開放英語21923單元課程階段復(fù)習(xí)課件

1、開放英語 2 19-23單元課程階段復(fù)習(xí)This is English 2齊艷生大連廣播電視大學(xué)：教授 課程階段復(fù)習(xí)19-23單元的部分重難點(diǎn) 19-23單元部分教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)Unit 19 Talking about the past 談?wù)撨^去 The simple past tense 一般過去時(shí) 在學(xué)習(xí)中同學(xué)們經(jīng)常遇到動(dòng)詞后加ed的情況，它是動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞的規(guī)則變化形式。只要句中出現(xiàn)了動(dòng)詞的過去式，它就表示過去某時(shí)曾發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作或過去曾存在的狀態(tài)，語法中稱其為一般過去時(shí)（而過去分詞用在完成時(shí)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)中）。動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞變化形式規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞： 1. V + ed-

2、ed的讀音規(guī)則：動(dòng)詞清輔音結(jié)尾，讀清輔音t動(dòng)詞以元音和濁輔音及其它音結(jié)尾，讀濁輔音d動(dòng)詞以t和d結(jié)尾，讀id 2. 以-e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞，直接在后面加d 如: like, love move, agree, arrange, believe, hate, die, arrive等3. 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，改y為i加-ed 如: study, try, marry, cry, carry4. 以元音字母y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加-ed 如: enjoy, play, stay, obey5. 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾（即以輔音字母結(jié)尾，其前只有一個(gè)元音字母，并且最后一個(gè)音節(jié)重讀）的動(dòng)詞，雙寫最

3、后一個(gè)字母加-ed:如: stop， plan， trip， beg， admit6. 以-l和-p結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，如果其前只有一個(gè)元音字母，盡管重音不在最后一個(gè)音節(jié)上，也要雙寫+ed （在美式英語中可以不雙寫）： 如: travel， kidnap 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞（Irregular Verbs）不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞：1. Group One: A-A-A型（即過去式、過去分詞和原型相同的動(dòng)詞）：cost, cut, hit, hurt, let, put, read, set, 2. Group Two: A-B-B型：(即過去式和過去分詞相同的動(dòng)詞)bring broughtbrough

4、tbuild built builtbuy bought boughtcatch caught caught3. Group Three: A-B-C型awakeawokeawokenwakewokewokenriseroserisenbeginbeganbegunblowblewblownbreakbrokebroken4. Group Four: Other Typescomecamecomebecomebecame becomerunranrunbeatbeatbeatenbewas/werebeencancould 一般過去時(shí)用法：用來敘述過去發(fā)生的事情1. 表示過去某時(shí)曾發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作

5、或過去曾存在的狀 態(tài)。 A. 指明時(shí)間的過去行動(dòng)。 e.g. He left for Hawaii the day before yesterday. We were in New York last year B. 雖未指明時(shí)間，但行動(dòng)顯然在過去某時(shí)發(fā)生。 e.g. He spent one hour on his homework and two hours in writing his composition. Where did you meet her? 2. 表示過去曾經(jīng)持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。e.g. He worked in that bank for four years. I

6、 lived in Rome for ages. How long did you live in Rome?3. 表示過去的習(xí)慣或過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。e.g. He drank beer when he was young; but now he drinks wine Unit 20 Out in the Evening 夜生活 some-, any-, no-, every-構(gòu)成的不定代詞1. 形式：some-any-no-every-someoneanyoneno oneeveryonesomebodyanybodynobodyeverybodysomethinganythingnot

7、hingeverything2. 用法：someone/somebody/somethingA. 用在肯定句中： e.g. Someone wants to talk with you. I had something to tell you, but I forgot. B. 用于表示請求、建議或希望得到肯定回答的疑 問句中： e.g. How about buying something to eat? Would you like something to drink?2) anyone / anybody / anything用于疑問句、否定句和條件句中： e.g. Did anybo

8、dy see you? Is there anything in that box? I didnt meet anybody on the way. If anybody knows her telephone number， please tell me.B. 用于肯定句中表示加強(qiáng)語氣，意為“不論誰，不論什么，任何人，任何物”：e.g. Anybody can do that. I will do anything for you.3) no one/nobody/nothing與肯定的謂語動(dòng)詞連用表示否定：e.g. I know nothing about it. No one beli

9、eves it. Nobody will listen to him 4) everyone/everybody/everything用個(gè)體概括整體，意為“每個(gè)人物都”e.g. Is everybody here? Money is not everything. Everyone in the class passed the maths exam.3. 需要注意的幾點(diǎn)：A. 上述代詞用作主語時(shí)，謂語一般用單數(shù)B. 用代詞指代上述表示人的代詞時(shí)，一般用 he/him，但現(xiàn)在多用復(fù)數(shù)代詞they, them來指 代。C. 上述代詞中用于指人的代詞之后可以加-s構(gòu)成所有格。D. 后面可以跟els

10、e；指人的代詞后還可以跟elses，構(gòu)成所有格。E. 上述不定代詞后可以接(for sb.)to do sth.F. 如果有形容詞作定語，該形容詞需置于不定代詞之后。 although but because的用法1. Although: 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，“雖然但是”，不可以與but同時(shí)使用。 e.g. Although he is quite old, he still runs every day.2. but: 對等連接詞，“但是，然而”。 e.g. He is young but very experienced. He was angry, but he listened to m

