主語從句詳解及練習附答案

1、語法要點剖析一、名詞性從句主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句，在整個句子中所起的作用，相當于一個名詞。因此，這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞：that,whether,f(不充當從句的任何成分)連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.連接副詞：when,where,how,why1.主語從句作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導。

2、that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當從句的成分。例如：Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。有時為避免句子頭重腳輕常用形式主語t代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數形式。常用句型如下：(1

3、)It+be+名詞+that從句(2)It+be+形容詞+that從句(3)It+be+動詞的過去分詞+that從句(4)It+不及物動詞+that從句另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatItisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatItissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that2.賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從

4、句的關聯詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。1.由連接詞that引導的賓語從句由連接詞that引導賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時，第二個分句前的that不可省。例如：HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已經告訴我他明天要去上海。Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我們決不能認為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。注意：在demand、

5、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,demand,request,command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用（should）+動詞原形”。例如：Iinsistthatshe（should）doherworkalone.我堅持要她自己工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops（should）setoffatonce.司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等關聯詞引導的賓語從句相當于特殊

6、疑問句，應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告訴了你什么。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支持。用whether或if引導的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if在作“是否的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if：a.引導主語從句并在句首時；b引導表語從句時；c引導從句作介詞賓語時；d.從句后有

7、“ornot時；e.后接動詞不定式時。例如：Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應，當主句動詞是現在時，從句根據自身的句子情況，而使用不同時態(tài)。例如：hestudiesEnglisheveryday.（從句用一般現在時）hestudiedEnglishlastterm.（從句用一般過去時）Iknow（that）hewillstudyEnglishnextyear

8、.（從句用一般將來時）hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.（從句用現在完成時）當主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（could,would除外），從句則要用相應的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等；當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然現象，則從句仍用現在時態(tài)。例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmericathink,believe,imagine,suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：Wedontthinkyouarehere.我們認為你不在這。Ido

9、ntbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不會這樣做。3.表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用asf引導。其基本結構為：主語+系動詞+that從句。例如：Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事實是我們已經輸了這場比賽。Thatiswhyhedidntcometothemeeting.那就是他為什么不到會的原因。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，當主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導而不是because。例如：Therea

10、sonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning選擇：1.“IsMaryfromNewYorkCity”“Idontknow.”fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB.fromwhatcityshecomeC.whatcitydoesshecomefromD.whatcityshecomesfrom2.makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.WhateverThereasonwhyIdidntgotoShanghaiwasanewjob.A.be

11、causeIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgotItworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.forHenrykilledthedog.Illaskhimwhy.A.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdonesoHaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow.A.howheisgettingalongB.howishegettingalongC.whatheisgettingalongD.whatishegettinga

12、longItisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.C.whicheverD.wheneverB.whatwrongwasD.whattroubleitisC.ofthatD.thatwhatA.howeverB.whateverHeaskedmewithme.A.whatisthetroubleC.whatwasthematterIamsurehesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatIwonderhowmuchA.doesthewatchcostdidthewatchcostthewatchcostedthe

13、watchcostsMaryissomeonemightrecognizeher.A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidforIdontdoubthellcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether13.“Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang”“Well,IforgetIwassupposedtogoto.”A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasitsurprisedmemostwassuchalittleboyofsevenco

14、uldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That.whatB.What.thatC.That.whichD.What.whichwegoswimmingeverydayusalotofgood.A.If.doB.That.doC.If.doesD.That.doesOneofthemenheldtheviewA.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhich17.Ihavenoideaornothehasfinishedthework.A.ifB.that18.“Doyouknow“Hisfatherisadoctor.”A.whatishisfatherC.whathi

15、sfatheristhebooksaidwasright.D.whichthatC.whetherD.whichwhoishisfatherD.whohisfatherisTheydiscussedtheycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothershelp.A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whetherSheasked.A.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeupB.whatwasIdoingwhensherangmeupwhensherangmeupwhatIwasdoingD.whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoingIts

16、uncertaintheexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.howTheywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterdayitwasaholiday.A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.butfortheboydidnttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Whichwecantgetseemsbetterthanwehave.D.That,whatD.WhetherA.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,tha

17、tyoudontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.Thatwellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Wherehereallymeansishedisagreeswithus.A.WhatthatB.ThatwhatC.WhythatD.IfwhatisgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Whowellfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthet

18、ime.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.Thatthehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrowsmeeting.A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.Whathewontgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.Thisyoucomeornotisuptoyou.A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whethermakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybodyteamwillwinthematchisamatterofpubliccon

19、cern.A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.HowTheproblemiswillgotothemeeting.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.whothatishelikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.howthatisLuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.whyWhatImconsideringnowthemoneyweneed.A.isB.areC.wereD.wasCanyoutellmeA.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentlemanWeshouldthinkcarefullyaboutMr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.A.thatB.whatC.wh