Oracle11gR2“加”RAC“加”ASM“加”OracleLinux64安裝詳解

1、.：.； HYPERLINK /xmlrpc.php?r=blog/article&uid=29655480&id=4681 Oracle 11g R2+RAC+ASM+OracleLinux6.4安裝詳解圖2021-12-08 18:10:28分類：Oracle一、版本闡明發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)上相關(guān)文章很多但是不是很專，因此細(xì)化版本為了使文章更加適用。這次搭建的是Oracle 11g R2 的RAC環(huán)境，運用的操作系統(tǒng)版本為Oracle Linux 6.4點擊(此處)折疊或翻開rootnode1 # lsb_release -aLSB Version: :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-n

2、oarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarchDistributor ID: OracleServerDescription: Oracle Linux Server release 6.4Release: 6.4Codename: n/a內(nèi)核版本：點擊(此處)折疊或翻開rootnode1 # uname -r2.6.39-400.17.1.el6uek.x86_64UEK代表Unbreakable Enterpr

3、ise Kernel，是Oracle專門為Oracle Linux定制的內(nèi)核，可以提供在線支持和對數(shù)據(jù)庫的支持，算是OracleLinux的賣點之一。本文中一些配置過程會因適用UEK版本而得到簡化二、Oracle 11g R2 RAC安裝整體步驟1.效力器預(yù)備 (system, storage, and network administration):安裝操作系統(tǒng)并晉級到滿足Oracle安裝要求的版本。創(chuàng)建安裝所需求的組、用戶以及軟件的家目錄。設(shè)置GNS域名假設(shè)您計劃部署GNS，并且完成網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址在DNS和效力器上的配置。設(shè)置所要求的存儲。將一切安裝文件拷貝到一個節(jié)點上。2.安裝Oracle G

4、rid集群根底架構(gòu), 包括Oracle Clusterware和Oracle ASM (system and storage administration):為集群安裝Oracle Grid根底架構(gòu)軟件。在安裝過程中，F(xiàn)ixup腳本進(jìn)展操作系統(tǒng)參數(shù)、SSH和用戶環(huán)境變量等參數(shù)的附加調(diào)整。晉級Oracle Clusterware和Oracle ASM到最新補丁。3.安裝Oracle RAC (database administration): 安裝Oracle RAC 打補丁到最新版本 完成安裝后的調(diào)試三、詳細(xì)安裝過程及闡明參考官方文檔1.經(jīng)過SecureCRT或TerminalX建立命令行銜接

5、。2.在每一個節(jié)點上添加安裝Oracle Grid的用戶、組和家目錄，并設(shè)置權(quán)限。點擊(此處)折疊或翻開# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1000 oinstall# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1020 asmadmin# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1021 asmdba# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1022 asmoper# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1031 dba# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1032 oper# useradd -u 1100 -g oinstall -G asmad

6、min,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid# useradd -u 1101 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle# mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid# mkdir -p /u01/app/grid# chown -R grid:oinstall /u01# mkdir /u01/app/oracle# chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle# chmod -R 775 /u01/參照官方文檔，采用GI與DB分開安裝和權(quán)限的戰(zhàn)略，對于多實例管理有利。3.檢查效力器各個節(jié)點的

7、配置能否符合安裝要求I.效力器硬盤空間要求/tmp目錄大小至少：1GB安裝Grid Infrastracture所需空間：6.6GB安裝Oracle Database所需空間：4GB此外安裝過程中分析、搜集、跟蹤文件所需空間：10GB建議總共至少30GB，放心！此處不包含ASM或NFS的空間需求II.效力器內(nèi)存要求內(nèi)存大?。褐辽?.5GBSwap大?。寒?dāng)內(nèi)存為2.5GB-16GB時，Swap需求大于等于系統(tǒng)內(nèi)存。當(dāng)內(nèi)存大于16GB時，Swap等于16GB即可。III.檢查和調(diào)試代碼查看內(nèi)存及Swap大小的命令如下。點擊(此處)折疊或翻開# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

8、# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo查看/tmp目錄以及配置單獨lv的命令如下。點擊(此處)折疊或翻開# df -h /tmp# lvcreate -L 2G -n lv_tmp vg_temp# mount /dev/vg_temp/lv_tmp /tmp# df -h /tmp4.設(shè)置操作系統(tǒng)相關(guān)參數(shù) 這一項在非Oracle Linux的操作系統(tǒng)中算是一項比較繁瑣的任務(wù)，然而我們這次安裝的版本是Oracle Linux 6.4 withUnbreakable Enterprise Kernel，因此我們有了更簡單的方法，就是經(jīng)過安裝Oracle Preinstall

9、ation RPM來實現(xiàn)相關(guān)操作系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的調(diào)整和軟件包的安裝。這個安裝包主要完成以下任務(wù)：Automatically downloads and installs any additional RPM packages needed for installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database, and resolves any dependenciesCreates anoracleuser, and creates the oraInventory (oinstall) and OSDBA (dba) groups for th

