2022全國(guó)職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試全真模擬試題理工類A級(jí)二

1、一、詞匯選項(xiàng)(共15題，共15.0分)下面共有15個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)從每個(gè)句子背面所給旳4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)與劃線部分意義最相近旳詞或短語(yǔ)。答案一律涂在答題卡相應(yīng)旳位置上。1 They voted to abolish the office of second vice-president.A decorate B createC improveD eliminate Eleanor Roosevelts dedication to humanitarian causes won her affection and honor at home and abroad.

2、 A on the air B henceforthC nearbyD in foreign countriesChoreographer Twyla Tharp uses familiar dance movements in original ways to create works filled with clever gestures and abrupt changes in motion and mood.A graceful B creativeC suddenD dramaticRed giant stars do not become white dwarf stars ab

3、ruptly; the process takes more than fifteen hundred years.A suddenly B in unisonC prematurelyD accidentallyAlthough South Carolinas mineral resources are abundant, not all of them can be mined lucratively. A molten B plentifulC diverseD preciousThe most famous Shoshone Indian was Sacagaweathe woman

4、who accompanied Lewis and Clark on their exploration of the upper Missouri River.A traveled with B argued withC defendedD avoidedIt is now generally assumed that the planets were formed by the accretion of gas and dust in a cosmic cloud.A separation B reactionC accumulationD motion While they were a

5、way on vacation, they allowed their mail to accumulate at the post office. A be delivered B pile upC get lost D be returnedIf the weatherman has predicted accurately, tomorrow will be a perfect day for our picnic.A astutely B correctlyC carefully D acutelyUsually, in an attack of influenza, the pati

6、ents limbs ache.A hurt B softenC get numbD get hotAs aquatic plants moved millions of years ago from the ocean to the land, they underwent a number of adaptations.A mishaps B expansionsC setbacksD modificationsOne of Californias greatest problems is providing adequate water to meet the needs of its

7、expanding population.A sufficient B palatableC suitableD unpollutedWeed killers must be chosen and applied with great care to avoid damage to adjacent trees and shrubs.A indigenousB nearbyC perennialD similarEleven states, including the adjoining states of North and South Carolina, seceded from the

8、United States in the 1860s and formed a southern confederacy.A separated B neighboringC colonialD competingI admire his work.A recognizeB exploitC tolerateD esteem二、閱讀判斷(共7題，共7.0分)閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文旳內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷。如果該句提供旳是對(duì)旳信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把A涂黑；如果該句提供旳是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把B涂黑；如果該句旳信息在文章中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把C涂黑。Mother N

9、ature Shows Her StrengthTornadoes (龍卷風(fēng)) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous.George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗狀旳) cloud was behind him. “I

10、 stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared,” Snyder said.Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday.

11、In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down.Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. “I knew something was wrong,” she said. “I saw the sky go green and pink

12、(粉紅色). Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection.” The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage

13、 from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes.The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County. The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets h

14、ad to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble.Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water i

15、n their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走). The Red Cross served meals to them.“This was a really intense storm” said Snyder, “People were afraid. Mother Nature can be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed.”16 The weather wa

16、s nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening.A RightB Wrong C Not mentionedGeorge Snyder was a firefighter.A RightB Wrong C Not mentionedAmanda Symcheck was having a party in the basement when the storm began.A RightB Wrong C Not mentionedPower supply system was not damaged during the storm.A Right

17、B Wrong C Not mentionedThere had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years.A RightB Wrong C Not mentionedRescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people.A RightB Wrong C Not mentionedSeveral people were missing during the storm.A RightB Wrong C Not mentioned三、概括大意與完畢句子(共8

18、題，共8.0分)閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第2326題規(guī)定從所給旳6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第14段每段選擇1個(gè)對(duì)旳旳小標(biāo)題；(2)第2730題規(guī)定從所給旳6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)對(duì)旳選項(xiàng)，分別完畢每個(gè)句子。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)旳位置上。Earth Angels1 Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (煙頭) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it

19、 takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a “No Butts on the Beach” campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size

20、plastic ice-cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are full and the beach in nearly free of cigarette debris (殘片

21、).2 People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado, have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a cl

22、ass project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there. They also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built.3

23、 Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground watera real danger in rural areas, whe

24、re people live off the water on their land. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now, the “Dont Be Crude” program runs oil-collection sitestanks that hold up to 460 gallonswhere people in the community can dispose of their oil.4 Five ye

25、ars ago, 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didnt have clean water, and that as little as $70 could build a well. “We really take

26、 water for granted,” says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. “In other countries, you have to plan for it.” Ryan earned the first $70 by doing extra chores (零工), but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryans Well Fo

27、undation, which raises money for clean water and health related services for people in African countries and developing countries.23 Paragraph 1 _Paragraph 2 _Paragraph 3 _Paragraph 4 _A Provide Clean WaterB Dig Oil WellsC Save Clean WaterD Dont LitterE Dont Be CrudeF Protect WildlifeJoying placed t

28、he buckets at all public-access areas to _.People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to _.Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to _.Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to _.A make new materialsB preserve wetland and animalsC have clean

