2022年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)并列連詞解非謂語動(dòng)詞陷阱題技巧方法講義

1、并列連詞解非謂語動(dòng)詞陷阱題技巧方法講義一、借并列連詞識(shí)別平行結(jié)構(gòu)根據(jù)英語語法習(xí)慣，用并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)語法成分通常應(yīng)是平行的、對(duì)等的。若并列連詞連接的是兩個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞，原則上說它們應(yīng)是同一形式同為不定式，或同為-ing分詞，或同為-ed分詞。二、借并列連詞識(shí)別非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)與并列句考點(diǎn)有的考題從表面上看是在考查非謂語動(dòng)詞，而實(shí)際上是在考查并列句的有關(guān)知識(shí)，此時(shí)若能充分注意到句中的并列連詞，同時(shí)結(jié)合并列連詞對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析，問題往往可以迎刃而解。請(qǐng)看下面一道高考題：_the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will le

2、arn a lot about firefighting. (湖南卷)A.Having searchedB.To searchC.SearchingD.Search此題初看一眼，完全像是一道非謂語動(dòng)詞考題，因?yàn)樗膫€(gè)選項(xiàng)中有三項(xiàng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞。粗心的考生很可能會(huì)據(jù)此最先排除選項(xiàng)D，因?yàn)樗皇欠侵^語動(dòng)詞。其實(shí)，此題的答案正是D。做好本題的關(guān)鍵是要注意到句中的并列連詞and，由and可知這是一個(gè)并列句，and的后面是句子，其前面也應(yīng)是句子。由于句首無主語，可推斷它是祈使句，所以選動(dòng)詞原形，即答案為D。與上面的情況相反，如果兩個(gè)“句子”間沒有并列連詞，那么其中有個(gè)“句子”就肯定不是“句子”，因?yàn)樗鼪]有完

3、整的謂語。如下面這道高考題：The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent_at the end of last March. (山東卷)A.has been launchedB.having been launchedC.being launchedD.to be launched由于兩個(gè)“句子”間沒有并列連詞，所以空格處不可能填一個(gè)完整的謂語，據(jù)此我們可以最先排除選項(xiàng)A。又由于動(dòng)作于去年的三月底就已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以不能選表示未來動(dòng)作的不定式，即不能選D；又由于句子用了具體的過去時(shí)間狀語(at

4、the end of last March)，故不能選完成式，即不能選B。所以答案為C。其實(shí)the most recent being launched at the end of last March為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏聪旅嬉活}：The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons_for the day. (重慶卷)A.finishingB.finishedC.had finished D.were finished由于兩個(gè)“句子”間沒有并列連詞，所以空格處不可能填一個(gè)完整的謂語，據(jù)此我們可以最先排除選項(xiàng)C和D。再根據(jù)

5、句意，由于lessons與動(dòng)詞finish之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用過去分詞，即選B。其實(shí)，their lessons finished for the day也是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。我們最后再來看兩道題，這是兩道很容易混淆的考題：1.He wrote a lot of novels, none of them_into a foreign language.A.translatingB.translatedC.were translatedD.had translated2.He wrote a lot of novels, none of which_into a foreign language.

6、A.translatingB.translatedC.were translatedD.had translated我們先來分析第1題，根據(jù)前面的思路我們可以推知，空格處不能填一個(gè)完整的謂語，因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)“句子”之間沒有并列連詞，所以可以排除C和D；再根據(jù)“小說”與“翻譯”之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系可以確定答案為B而不是A。我們?cè)賮砜纯吹?題，其實(shí)這一題與第1題只有一個(gè)詞的差別，那就是將第1題中的them改成了which。粗心的考生很可能會(huì)忽略這一差別，仍將答案確定為A。但事實(shí)上，由于將句中的them改成了which，就使得第2題的句子由簡(jiǎn)單句變成了復(fù)合句，因?yàn)閚one of which在此引出一個(gè)定語從句

7、；而定語從句作為“句子”，它就必須要有完整的謂語，同時(shí)結(jié)合“小說”與“翻譯”之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，我們可以確定此題的答案為C而不是B。并列連詞的用法A conjunction is a word that grammatically connects two words, phrases, or clauses together. The most common examples are words like and and but.連詞在語法上連接兩個(gè)詞，短語或者句子。最常見的連詞是and和but。For example, I took the subway, and got off at 96t

8、h Street. Or, I took the subway, but there was a delay. However, conjunctions can come in many forms with many different functions.例如，我上了地鐵，然后在第96大街下車了或者我乘地鐵了，但是我還是耽擱了。然而，連詞有多種形式，自然也有不同的作用。Theyre a part of speech that can be broken down into several categories, and well explore each one in depth wit

9、h examples.連詞是一種詞性，可以被分成好多種類，我們將附以例子來深入探討每一種。Conjunctions can primarily be broken down into three categories:連詞主要可以分成三種：Coordinating conjunctions并列連詞Correlative conjunctions關(guān)聯(lián)連詞Subordinating conjunctions從屬連詞Coordinating conjunctions always come between two clauses in order to connect them. These are

10、 two ideas that are related and can therefore be placed into one longer sentence.并列連詞位于兩個(gè)從句中間，用來連接兩個(gè)句子。并列連詞連接的是兩種意義相近的想法，有了并列連詞的連接，兩個(gè)短句就可以被合寫成一個(gè)較長的句子。A coordinating conjunction is a conjunction like “and” and “but.” It joins together words, phrases, or clauses that are grammatically equal. The seven

