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1、The Effects of Technology on News PhotographyOctober 24, 2002化裝品 vkuaTest TimeCan you tell which photographs are real and which are fake?fakeorfoto/quiz.htmlSo how do they do this?More technology = Easier manipulationSoftware is affordable, easy, and fast.The most popular software is Adobe Photoshop

2、.Adobe PhotoshopPhotoshop is used for Web graphics, visual effects and print illustration.Color correctionFlaw removalAdvanced cropping toolsIt “rips through complex tasks with impressive dexterity and speed. Dallas Morning NewsMichael ElinsManipulation for NewsMultiple instances exist where photogr

3、aphy in a hard news medium has seen its content digitally altered.National Geographics 1982 cover of the Giza pyramidsNew York Newsdays 1994 cover of Tonya Harding and Nancy KerriganNewsweeks 1997 cover of Bobbi McCaugheyWhat do these alterations do?Does the photographs meaning change?Will readers l

4、ose trust?Is the effect of journalistic photography lost?The Associated Presss OpinionThe only manipulation that occurs is technical darken and lightening a print cleaning up dust spotsImage is seen more clearly “The content of a photograph will never be changed or manipulated in any way.More Ethica

5、l IssuesMinimize biasWhat about this?Whats the difference?News photography vs. feature and entertainment photographyLess serious context makes it easier to manipulateCurrent events vs. consumersManipulation for FeaturesNewsweek used a composited image of two star actors, Dustin Hoffman and Tom Cruis

6、e.Manipulation for EntertainmentExampleTV Guide used a zipper head alteration, placing one persons head upon anothers body, in a 1989 issue, placing Oprah Winfreys head on actress Ann Margrets body.Example 1989 cover photograph of Don Johnson. Entertainment (contd.)No controversy with fashion magazi

7、nesRemove wrinkles, blemishes, etc.Elongate limbsMagically shed pounds“The changing face of beautyMagazine CoversWhat did these alterations do?Are manipulations passed off as reality?Simone Manipulation for ArtArtists have always had the capability to rearrange reality.PaintingPhotographyJerry Uelsm

8、annWhat do these alterations do?Is there a limit to artistic license?Should rules be developed and applied?DarkroomComputerHow does this all relate?The danger in using digital manipulation arises when the line between different forms of media blurs.NewsEntertainmentFashionArtDoes a photograph carry the same weight across mediums and time