2023年最新的瓦爾登湖課文原文及名句3篇

1、第 PAGE22 頁 共 NUMPAGES22 頁2023年最新的瓦爾登湖課文原文及名句3篇瓦爾登湖課文原文及名句(1) 【教學(xué)目的】1.學(xué)習(xí)本文作者對大自然的熱愛與珍惜和對寧靜恬淡生活的追求。2.學(xué)習(xí)本文善于觀察和細(xì)膩描寫的語言特色。【教學(xué)重點、難點】1.重點:本文善于觀察和細(xì)膩描寫的語言特色。2.難點:作者的生活態(tài)度?！窘虒W(xué)時數(shù)】兩課時【教學(xué)步驟】一、作者及作品：亨利梭羅（181718620，美國作家，詩人，自然主義者，改革家和哲學(xué)家。1817年出生于康科德城，十六歲即進(jìn)入美國著名學(xué)府哈佛大學(xué)就學(xué)。次年，大思想家愛默生到哈佛大學(xué)作了題為美國學(xué)者的演講，宣揚先知先覺的智慧，而正是這一次演講，

2、給了梭羅以深刻的影響，改變了他的人生。梭羅從哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，本來前程似錦，但他避開鬧市，住到愛默生家中。在擔(dān)任數(shù)年中學(xué)校長后，毅然決定以作詩和論述自然為終生事業(yè)。梭羅受超經(jīng)驗主義領(lǐng)袖愛默生影響很深。1845年，28歲的梭羅撇開金錢的羈絆，在愛默生的林地中的瓦爾登湖畔自建一個小木屋，自耕自食兩年有余。專業(yè)從事寫作。本書即是他對兩年林中生活所見所思所悟的記錄。十年后，瓦爾登湖出版，但它不僅未能引起人們的重視，相反還遭到批評和譏諷。然而，隨著時光的流逝，這本書的影響卻越來越大，終而成為美國文學(xué)中的一本獨特的、卓越的名著瓦爾登湖是一部寂寞、恬靜、智慧的書，充滿了對自然、社會和人生的深刻理解，表現(xiàn)出一個

3、先覺者的超人智慧。梭羅在大學(xué)畢業(yè)后所寫的第一篇日記中寫道：“如果要孤獨，我必須要逃避現(xiàn)在我要我自己當(dāng)心。在羅馬皇帝的明鏡大殿里我怎么能獨特得起來呢？我寧可找一個閣樓。在那里是蜘蛛也不受干擾的，更不用打掃地板了，也用不到一堆堆地堆放柴火?！边@樣一種尋求孤獨、在孤獨中思索的觀念貫穿了梭羅的一生。瓦爾登湖不僅有獨到的對生活感悟，對傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗的批判，而且有許多形象的描繪，優(yōu)美細(xì)致，像湖水的澄澈透明、山林的茂密蒼翠，思想與景境融合在一起，給人以美好的遐想和深沉的思考。讀著這本書，頓時感到全身心地脫離了塵世的喧囂和功利的羈絆，與自然融為一體，在自然中感悟人生，感悟哲理。值得特別引起注意的是，這本書近年來在西

4、方世界獲得了前所未有的重視。嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染和社會矛盾，使人們不由得不向往那瓦爾登湖及其山林的清新的空氣和澄澈的環(huán)境，而這樣的環(huán)境，顯然正是醫(yī)治現(xiàn)代病的妙藥良方。這恐怕正是瓦爾登湖所具有的價值和生命力的根本所在。梭羅1862年因患肺病病逝，終年僅44歲，瓦爾登湖是他的第二本書。二、生字詞：生字：深邃（su）終年不涸（h）俯瞰（kn）蜿蜒曲折寒光熠熠（y）糅（ru）進(jìn)浮光耀金晶瑩清澈一泓（hng）湖水鑿（zo）水陡峭菖（chng）蒲水苔（ti）璀（cu）璨(cn) 。詞解：不足稱道：不值得稱贊。罕有甚匹：極少有什么東西能跟它匹配。了如指掌：形容對情況非常清楚，好像指著自己的手掌給人看。三、集體朗讀

