如何分析英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)

1、關(guān)于如何分析英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)第一張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一、要弄清楚英語(yǔ)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，我們先要弄清楚組成一個(gè)句子的各個(gè)組成部分，即句子的成分：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)的概念。1、主語(yǔ)：是一個(gè)句子所要說(shuō)明的人和事物，是一句的主體。如 I study English.作主語(yǔ)的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和主語(yǔ)從句。To lose your heart means failure. Dancing is fun. To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.第二張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月分析句子

2、成分,找出主語(yǔ)。1. Tom is an American student studying in China.2. He, together with his parents, plans to go back to America in the summer vacation. 3. However, how they will go there has not been decided. 4. Each of his classmates wishes his family will have a happy holiday. 5. It is a bad habit to go to

3、school without breakfast.第三張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2、謂語(yǔ)：它是說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的，如 I study English中的 study.作謂語(yǔ)的有：及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。（凡是句子就有時(shí)態(tài)）The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.So far they have dug more than 100 wells to get enough drinking water.I dont know why he was late for class this morning.第四張，PPT共

4、二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3、賓語(yǔ)：它是表示及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)所作用的對(duì)象的，如 I study English. 作賓語(yǔ)的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和賓語(yǔ)從句。I am fond of singing.I am sorry for what I have done to you.第五張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4、表語(yǔ)：它是放在連系動(dòng)詞之后表示主語(yǔ)的身份或特征的，如 That sounds a good idea.連系動(dòng)詞有：be, seem, keeplook, feel, sound, smell, tastebecome, get, turn, fal

5、l作表語(yǔ)的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、表地點(diǎn)或方位的副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞和表語(yǔ)從句。Her job is to clean the hall.My dream is to become a scientist.The cake tastes good.The reason why I was late for school is that my bike broke down.第六張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5、定語(yǔ)：它是限定名詞或代詞用的，作定語(yǔ)的有：名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞和定語(yǔ)從句，若是詞則多作前置定語(yǔ)，若是短語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句則只能作

6、后置定語(yǔ)。如：the polluted riverthe river polluted by chemicalsThe bridge is over the river which is polluted by chemicals.第七張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6、狀語(yǔ)：它是修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句用的。如I like it very much中的very 修飾much,而much 又修飾like。作狀語(yǔ)的有：副詞（短語(yǔ)）、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、分詞（短語(yǔ)）和狀語(yǔ)從句等。狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨情況等。其位置多位于句首或句尾。地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間

7、應(yīng)按先小后大的順序。The Olympic Games was held in Beijing, China, on August 8th., 2008.Unfortunately, he didnt pass the exam.第八張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明句中的主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)的，作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有：名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式和分詞（短語(yǔ)）。如I find it interesting.The teacher came into the classroom with a book in her hand. 8、同位語(yǔ)：把一個(gè)名詞（短語(yǔ)）、代詞或從句放在另一名詞

8、或代詞后，用以說(shuō)明前者的性質(zhì)或情況，這樣的名詞或代詞叫同位語(yǔ)。如J.K. Rowling, the writer of Harry Potter, is a mother of three children.The news that her husband has won the game moves her to tears.第九張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二、按照句子的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)分，英語(yǔ)的句子有以下三種類型：1、簡(jiǎn)單句：簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（或并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）。如：My brother and I go to school at half past se

9、ven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.2、并列句：并列句由并列連詞（and,or,but,so等）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。如：It is late , so we must hurry.I like classical music, and I like country music too.第十張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3、復(fù)合句：復(fù)合句中含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句。如：If we want to keep fit , we must always remember that pr

10、evention is better than cure. 從以上并列句和復(fù)合句的例句來(lái)看，我們不難看出它們實(shí)際上是由幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句通過(guò)并列連詞或從屬連詞連接起來(lái)的。因此，只要我們掌握了簡(jiǎn)單句的幾種基本句型，我們就可以通過(guò)在句中尋找起連接作用的連詞來(lái)分析復(fù)雜的句子。第十一張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月三、簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型： 1、主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ) 如：Im not feeling well today.Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. Our English teacher is thirty years old.The

11、 cake tastes delicious. The potatoes went bad in the fields.Their boss seems satisfied with our work. 第十二張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月鞏固練習(xí)：1冬季白天短，夜晚長(zhǎng)2十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。 3樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了。4她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.The leaves ha

12、ve turned yellow.Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.第十三張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞（或短語(yǔ)）（+狀語(yǔ)） 如：The sun rises in the east.The Opium War broke out in 1839.1. The red sun rises in the east.2. They had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4. She s

13、at there alone, reading a novel.5. He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.第十四張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月鞏固練習(xí)：1她昨天回家很晚。 2會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。3. 2008年5月12日，四川發(fā)生地震。4. 五年前我住在北京。An earthquake happened in Sichuan on May 12th, 2008.She went home very

14、late yesterday. The meeting will last two hours.I lived in Beijing five years ago.第十五張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞（或短語(yǔ)）+賓語(yǔ) 如： I like apples. / I hate to be cheated.They decided to hold a class meeting.We depend on our parents for food and clothing. 在此句型中，我們要掌握接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)和接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。第十六張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2

15、022年6月常與不定式做賓語(yǔ)連用的動(dòng)詞有：agree(同意)， aim(目的在于)， ask（要求）,arrange(安排)， attempt(試圖),ask(要求)，beg(請(qǐng)求)，claim(聲稱), dare（敢于）,decline （拒絕）,decide （決定）,demand （要求）,desire （ 期望）, determine(決定), expect (期望), hesitate（猶豫）, hope（希望）,intend（傾向于）, long(渴望), manage(設(shè)法做), neglect（否認(rèn)）,offer(表示要), plan(計(jì)劃), prepare(準(zhǔn)備), pre

16、tend(假裝), promise（答應(yīng)）, prove（證明）, refuse(拒絕),re-solve（決心）, seek （試圖）, swear（發(fā)誓）, tend （傾向于), threaten （ 威脅）, adventure（冒險(xiǎn)）, volunteer （志愿）, vote（投票）, vow（發(fā)誓）, wish (希望)等。+to do第十七張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月常與動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)連用的動(dòng)詞有：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse , delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, adm

17、it（承認(rèn)）， deny（否認(rèn)）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒險(xiǎn)）, appreciate（感激）be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from), keep from, stopfrom, protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, get used to, look forward to, object

18、 to, pay attention to, insist on+ doing sth第十八張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月鞏固練習(xí)：1.我收到了朋友從澳大利亞寄來(lái)的信。 2.我開窗戶你在意嗎？3.他不知道說(shuō)什麼好。 4.我們大家都相信Jack 是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)男孩。 I received a letter from my friend in Australia. Do you mind my opening the window? He did not know what to say. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 第十九張

19、，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ) 如：My father bought me an electronic dictionary.Mr Wang teaches us chemistry. 若要先說(shuō)出直接賓語(yǔ)（物），后說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)（人），則要借助于介詞to或for。常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, cho

20、ose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等.第二十張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月鞏固練習(xí)：1.奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。 2.請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 3.他把車票給列車員看。 4.他用他的第一個(gè)月工資給他媽媽買了一件毛衣。Grandma told us an interesting story last night. Would you please pass me the dictionary? He showed the ticket to the conductor. 7.He bought a new

21、 coat for his mother with his first months salary.第二十一張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 如：Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.The boy made his sister cry.The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. They made Tom our monitor.第二十二張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1)、接名詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：call, choose, think, consider, believe, find, make, etc.2)、接動(dòng)詞