10、at userAs needed, setssysctl.confsettings, system startup parameters, and driver parameters to values based on recommendations from the Oracle Preinstallation RPM programSets hard and soft resource limitsSets other recommended parameters, depending on your kernel version此安裝包位于操作系統(tǒng)安裝盤的Packages目錄下。點擊(

11、此處)折疊或翻開# cd /mnt/install_DVD# cd Packages# ll | grep preinstall-rw-r-r- 1 root root 15524 Jan 16 2021 oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-7.el6.x86_64.rpm# rpm -ivh oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-7.el6.x86_64.rpm安裝包修正/etc/sysctl.conf的內(nèi)容如下：其中標(biāo)有oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall字樣注釋的

12、便是安裝包所添加的參數(shù)。點擊(此處)折疊或翻開# cat /etc/sysctl.conf# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux# For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and# sysctl.conf(5) for more details.# Controls IP packet forwardingnet.ipv4.ip_forward = 0# Controls source route verificationnet.ipv4.con

13、f.default.rp_filter = 1# Do not accept source routingnet.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernelkernel.sysrq = 0# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applicatio

14、ns.kernel.core_uses_pid = 1# Controls the use of TCP syncookiesnet.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1# Disable netfilter on .bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queuekernel.msgmnb = 6553

15、6# Controls the maximum size of a message, in byteskernel.msgmax = 65536# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for fs.file-max is 6815744fs.file-max = 6815744# oracle-rdbms-se

16、rver-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.sem is 250 32000 100 128kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmmni is 4096kernel.shmmni = 4096# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmall is 1073741824 on x86_64# oracle-rdbms-server-11g

17、R2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmall is 2097152 on i386kernel.shmall = 1073741824# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmmax is 4398046511104 on x86_64# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmmax is 4294967295 on i386kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104# oracle-r

18、dbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.core.rmem_default is 262144net.core.rmem_default = 262144# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.core.rmem_max is 4194304net.core.rmem_max = 4194304# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.core.wmem_default is 262144net.core.w

19、mem_default = 262144# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.core.wmem_max is 1048576net.core.wmem_max = 1048576# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for fs.aio-max-nr is 1048576fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_ra

20、nge is 9000 65500net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 655005.配置Oracle網(wǎng)絡(luò)I.硬件配置要求每個效力器節(jié)點至少需求2塊網(wǎng)卡，一塊對外網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口，一塊私有網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口心跳。假設(shè)他經(jīng)過OUI安裝Oracle集群軟件，需求保證每個節(jié)點用于外網(wǎng)或私網(wǎng)接口網(wǎng)卡名保證一致。比如，node1運用eth0作為對外接口，node2就不能運用eth1作為對外接口。II.IP配置要求存在為集群效力的DHCPDHCP能為每個節(jié)點提供足夠的IP，一個虛擬IP、3個SCAN IPIII.非GNS下手動配置IP實例6.檢查操作系統(tǒng)軟件包首先，根據(jù)操作系統(tǒng)版本到官方文

21、檔中找到安裝包需求列表，如以下圖可以經(jīng)過mount安裝盤或直接經(jīng)過yum源檢查和安裝所需求的包：點擊(此處)折疊或翻開# rpm -qa packages_name# rpm -ivh packages_name# yum list packages_name# yum install packages_name這里還要提一下：CVUdisk這個包也可以在這個時候一同安裝好，以備之后運用CVU時會用到。點擊(此處)折疊或翻開# 檢查能否曾經(jīng)安裝# rpm -qi cvuqdisk# 假設(shè)已安裝需求先卸載之前的版本# rpm -e cvuqdisk# 安裝新版本# CVUQDISK_GRP=oi

22、nstall; export CVUQDISK_GRP# rpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm7.封鎖NTP及端口范圍參數(shù)修正點擊(此處)折疊或翻開# Oracle建議運用Oracle Cluster Time Synchronization Service，因此封鎖刪除NTP# /sbin/service ntpd stop# chkconfig ntpd off# rm /etc/ntp.conf (mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.old)# rm /var/run/ntpd.pid檢查TCP/UDP端口范圍#cat /proc/sys/

23、net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range假設(shè)曾經(jīng)顯示9000 65500,就不用進(jìn)展下面的步驟了# echo 9000 65500 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range# vim /etc/sysctl.conf# 添加此行：# TCP/UDP port rangenet.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500# 重啟網(wǎng)絡(luò)# /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart8.調(diào)整.bash_profile內(nèi)容并設(shè)置顯示地址點擊(此處)折疊或翻開設(shè)置參數(shù)：$ su - root# mkd

24、ir /mount_point/tmp# chmod 775 /mount_point/tmp# exit$ vi .bash_profile參與行：TEMP=/mount_point/tmpTMPDIR=/mount_point/tmpexport TEMP TMPDIR參與行：umask 022參與行：DISPLAY=local_IP:0.0 ; export DISPLAYlocal_IP為他要將安裝視圖所顯示的桌面地址檢查設(shè)置參數(shù)$ umask$ env | more$ echo $DISPLAY$ echo $TEMP$ echo $TMPDIR9.配置SSH互信這是很關(guān)鍵的一步，雖