5、課文。四、課堂自測：1、本課劃分層次有以下幾種劃法,正確的為哪種并寫出各部分大意。A/B./C./2、根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容，畫出瓦爾登湖及周圍景物。3、瓦爾登湖的主要特點是什么？請用書中的詞來概括。4、課文中說，瓦爾登湖同時具有兩種顏色，這是哪兩種？5、哪一段文字詳細(xì)描寫了寧靜的瓦爾登湖變化莫測的顏色？6、為什么文中說瓦爾登湖湖水“很值得讓米開朗琪羅去琢磨一番”？7、作者寫釣狗魚這件事，是為了什么？8、第六自然段的描寫突出了瓦爾登湖的什么特色？請用此段中的一個詞來概括。9、哪處具體敘述瓦爾登湖“堅持著自身的純潔”？10、作者提及夏娃和亞當(dāng)被逐出伊甸園一事，是為了突出什么？ 11、把本課分別與黃山記和

6、陶淵明的歸田園居比較，說說三位作者對自然的態(tài)度有何不同？你更欣賞誰的態(tài)度？為什么？五、教師講評參考答案：1、答:b。第一部分：總介瓦爾登湖及其特點。第二部分：描寫瓦爾登湖湖水美麗多變的色彩。第三部分：描寫瓦爾登湖湖水的清澈潔凈。第四部分:從歷史角度贊美瓦爾登湖美如鉆石。3、答：深邃，清澈。5、答：第18頁第9行17行。7、答：為了突出湖水的清澈。8、答：清凈無垢。9、答：第7自然段。10、答：從歷史角度突出瓦爾登湖美如鉆石。11、答:黃山記:贊美大自然偉大無比的創(chuàng)造力。瓦爾登湖：贊美大自然的美麗和潔靜，安心思考。歸田園居：沉緬于大自然的美麗和寧靜，逃避世俗。六、輔助閱讀： 瓦爾登湖教案學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)

7、 1、對瓦爾登湖主題思想的掌握了解。 2、學(xué)習(xí)作者細(xì)膩的描寫自然景物的手法。 3、學(xué)習(xí)作者熱愛大自然的情感和淳樸的生活情趣，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生產(chǎn)生熱愛自然的情感，保護(hù)自然，關(guān)心自然。 教學(xué)時數(shù)：2課時。 一、導(dǎo)入語 二、簡介作者 美國著名作家、哲學(xué)家，著名散文集瓦爾登湖和論文論公民的不服從權(quán)利（又譯為消極抵抗、論公民的不服從），他反對美國的奴隸制度，反對美國對墨西哥的侵略，他對人類社會中他認(rèn)為是惡的東西的憎恨程度不下于他對大自然的熱愛。他曾因拒絕交稅而坐過監(jiān)獄，一八四九年他發(fā)表的一篇著名論文公民的不服從（作為單行本出版只是一本薄薄的小書）被人認(rèn)為是歷史上改變世界的十六本書之一，他倡導(dǎo)的公民的不服從（ci

8、vildisobedience）的思想對托爾斯泰、羅曼羅蘭、印度圣雄甘地和馬丁路德金都曾產(chǎn)生過不小的影響。在他那里，有著某種隱士和斗士的奇妙結(jié)合。梭羅的思想、行為對美國社會影響很大，但他的生平簡單卻耐人尋味。 三、關(guān)于瓦爾登湖 瓦爾登湖出版于1854年，是19世紀(jì)美國文學(xué)非小說著作中最受讀者歡迎的書籍。女作家喬治艾略特稱“瓦爾登湖是一本超凡入圣的好書，嚴(yán)重的污染使人們喪失了田園的寧靜，所以梭羅的著作便被整個世界閱讀和懷念?！痹谥袊泻脦追N版本，已經(jīng)流傳50年了。瓦爾登湖至少影響了中國兩代人。一本100多年前出版的書，在另一個國度里仍然讓許多人癡迷。據(jù)說，詩人海子去山海關(guān)自殺時帶著4本書，其中有

