduce400kgoflegumesorloofah600kg.After6m

15、onths,sprawlingvinesofvegetablescanhelpstrawberryseedlingsshade,therebyreducingtheoccurrenceofvirusdisease.田間管理fieldmanagement水肥管理managementofsewagesludge栽后及時澆水,以后每34d澆1次小水。因為套種了其他蔬菜,而且草莓苗生長后期會鋪滿畦面,因此最好使用微噴帶,鏈條可將水肥一次性施用。因為基肥施用比較充足,可在速生蔬菜采收后集中追肥1次,每667m2施用雷力沖施肥10kg。根據(jù)植株長勢,還可向葉面噴施0.2%0.3%的磷酸二氫鉀或高美施生物肥

16、23次。Planttimelywatering,afterevery34dafterpouringnum1times.Becauseothervegetables,interplantingandstrawberryseedlingsatlatergrowthstagewillbecoveredwithbeddingsurface,soitisbesttousemicrospraybelt,sewagesludgecanbeone-timeuse.Becausemoresufficientbasalfertilizer,caninthefast-growingandvegetablesafte

17、rharvestconcentratedfertilizer,leilifertilization10kgper667m2application.Accordingtoplantgrowth,butalsotothefoliarspraying0.2%0.3%potassiumdihydrogenphosphateorhighbiologicalfertilizer23times.疏理壓蔓YaManreorganization當匍匐莖發(fā)出時,采用人工壓蔓的方法將新發(fā)出的莖蔓向畦面中心輕輕拉伸使其分布均勻,然后用小土塊或細鉛絲固定,生長期內(nèi)注意及時疏理固定23次,以保證匍匐莖生長均勻。泰安車庫門

18、當子苗基本布滿苗床時,要采取摘心的方法及時除掉多余的和細弱的匍匐莖,控制生長數(shù)量,一般每株母苗保留80100株子苗,多余的細小子苗在匍匐莖著地前摘除。Whenwhenstolons,adoptthemethodofartificialYaManwillbeissuednewvinestothecentrestripgentlystretching,theuniformdistribution,andthenwithasmallclumporleadwireisfixed,fixedgrowthperiod,payattentiontotimelyaddress23times,fortheeve

19、nnessofstolongrowth.Whenbasicisfullofseedbedseedlings,wanttopickheartmethodinatimelymannertoeliminateredundantandthinstolons,controlthegrowthquantity,averageperfemaleseedlingskeep80100plantseedlings,extrafineboyseedlingsinstolonsremovedbeforelanding.摘老葉picktheleaflets母株移植成活后,要及時摘除老葉,以減少母株的營養(yǎng)消耗,促進其生長,提高子苗繁殖率。Maternalsurvivalaftertransplantation,totimelyremovalofoldleaves,inordertoredu