25、然官方文檔中聲稱安裝GI和RAC的時候OUI會自動配置SSH，但為了在安裝之前運用CVU檢查各項配置，還是手動配置互信更優(yōu)。點擊(此處)折疊或翻開配置過程如下：各節(jié)點生成Keys：rootrac1 # su - oracleoraclerac1 $ mkdir /.sshoraclerac1 $ chmod 700 /.sshoraclerac1 $ ssh-keygen -t rsaoraclerac1 $ ssh-keygen -t dsarootrac2 # su - oracleoraclerac2 $ mkdir /.sshoraclerac2 $ chmod 700 /.sshor

26、aclerac2 $ ssh-keygen -t rsaoraclerac2 $ ssh-keygen -t dsa在節(jié)點1上進(jìn)展互信配置：oraclerac1 $ touch /.ssh/authorized_keysoraclerac1 $ cd /.sshoraclerac1 .ssh$ ssh rac1 cat /.ssh/id_rsa.pub authorized_keysoraclerac1 .ssh$ ssh rac2 cat /.ssh/id_rsa.pub authorized_keysoraclerac1 .ssh$ ssh rac1 cat /.ssh/id_dsa.pu

27、b authorized_keysoraclerac1 .ssh$ ssh rac2 cat /.ssh/id_dsa.pub authorized_keys在rac1把存儲公鑰信息的驗證文件傳送到rac2上oraclerac1 .ssh$ pwd/home/oracle/.sshoraclerac1 .ssh$ scp authorized_keys rac2:pwdoraclerac2s password:authorized_keys 100% 1644 1.6KB/s 00:00設(shè)置驗證文件的權(quán)限在每一個節(jié)點執(zhí)行：$ chmod 600 /.ssh/authorized_keys啟用用

28、戶一致性在他要運轉(zhuǎn)OUI的節(jié)點以oracle用戶運轉(zhuǎn)(這里選擇rac1)：oraclerac1 .ssh$ exec /usr/bin/ssh-agent $SHELLoraclerac1 .ssh$ ssh-addIdentity added: /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa (/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa)Identity added: /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa (/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa)驗證ssh配置能否正確以oracle用戶在一切節(jié)點分別執(zhí)行：ssh rac1 datessh rac2 datess

29、h rac1-priv datessh rac2-priv date假設(shè)不需求輸入密碼就可以輸出時間，闡明ssh驗證配置勝利。必需把以上命令在兩個節(jié)點都運轉(zhuǎn)，每一個命令在第一次執(zhí)行的時候需求輸入yes。假設(shè)不運轉(zhuǎn)這些命令，即使ssh驗證曾經(jīng)配好，安裝clusterware的時候也會出現(xiàn)錯誤：The specified nodes are not clusterable由于，配好ssh后，還需求在第一次訪問時輸入yes，才算是真正的無妨礙訪問其他效力器。請謹(jǐn)記，SSH互信需求實現(xiàn)的就是各個節(jié)點之間可以無密碼進(jìn)展SSH訪問。10.為Grid集群根底軟件配置存儲運用ASMOracle所允許的存儲主要

30、有ASM、NFS和ACFS等，這里僅引見ASM的配置過程。1安裝ASM配置軟件點擊(此處)折疊或翻開依然是可以經(jīng)過yum或者系統(tǒng)DVD光盤安裝# cd /mnt/install_DVD/Packages# rpm -qi oracleasm# rpm -qi oracleasm-support# rpm -qi oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm/我們是Oracle Linux系統(tǒng)，此版本曾經(jīng)集成了oracleasm和oracleasmlib，所以就不用再安裝了2規(guī)劃ASM磁盤組官方文檔中規(guī)定了不同冗余戰(zhàn)略下OCR、Voting Disk、Data

31、base和Recovery所需求的大小。找到存儲管理員，把規(guī)劃好的磁盤都讓他給他配置好3配置ASM點擊(此處)折疊或翻開格式化每個磁盤rootrac1 # fdisk /dev/sdb完成后我們經(jīng)過fdisk -l查看一下rootrac1 # fdisk -lrootrac1 # /usr/sbin/oracleasm configure -iDefault user to own the driver interface : gridDefault group to own the driver interface : asmadminStart Oracle ASM library dri

32、ver on boot (y/n) n: yScan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) y: yrootrac1 # /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL1 /dev/sdb1rootrac1 # /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL2 /dev/sdc1rootrac1 # /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL3 /dev/sdd1以下操作在另一個節(jié)點上進(jìn)展，RAC2上操作rootrac2 # oracleasm scandisks這里用到的是asmlib來做磁盤設(shè)備管理的，這里大家也可以運用UDEV來管理，在RHEL6中asmlib曾經(jīng)被廢棄了，以后就是UDEV的天下11.運用CVU檢查各個節(jié)點的配置任務(wù)千辛萬苦終于到了安裝前的最后一步點擊(此處)折疊