9、一本是梭羅的瓦爾登湖，這和當(dāng)年唐太宗李世民到死不放王羲之的蘭亭序頗為相似。 對這部書的讀法，從梭羅的研究專家哈丁的論述中或許可以獲得一些信息，哈丁說：瓦爾登湖至少有五種讀法：1.作為一部自然的書籍；2.作為一部自力更生、簡單生活的指南；3.作為批評現(xiàn)代生活的一部諷刺作品；4.作為一部文學(xué)名著；5.作為一本神圣的書。更多的人愿意把瓦爾登湖作為一部自力更生、簡單生活的指南來讀。因為梭羅經(jīng)過實踐發(fā)現(xiàn)，他能以28.12元來建立一個家，用0.27元來維持一周的生活。他以一年中6個星期的時間，去賺取足夠一年的生活費用。剩余的46個星期，去做他喜歡做的事。因為如此瓦爾登湖在當(dāng)時便具有了巨大的誘惑力，那幾年里

10、，梭羅的仿效者究竟有多少難以計數(shù)，他們引退林中，在瓦爾登湖畔建造茅舍，成為美國風(fēng)行一時的時尚。 四、研讀課文： 1、閱讀思考題（一），說說瓦爾登湖的“奇崛”表現(xiàn)在哪里，它是如何“堅持著自身的純潔”的？ 明確：課文第一段中提到瓦爾登湖的“深邃”、“清澈”“清亮、深碧”?？梢娡郀柕呛奶攸c主要在其顏色、清澈、深邃。 “堅持著自身的純潔” 瓦爾登湖湖水顏色變化。瓦爾登湖湖水顏色變化得出奇，甚至站在同一點上，湖水也忽藍(lán)忽綠；從不同地點，山頂、湖邊，再遠(yuǎn)一點；不同時間：在陽光襯托下，晴空萬里時；不同的角度去看，湖水的變化更為明顯，變化萬端，清新空靈。 在很深的湖底的東西歷歷可數(shù)，還可以看到成群的鱸魚和銀

11、魚，甚至連鱸魚的橫行條紋都清晰可辨，把斧子掉在25英尺的水里，也能清楚看到，并且能用樹枝把斧子勾了上來。 湖水清可見底，沒有一處是污濁的，并且居然連一棵水草都沒有，即使在湖邊所見到的很少的水草也和湖水一樣，清凈無垢。 瓦爾登湖的清晨，漂浮的煙霧和南風(fēng)，還有金色的春雨，還有成群的野鴨和天鵝在湖邊遨游，給瓦爾登湖增添了生機，最后又寫了湖水漲落起伏時的奇幻變化。 2、找出課文中描寫瓦爾登湖湖水顏色變化的優(yōu)美句子，體會作者的心境。 明確： 從山頂看去，它呈現(xiàn)藍(lán)天的色彩，走進(jìn)湖邊，看到岸邊細(xì)沙淺水處，水泛著黃澄澄的水波；再遠(yuǎn)一點，呈現(xiàn)淡率，愈遠(yuǎn)色澤愈深，最后水波蕩漾呈現(xiàn)一色的黛綠。 當(dāng)晴空萬里時，而湖水

12、又波濤洶涌，波濤以適宜的角度映襯藍(lán)天，湖水糅進(jìn)更多的光線，一片浮光耀金，較遠(yuǎn)的一些湖水比天空更為湛藍(lán)。 看到一種罕有其匹、悠然心會、妙處難以與君說的亮藍(lán)，猶如浸水之后的色彩變幻的絲綢，還像青鋒刀刃，比之天空更為清新的空靈。 通過這些細(xì)致入微的描寫，我們不難感受到作者沉浸在大自然的美景之中，陶醉在湖水的清澈純凈里，真正與大自然融為一體，充分表達(dá)作者對大自然的喜愛之情。 3、作者花了大量的筆墨描寫了瓦爾登湖的湖光水色，表達(dá)作者對大自然的喜愛之情，找出課文抒情議論的句子，加以體會。 明確：如（部落）一個又一個消失了，但湖水依舊請純、碧綠，一個春天也沒漏掉，表達(dá)了作者內(nèi)心的一種欣喜和贊嘆，情景相融，使