29、airD have clean waterE collect cigarette buttsF collect disposed oil四、閱讀理解(共15題，共45.0分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題背面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其背面旳問(wèn)題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)旳位置上。 Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking UprightMost of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple a

30、ctivities that the majority of us dont question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GWs Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high-quality r

31、esources. The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources, in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large apeone that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we share

32、d in common with living chimpanzeesto walk on two legs.“These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs,” said Dr. Richmond.The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of f

33、our in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands. Over time, intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where com

34、petition for food or other resources was strong.Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto Universitys “outdoor laboratory” in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of t

35、wo different types of nutthe oil palm nut, which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not. The chimpanzees behavior was monitored in three situations: (a) when only oil palm nuts were available, (b) when a small number of coula nuts were available, and (c) when coula nuts were

36、the majority available resource.When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more

37、highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.In such high-competition settings, the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource,

38、 but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything availableeven their mouths.The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for

39、 rare and unpredictable resources. Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.31 Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fi

40、rst two paragraphs?A Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.B Chimpanzees behaviors may suggest why humans walk on two legs.C Human walking upright is viewed as an adaptation to carrying precious resources.D Our ancestors ecological conditions resembled those

41、of modern-day chimpanzees.Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of findingA when humans began walking on two legs.B what made our ancestors walk upright?C what benefits walking upright brought to our ancestors.D how walking upright helped chimpanzees monopolize resources.Kyoto Unive

42、rsitys study discovered that chimpanzeesA regarded both types of nut as priced resources.B preferred oil palm nuts to coula nuts.C liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.D ignored both types of nut altogether.Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs during Kyoto Universitys experiment?A Because

43、 they imitated the human way of walking just for fun.B Because they wanted to please the researchers to get more coula nuts from them.C Because they wanted to get to the nut-rich forest faster by walking that way.D Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.What can we infer from the

44、 reading passage?A Chimpanzees are in the same process of evolution as our ancestors were.B Chimpanzees are similar to humans in many behaviors.C Walking on two limbs and walking on four limbs each have their advantages.D Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.Pool Watch Swimmers

45、 can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in trouble. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties. Now a French company has de

46、veloped an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of drowning. When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguards paper. In trials at a pool in Anceni

47、s, near Nantes, it saved a life within just a few months, says Alistair MeQuade, a spokesman for its maker, Poseidon Technologies. Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overheard video cameras. AI software analyses the images to work out swimmers trajectories. To do this reliably,

48、 it has to tell the difference between a swimmer and the shadow of someone being cast onto the bottom or side of the pool. “The underwater environment is a very dynamic one, with many shadows and reflections dancing around.” Says McQuade. The software does this by “projecting” a shape in its field o

49、f view onto an image of the far wall of the pool. It does the same with an image from another camera viewing the shape from a different angle. If the two projections are in the same position, the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored. But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and so

50、 the system follows its trajectory. To pick out potential drowning victims, anyone in the water who starts to descend slowly is added to the softwares “pre-alert” list, says McQuade. Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or more are considered in danger of drowning. Poseid

51、on double-checks that the image really is of a swimmer, not a shadow, by seeing whether it obscures the pools floor texture when viewed from overhead. If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing the swimmers location on a poolside screen. The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened ne

52、xt week at a pool in High Wycombe. Buckinghamshire. One man who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis, inventor of the clockwork radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools-and he was once an underwater escapologist with a circus. “I say full marks to them if this works and can s

53、ave lives,” he says. But he adds that any local authority spending 30,000-plus on a Poseidon system ought to be investing similar amounts in teaching children to swim.36 AI means the same as_.A an image B an ideaC anyone in the waterD artificial intelligence What is required of AI software to save a

54、 life? A It must be able to swim. B It must keep walking round the pool. C It can distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow. D It can save a life within a few months.How does Poseidon save a life?A He plunges into the pool. B It alerts the lifeguard. C He cries for help. D It rushes to the pool. Wh

55、ich of the following statements about Trevor baylis is NOT true?A He runs. B He invented the clockwork radio. C He was once an entertainer. D He runs a company. The word “considered” in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by _.A “thought”B “rated”C “regarded”D “believed”Computers The initial impact o

56、f computers was in the area of entertainment. If you walked by a video arcade in the early 1980s, you could not have failed to notice that the use of video games was growing at what some considered an alarming rate. In 1981 the movie industry grossed $3 billion, video games took in an estimated $6 b

57、illion. That gives you some idea of just how big the computer industry had become. Video games employ the same technology as personal computers, and indeed many who bought personal computers did so primarily for playing games at home, thus saving their quarters. Though video games are not as popular

58、 as they were a few years ago, they did provide consumer with their first real reason to buy PCs. A more recent computer innovation, desktop publishing, supplies one good reason for those who write for a living to buy a PC. Desktop publishing is a deceptively simple description for an extremely comp

59、lex group of hardware and software tools. You can now write text, edit text, draw illustrations, incorporate photographs, design page layouts, and print a finished document with a relatively inexpensive computer and laser printer. Although the new technology offers new freedom, there is a price to b

60、e paid for this freedom. With total control comes total responsibility. In fact, the issue of social responsibility in our new computer age has long been a topic of debate among computer enthusiasts. Some people are concerned with the long-term social effects of the so-called computer revolution. Ir