11、 coordinating conjunctions are:并列連詞就是像and或者but這樣的連詞，它連接在語法上對(duì)等的單詞，短語和從句。以下是七個(gè)并列連詞。For因?yàn)锳nd和Nor也不But但是Or或者Yet然而So因此The seven coordinating conjunctions can be remembered using the acronym: FANBOYS這七個(gè)并列連詞可以用首字母縮寫的方式來記憶，即FANBOYS。For因?yàn)镕or shows reason or purpose (sometimes because can be used instead)For表

12、示原因或者是目的（有時(shí)候可以用instead來代替它）I go to the library, for I love to read.因?yàn)槲蚁矚g閱讀，所以我去圖書館。While the word “so” introduces the “effect” part of a cause-and-effect relationship, the word “for” introduces the cause.在因果關(guān)系里，so引出來的是結(jié)果，for引出來的是原因。My husband and I went to Costa Rica, for it was our five-year annive

13、rsary.我和我的丈夫去了哥斯達(dá)黎加，因?yàn)榇髱熚覀兘Y(jié)婚五周年紀(jì)念。Using the word “for” like this, however, can sound a bit formal and unnatural in spoken English. Instead, its better to use subordinating conjunctions like “because” or “since,” which well discuss later. Meanwhile, the word “for” can take different usages as a prepo

14、sition, not a conjunction. For example:在英語 HYPERLINK /category/12318434668?ch_source=ipo_qbmh_0_gjcdlwj t /YYST/BLJST/_blank o 更多口語內(nèi)容 口語中這樣使用for聽起來有點(diǎn)正式甚至不自然。相反，使用從屬連詞because或者since可能會(huì)好一點(diǎn)，這一點(diǎn)后期我們會(huì)進(jìn)行討論。同時(shí)for這個(gè)詞作為介詞用法完全不一樣。例如：What are you doing for New Years?你新年打算做什么？And和And connects two or more ideas.

15、And連接兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上的想法。I like to eat cookies, and I like to drink milk.我喜歡吃餅干，我喜歡喝牛奶。The conjunction “and” is used to join two or more items that make sense with each other.連詞and用來連接兩個(gè)或者多個(gè)成分，這些成分只有放在一起才有意義。I put mayonnaise and mustard in this sandwich.我把蛋黃醬和芥末放到三明治里。It can also be used to connect a series

16、 of events.它還可以用來連接一系列事件。Everyday after school, I go to the library and study.放學(xué)后的每一天我都去讀書館學(xué)習(xí)。If you want to list several items, use commas and the word “and” at the very end.如果你想列出多項(xiàng)，就可以使用逗號(hào)然后用單詞and進(jìn)行最后的連接。I wasted so much time, energy, and money on that trip.那次旅行，我浪費(fèi)了很多時(shí)間，精力和金錢。Nor也不Nor shows a no

17、n-contrasting, negative idea.Nor表示非對(duì)比的，否定的想法。I refuse to hug to people I dont know, nor will I kiss them.我拒絕擁抱我不認(rèn)識(shí)的人，當(dāng)然我也不會(huì)親吻他們。While “and” is used to join two positive items together, the conjunction “nor” is used to pair two negative items. Its found either with the word “not” or with the word “ne

18、ither.”And用來連接肯定的成分，nor用來連接否定的成分。Nor或者與not連用，或者與neither連用。He didnt return my calls, nor did he respond to any of my texts.他沒有回復(fù)我的電話，也沒有回復(fù)我的任何消息。Neither the yoga nor the running made my back feel any better.瑜伽和跑步都無法使我的背部感覺好起來。But但是But shows contrast or exception.But表示對(duì)比或者意外。Sheila likes soup, but som

19、etimes she orders something different.希拉喜歡喝湯，但是有時(shí)候他也會(huì)點(diǎn)別的。The conjunction “but” is used to join two items that contradict each other.連詞but用來連接互相矛盾的兩項(xiàng)。The dress was beautiful but slightly expensive.這件連衣裙很漂亮但是稍微有一點(diǎn)貴。A common usage of the word “but” is in the construction “notbut.” You can also use the

20、word “rather” to emphasize the contrast in the statement.But一個(gè)常見的用法就是與not連用，即notbut。也可以在陳述句中使用rather來強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比。It wasnt a bird but a squirrel thats been ravaging the garden.這不是一只鳥，而是毀壞花園的松鼠。Or或者Or shows choice or option.Or表示一種選擇。He could go to the bar, or he could go to work.他可以去酒吧，也可以去工作。The conjunction

21、 “or” can be used to present two or more options. Its often paired with the word “either.”連詞or可以用來表示兩種或者更多的選擇。Or常常與單詞either連用。Hes either flirting with me or just acts unusually nice to me.他可能是跟我調(diào)情，也可能就是對(duì)我很好。Yet然而Yet also shows contrast or exception.Yet表示一種對(duì)比或者一種例外。He had been crying all day, yet the

22、 man made him laugh.他哭了一整天，然而那個(gè)人卻使他發(fā)笑。The conjunction “yet” is very similar to “but.”連詞yet與but很像。The sauce was sweet yet had a spicy flavor to it.醬汁很甜，然而它也有一種辛辣的味道。Dont get this conjunction mixed up with the other usage of the word “yet.” For example:不要把這個(gè)連詞yet和單詞yet的用法弄混。例如：Did she call you back ye

23、t?她給你回電話了嘛？So因此So shows consequence.So表示結(jié)果。The lady was feeling ill, so she went home to bed.那個(gè)女士病了，所以她回家睡覺了。If you want to express a cause-and-effect relationship, you can use the conjunction “so.” It introduces a clause that is the effect of a previous clause.如果你想表達(dá)因果關(guān)系，你可以使用連詞so。So引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句，這個(gè)從句是前一個(gè)從句的結(jié)果。It was the week before Christmas, so the mall was unusually hectic.這是圣誕節(jié)前一個(gè)周末，所以購物中心出奇的擠。Notice that the word “so” ca