13、景物增添了情的色彩，情的光輝。 “或許上溯到亞當(dāng)和夏娃被感出伊甸園之時最璀璨的一顆鉆石”，對瓦爾登湖進(jìn)行了歌頌，它的純潔，它的寧靜，在作者心目中有著崇高的地位，由此推廣到對整個大自然的熱愛，表達(dá)了生活態(tài)度和人類生存、發(fā)展的思考。 五、主題思想： 本文細(xì)膩地描繪了瓦爾登湖的優(yōu)美景色，細(xì)致入微地描寫了湖水的顏色變化，醉人心脾，引人入勝，表達(dá)了作者熱愛自然、融入自然的情懷。 六、寫作特點 1、描寫細(xì)膩生動 2、運用多種修辭手法，特別是比喻手法的運用。 七、閱讀思考探究（三），思考徐遲與梭羅這兩位作者對自然的態(tài)度有什么不同？ 明確：黃山記的作者主要強調(diào)人與自然關(guān)系的變化，表現(xiàn)人類對山的征服，對大自然的

14、征服，對造物主的征服。而瓦爾登湖的作者主要是通過贊美自然，強調(diào)人應(yīng)該回歸自然，和自然和諧相處。那么，人類應(yīng)該如何對待自然？是征服自然，還是應(yīng)該敬畏自然？這是長期以來專家學(xué)者們一直關(guān)注的話題。你更贊同哪一種觀點。請同學(xué)們展開討論，發(fā)表自己的看法。 （一）導(dǎo)入：田園詩人陶淵明有一篇膾炙人口的散文，就是桃花園記，作者筆下的桃花園，成了許多現(xiàn)代人向往的生活環(huán)境。無獨有偶，在100多年前美國的詩人梭羅寫了一本題為瓦爾登湖的散文隨筆，里面的湖光山色美不勝收，現(xiàn)在，就讓我們走出煩囂的都市，跟隨著梭羅走進(jìn)瓦爾登湖，感受那妙不可言的美吧。 瓦爾登湖課文原文及名句(2) 瓦爾登湖 內(nèi)容簡介 梭羅遠(yuǎn)離塵囂，他想在自

15、然的安謐中尋找一種本真的生存狀態(tài)，尋求一種更詩意的生活。瓦爾登湖一書，詳細(xì)地記錄了作家在長達(dá)兩年的時間里的日常生活狀態(tài)以及所思所想，他在小木屋旁開荒種地，春種秋收，自給自足。他是一個自然之子，他崇尚自然，與自然交朋友，與湖水、森林和飛鳥對話，在林中觀察動物和植物，在船上吹笛，在湖邊釣魚，晚上，在小木屋中記下自己的觀察和思考。他追求精神生活，關(guān)注靈魂的成長，他驕傲地宣稱：“每個人都是自己王國的國王，與這個王國相比，沙皇帝國也不過是一個卑微小國，猶如冰天雪地中的小雪團(tuán)?！彼罅_以他的實際行動告訴我們：人們所追求的大部分奢侈品，大部分的所謂生活的舒適，非但沒有必要，而且對人類進(jìn)步大有妨礙。 瓦爾登湖記