11、e patiently.3. because: 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，引起的從句常放在句末，不可與so同時(shí)使用。 e.g. I do it because I like it. Because he is tired, he does not want to go with us.提出建議和回復(fù)建議1. 提出建議How/What about +n./doing?Why dont we +v.?Shall we +v.?Lets + v.2. 回復(fù)別人提出的建議1) 表示同意他人提出的建議，可以說：OK.Thats a good idea.Great.Brilliant.Fantastic.That

12、s a brilliant idea.Thats a fantastic idea.2) 表示不同意他人建議，一般應(yīng)說明理由或提出相反建議。Id rather do sth. / Id rather not.I prefer sth. /to do sth.A. would rather do或would rather not doe.g. -Shall we go swimming tomorrow? -Id rather play tennis. -Id rather not. I am quite tired.另外：would rather do sth. than do sth. 寧

13、愿而不愿e.g. Id rather play tennis than swim. B. prefer用于回答建議時(shí)，與would連用時(shí)：Id prefer to do sth.e.g. -Shall we go to the theatre tonight? -Id prefer to see a film.另外：prefer to do sth rather than (to) do sth 寧愿 而不愿 prefer doing sth to doing sth 喜歡做某事而不喜歡做，寧愿做某事而不愿做 prefer sth to sth 喜歡勝過喜歡e.g. I prefer to g

14、o to the cinema rather than stay home. I prefer going to the cinema to staying home. I prefer coffee to tea. very 和really修飾形容詞 very 和really都可作為副詞修飾形容詞，起到強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，really比very語氣強(qiáng)。really幾乎可以同所有形容詞搭配；very可以修飾大多數(shù)形容詞，但不能和表示極限的形容詞搭配。 英語中的形容詞可分為級別形容詞和極限形容詞兩類，級別形容詞有比較級和最高級，而極限形容詞本身就表示極限的概念，所以一般沒有比較級和最高級。級別形容詞：a

15、very/really interesting booka very/really charming person 極限形容詞perfect, amazing, fantastic, wonderful, great等 Unit 21 The Music Scene 音樂場景 幾種表示將來的形式1. will + v.：表示預(yù)測、意圖或?qū)硪l(fā)生 的事情、存在的狀態(tài)2. be going to do：表示預(yù)測、意圖3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：已經(jīng)安排好確定要發(fā)生的事 情，主觀意圖4. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：已經(jīng)安排好確定要發(fā)生的事 情，客觀安排 will與be going to 的區(qū)別:表意圖時(shí)，be going

16、 to暗示一種經(jīng)過考慮的計(jì)劃，暗示在說話之前已作出決定；而will表示沒有經(jīng)過仔細(xì)考慮的主觀意圖，有可能是說話當(dāng)時(shí)才作出的決定。表預(yù)測時(shí)，be going to著重于有發(fā)生某事的跡象，而will表示說話者認(rèn)為、相信、希望或擔(dān)心會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。另外，在表預(yù)測時(shí)，be going to通常用來表示馬上就要發(fā)生的事情，而will不含任何具體時(shí)間，可以指遙遠(yuǎn)的將來。 be going to與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：表意圖時(shí)可以互換，作用和意義沒有變化，注意應(yīng)避免在be going to之后接go, come等運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞，這類動(dòng)詞在表示將來意圖時(shí)，最好用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。be going to可以表示預(yù)測，此時(shí)不可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行

17、時(shí)替代。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的是客觀的決定，而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示的是主觀的意圖。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示根據(jù)時(shí)間表的規(guī)定行事，而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是一次性的臨時(shí)行為。 rent和hire的用法 都當(dāng)“租用”講，但rent一般用于較長時(shí)間的場合，hire一般用于較短時(shí)間的場合：e.g. rent a flat/an apartment hire a boat/a car/a bicycle/a place要表示雇用人做某事時(shí)，必須用hire. return, give back return sth. (to sb.)= give sth back (to sb.)歸還，返還e.g. Please

18、 return the book to the library. She borrowed the book on Monday and gave it back on Friday.return可以接雙賓語 return sb sth = return sth to sbe.g. She returned me the book last Sunday. She returned the book to me last Sunday.return也可以表示“返回”等于go back,或come back,但是，return后不能接back，因?yàn)槠浔旧硪呀?jīng)含有back的含義了，因此，同學(xué)們切記

19、：return做“返回”“歸還”“返還”講時(shí)，后不接back. Unit 22 Sport 體育運(yùn)動(dòng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞have/has加動(dòng)詞過去分詞構(gòu)成，即have (has)+過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式：have (has)+ not+動(dòng)詞過去分詞.e.g. Xiao Yan has not (=hasnt) played tennis before. They have not (=havent) had supper.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句形式：have (has) +主語+動(dòng)詞過去分詞e.g. Have you had supper yet? Has Xi

20、ao Yan played tennis before? 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法 表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼挠绊懟虍a(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。e.g. Have you eaten ? (If not, we can eat now ) 你吃飯了嗎？（如果沒吃，我們現(xiàn)在去吃） She has lost her wallet . (So she cant buy the ticket now.) 她丟了錢包。（所以現(xiàn)在沒 錢買票）表示某人的經(jīng)歷。e.g. I have been to Beijing. 我曾經(jīng)到過北京。 She has read the book twice. 這本書她已經(jīng)看過兩遍了。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)都是指過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼挠绊懟虍a(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用，如：yet, jus