16、述了作者在簡單生活中深入思考與重塑自我的心路歷程，文筆寧靜恬淡，引人深思，具有一種使人沉靜的力量。 作品主題 梭羅自己在瓦爾登湖的實踐和他的作品中都有一個貫穿始終的主張，那就是回歸自然。他在作品中不斷地指出，我們大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代人都被家庭、工作和各種物質(zhì)需求所因，失去了精神追求，過著物欲的生活。這樣的情形今天依然存在，并且愈發(fā)嚴(yán)重。我們有許多人幾乎很少去關(guān)注在那些瑣碎的個人利益和活動之外的事物。許多人的精神活動過于局限，只關(guān)心物質(zhì)生活和感官享受，而用梭羅的話來說，我們這樣的生活不能稱為“真正的生活”。 在全球背景下，瓦爾登湖成為人與自然和諧共存的一個典范；如果說人們的生態(tài)關(guān)懷曾是梭羅聲名鵲起的三個原

17、因之一，那么這種生態(tài)關(guān)懷現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)代梭羅研究的主要動機和原因了。從生態(tài)環(huán)境學(xué)的更廣泛的意義來看，梭羅遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)走在了我們的前面。他在日記中提出了許多觀點，并在瓦爾登湖中詳盡地表現(xiàn)出來。他說：“大多數(shù)人，在我看來，并不關(guān)愛自然。只要可以生存，他們會為了一杯朗姆酒出賣他們所享有的那一份自然之美。感謝上帝，人們還無法飛翔，因而也就無法像糟蹋大地一樣糟蹋天空，在天空那一端我們暫時是安全的?！?瓦爾登湖的神話代表了一種追求完美的原生態(tài)生活方式，表達(dá)了一個對我們當(dāng)代人很有吸引力、也很實用的理想。這個典范在今天對我們更具有生態(tài)學(xué)意義，因為生態(tài)平衡的破壞和環(huán)境的惡化已到了相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重的程度，許多生態(tài)學(xué)家和環(huán)境保護(hù)主

18、義者正在致力于保護(hù)自然留給人類所剩不多的財富。因此，瓦爾登湖不再只是一個著名的美國作家梭羅在那里生活、寫作和思考的具體的地點，它已經(jīng)成為一個象征。在瓦爾登湖這個地名之后我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種生活方式，一個人與自然的浪漫史，一種對理想的執(zhí)著追求，一個具體化的自然的概念，還有人類永恒不變的希望接近自然并與自然融合的愿望。 藝術(shù)特色 瓦爾登湖一書極具審美價值。實際上可以毫不掩飾地說，瓦爾登湖是一部大的美文，里面所插敘的一切對象，都浸潤著棱羅的全部情感。 梭羅極善用比擬、比喻的手法，寫眼前的一切事物，在棱羅的眼中，這些自然物并非死去，而是鮮活。而做到這一點，則歸功于棱羅使用的一種與泥土接壤的語言，如同農(nóng)夫播種

19、一樣自然的文字，恰恰，這種語言風(fēng)格保持著瓦爾登湖一書的鮮嫩，而鮮嫩的東西是長久的。這一點，在瓦爾登湖一書中處處可見。 任何一種美麗的物體都需要有一種奇特的魅力去引發(fā)人們觀賞。一篇好的文章、一部好書也是這樣，它必須以很好的文體規(guī)則去表現(xiàn)，從而拉近讀者與作者的心理距離，并產(chǎn)生一種強烈的認(rèn)同感。棱羅并不是以旁觀者的姿態(tài)出現(xiàn)在書中，相反，他是用第一人稱完全將自己與瓦爾登湖合二為一，將瓦爾登湖中的自然美透過“我”的感官、情感加以展示。作品影響 瓦爾登湖的神話代表了一種追求完美的原生態(tài)生活方式，表達(dá)了一個對我們當(dāng)代人很有吸引力、也很實用的理想。這個典范在今天對我們更具有生態(tài)學(xué)意義，因為生態(tài)平衡的破壞和環(huán)境

20、的惡化已到了相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重的程度，許多生態(tài)學(xué)家和環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者正在致力于保護(hù)自然留給人類所剩不多的財富。因此，瓦爾登湖不再只是一個著名的美國作家梭羅在那里生活、寫作和思考的具體的地點，它已經(jīng)成為一個象征。在瓦爾登湖這個地名之后我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種生活方式，一個人與自然的浪漫史，一種對理想的執(zhí)著追求，一個具體化的自然的概念，還有人類永恒不變的希望接近自然并與自然融合的愿望。 他的一生是如此之簡單而馥郁，又如此之孤獨而芬芳。也可以說，他的一生十分不簡單，也毫不孤獨。他的讀者將會發(fā)現(xiàn)，他的精神生活十分豐富，而且是精美絕倫，世上罕見。和他交往的人不多，而神交的人可就多得多了。 徐遲 瓦爾登湖課文原文及名句(3)

21、ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A special acknowledgement should be shown to my supervisor, Jing Xiya, who has taught me how to write the paper. I want to thank her for her great patience and generosity. She helped me in all the stages of writing this paper, without her patient instruction, this paper couldnt have

22、 reached its present form. My gratitude also extends to the professors and teachers at the English department. Besides, I would like to extend my heart-felt thanks to my friends and my classmates, who helped me a lot in writing this paper. CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 The Influence of

23、 Traditional Chinese Culture to Thoreau 2 2.1 The Social Background of Creation of Walden 2 2.2 Thoreaus Reception of Four Books and Confucianism 3 2.3 The comparison of Thoreau and Chuang Tzu (through fish) 5 Chapter 3 Similarities and Differences 5 3.1 Similarities 6 3.1.1 The Most Important and M

24、eaningful Part of Their Conception The Integration of Nature and Man 6 3.1.2 Harmony and great aesthetic value 6 3.1.3 Spiritual value 6 3.2 Differences 6 3.2.1 The social background 6 3.2.2 The differences of their conception of nature 7 Chapter 4 Conclusion 8 BIBLIOGRAPHY Comparative study on Thor

25、eau and Tao Yuan Ming FANG Wei Abstract: Walden is one of the important works written by Thoreau, a famous American thinker and essayist. It is regarded as a representative work in American natural literature. Its ideological contents, aesthetic value and genre, which passes through time and space a

26、nd influences the generations to come. Chinese Eastern Jin Dynastys Tao Yuan Ming, Mr. Wu Liu, is politely called pastoral poets first ancestor. His representative works Arcadia Records, which elaborated the integration of nature and man and so on, has the same theme with Thoreaus thoughts. This the

27、sis aims to systematically analyze and discuss the similarities and differences of views of nature between Tao Yuan Ming and Thoreau, who came from different countries, lived at different times, with different writing styles, make preparation for seeking spiritual and realistic value. Keywords: lite

28、rature of nature； aesthetic value ； views of nature；spiritual and realistic value. 摘要瓦爾登湖是美國著名思想家、散文家梭羅的重要作品,被譽為美國自然文學(xué)的代表作。它的思想內(nèi)容、審美價值、文體風(fēng)格都有其穿越時空、影響后人的魅力。中國東晉的陶淵明，號五柳先生，被尊稱為田園詩人的鼻祖。其代表作桃花源記所闡述的天人合一等觀點，都與梭羅的思想有異曲同工之妙。本文旨在梳理與探索陶淵明與梭羅這兩位不同國度、不同時代、不同寫作風(fēng)格的作家自然觀的異同，尋求其精神與現(xiàn)實價值。 關(guān)鍵詞:自然文學(xué)；審美；自然觀；精神與現(xiàn)實價值 Cha

29、pter 1 Introduction American transcendentalist Thoreau has contributed a lot to American literature and has won the respect from many people. Because of his experiment of tasting a life style, which represents returning to nature; because of the expression of “the integration of nature and man”; bec

30、ause of his digestion of both American and ancient Chinese civilization. Under the theoretic direction of comparative literature, criticism, and structuralism, this article attempts to start from the Walden of Thoreau, and combined to his transcendentalism, then fused with Confucianism and Tao Yuan

31、Ming, aims to inspire people to dwell on the land poetically and achieve the freedom of inner spirit. Chapter 2 The Influence of Traditional Chinese Culture to Thoreau 2.1 The Social Background of Creation of Walden Walden, or Life in the Woods is quiet, aesthetic and full of intelligence and can be

32、 regarded as not merely a novel. Walden (first published as Walden; or, Life in the Woods) by Henry David Thoreau is one of the best-known non-fiction books written by an American. It is Thoreaus representative work and was published in 1854. It details Thoreaus sojourn in a cabin near Walden Pond,

33、amidst woodland owned by his friend and mentor Ralph Waldo Emerson, near Concord, Massachusetts. He lived at Walden for two years, two months, and two days, and wrote with expressed seasonal divisions. Thoreau hoped to separate himself from society because he wanted to achieve a more objective under

34、standing of it. However, he did not intend to act as a hermit. He received visitors, returned their visits, and did odd jobs in the town. Instead, he hoped to isolate himself from society in order to gain a more objective understanding of it. Self-sufficiency and strive to gain personal spiritual pe

35、rfection is what he wanted to express. Simplicity and self-reliance were Thoreaus other goals, and the whole project was inspired by Transcendentalist philosophy. However the house was not in wilderness but at the edge of town, not far from his home, and his mother cooked him meals and cleaned the h

36、ouse.（賈西津.梭羅隱居瓦爾登湖的啟示 J.時代周報, 2023(46).） The 19th century of American was a glorious time. A large amount of authors were deeply influenced by transcendentalism. Thoreau was the representative and he practiced what he preaches. In his Walden, he researched what is real face of life, and how to exper

37、iment meaningful life for himself, for his countrymen, and also for our readers. The study of transcendentalism covers the east and west literature, culture, religion and so on. Walden is believed to have been inspired by American Transcendentalism, a philosophy developed by Thoreaus friend and spir

38、itual mentor Ralph Waldo Emerson. Emerson owned the land on which Thoreau built his cabin, and Thoreau used to walk over to Emersons house for a meal and a conversation. （賈西津.梭羅隱居瓦爾登湖的啟示 J.時代周報, 2023(58).） Thoreau regarded his sojourn at Walden as a noble experiment with a threefold purpose. First,

39、he was escaping the dehumanizing effects of the Industrial Revolution by returning to a simpler, agrarian lifestyle. Second, he was simplifying his life ，reducing his expenditures, and increasing the amount of leisure time in which he could work on his writings .Third, and most important, Thoreau wa

40、s putting into practice the Transcendentalist belief that one can best transcend normality and experience the Ideal, or the Divine, through nature. It should come as no surprise that Walden is now an icon for environmentalists, and a touchstone for Americans seeking to get in touch with nature. (梭羅.

41、 瓦爾登湖經(jīng)濟篇M . 徐遲(譯). 上海: 上海譯文出版社, 1997.) 2.2 Thoreaus Reception of Four Books and Confucianism Whats more, we should pay attention to Thoreaus reception of the Four Books to probe the influence of Confucianism on transcendentalism. And this shows how ancient Chinese culture influences the world. In th

42、e continual river of history, the combination of Thoreau, the Walden Pond and Confucianism is a fragrant legend glittering forever. American superempiricalist author Thoreau was hardly known by people before his death. It is until the nineties of the last century that Chinese readers really began to

43、 pay attention to him and show respect to him. His simple and brilliant life, especially his experiment of a simplified life style which represents a return to nature at the Walden Pond won peoples respect and admiration. His life style is not only full of American spirit, but also embodies the bril

44、liant ancient Chinese civilization. His spirit and thoughts remind us of Confucius and Yanhui in ancient China. In Walden, there are nine quotations from the Confucian classic, The Four Books. However , because of language barriers, differences in ideological and cultural background , as well as the

45、 impact of personal philosophy , Most of these quotations are ”creative misreading and elucidation” and “have the same appearances but different spirits” with Confucian classic books. (論語述而篇M .) “They say that characters were engraved on the bathing tub of king Tchingthang to this effect：Renew thyse

46、lf completely each day; do it again, and again, and forever again. ” (論語學(xué)而篇M .)Thoreau, held the same idea with Confucius, treasured the quality of renew and improve characters. And he quoted ten times from the Four Books to support his thesis. Thoreau, who was not interested in politics at all, eng

47、raved in that. Because he lived in that century, he had no choice. However, he refused to admit the power of government which didnt really love and make benefits for his people. Facing this situation, Thoreau gave two suggestion：far away from politics ;or continue to take part in the government. (賈西

48、津.梭羅隱居瓦爾登湖的啟示 J.時代周報,2023(56).)In his another book, he quoted: “Lew Hea Hooi was not ashamed of serving a dirty Prince, nor did he refuse an inferior office. He did not conceal the virtuous, and acted according to his principles. Although he lost his place, he didnt rumble. In poverty he didnt repin

49、e He lived in harmony with men of little worth, and could not bear to abandon them. He said, “You are you, and I am I, although you sit by my side with your body naked, how can you defile me ” (梭 羅. 瓦爾登湖我生活的地方 M . 徐 遲(譯). 上海譯文出版社, 1997.) Hence when the fame of Lew Hea Hooi is heard of ,the mean man

50、becomes liberal, and the miserly becomes generous. Thoreau experimented Lews feeling and highly praised him .In American of that time, he disliked the system of slaves very much and didnt want to see countrymens miserable life. He refused to hand in head tax. He chose Walden, not to avoid the realit

51、y, to be just far away from it. Henry David Thoreaus Walden shows readers not only a lot of picturesque scenery but also a kind of optimistic and active spirit that includes simple and plain life. This spirit is just advocated in Chinese Buddhism. Therefore, some Buddhism thought is embodied in Thor

52、eaus Walden. This paper will analyze this cultural mixture between the works theme and Buddhist thought from the following two aspects. The first one is simplifying life and seeking lifes true meaning. The other is cultivating temperament and returning to nature. The work Walden and Buddhism have th

53、e same result in purifying readers souls and recovering mans spirit. This work makes readers seek spiritual purity in the noisy and secular world. 2.3 The comparison of Thoreau and Chuang Tzu (through fish) Fish is frequently seen in Henry David Thoreaus Walden and also contains plenty of his abunda

54、nt sense and sensitive thoughts. Walden states not merely Thoreaus appreciation of fish, going fishing and eating fish but several kinds of fish. Meanwhile, fish appears frequently in Chuang Tzus poetic prose, too. To Thoreau and Chuang Tzu, “fish” is not just the object outsides but conveys more pr

55、ofound implications. By comparison, the indications of fish by Thoreau and Chuang Tzu have both the similarities and the differences. At that time, Thoreau helped Emerson to edit the transcendentalism journal, the Dial and was deeply influenced by oriental elements such as Hinduism and Confucianism.

56、 Chinese literatures master Lin Yu Tang. once said,“The philosophy of Thoreau, among all the American writers, can be viewed as the most full of Chinese color.” （林語堂：生活的藝術(shù)，外語教學(xué)育研究出版社,1998年.） His personal interpretation，that is, depending on oneself and fulfilling the translation from physical to men

57、tal point. One should help himself or herself gain freedom and to achieve value. However, this independent is totally and was centered by self. Compared with that, Confucianism is open and spread from wide aspects. It not only emphasizes personal independent, but also considers surrounding elements.

58、 Chapter 3 Similarities and Differences 3.1 Similarities 3.1.1 The Most Important and Meaningful Part of Their ConceptionThe Integration of Nature and Man From the perspective of ecological aspect, there is a natural combination between Thoreau and Tao Yuan Ming. They held the basic same idea, altho

59、ugh they lived at different times, came from different countries, and had different writing styles. The most important and meaningful part of their conception expresses one idea: that is, the integration of nature and man; and back to nature. Both Henry David Thoreau and Tao Yuan Ming are writers an

60、d thinkers who were famous for their “recluse” in American and Chinese literary histories. They chose the “recluse” lifestyle to do the personal humanism concern of the life and the current things. This paper tries to commence from the analysis on the consistency of their claim to “simple”, combinin