廣東省深圳市中考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 第十三章 從句講義

1、第十三章 從 句賓語從句定語從句狀語從句其他常見考點(diǎn)一、賓語從句1.引導(dǎo)詞(1)陳述句變賓語從句：that(2)一般疑問句變賓語從句： if / whether（ or not）(3)特殊疑問句變賓語從句：用原來的特殊疑問詞 如：what，who，where，which，how，how many一、賓語從句2. 從句用陳述句語序 如：He asked Jane if she had got the parcel. 注意：疑問詞在賓語從句中作主語時(shí)語序不變。 如：She asked who wanted to be on TV. She asked me what the matter was

2、with me. She asks me what happened to me. She asks me which the way is to the post office. 一、賓語從句3. 時(shí)態(tài)主句從句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句的時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)該句的意思而定一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)：was / were 或動(dòng)詞過去式過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was / were+動(dòng)詞-ing過去將來時(shí)：would+動(dòng)詞原形過去完成時(shí)：had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞一、賓語從句注意：條件 / 時(shí)間狀語從句賓語從句if如果，假如是否when當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候什么時(shí)候if / when 從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般將來時(shí)一、賓語從句4. 其他常見考點(diǎn)(1)“Cou

3、ld you tell me ?”是用于征詢對(duì)方意見，并不表示過去，所以此時(shí)賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)具體語境而定。 如：Could you please tell me where the post office is? (2)如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等，無論主句時(shí)態(tài)是什么，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 如：Tom told me New York is the largest city in America. 二、定語從句 定語從句是用于修飾限定名詞或代詞的從句。1.關(guān)系代詞作主語(1)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，往往用who，that或which 引導(dǎo)定語從句。 先行詞指人時(shí),用who

4、 或that引導(dǎo)； 先行詞（被修飾詞）指“物”時(shí)，用 that 或 which引導(dǎo)。(2)關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要與先行詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。二、定語從句2. 關(guān)系代詞作賓語(1)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，往往用 who，that 或 which 引導(dǎo)定語從句。 先行詞指人時(shí)，用who (whom) 或that引導(dǎo)；先行詞指物時(shí)，用 that 或which 引導(dǎo)定語從句。(2)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，還可以省略關(guān)系詞，但是關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，不能省略。二、定語從句3. 關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí)用“介詞+which”或“介詞 + whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。 如：Tom likes th

5、e girl with whom you went to school yesterday. My mother loves the car in which she goes to work every day. 三、狀語從句一、時(shí)間狀語從句1.引導(dǎo)詞when，while，as，before，after，as soon as，until，since如：Mozart started writing music when he was four years old. He visited a lot of places while he was travelling.He left the cl

6、assroom after he had finished his homework. 一、時(shí)間狀語從句2. 一般情況下主句是將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 如：I will tell him as soon as he comes back tomorrow. I will not leave the classroom until my teacher checks my homework.3. 同義替換：not until / not before 和 after 如：I will not go to bed until my mother comes back. =I will not g

7、o to bed before my mother comes back. =I will go to bed after my mother comes back. 二、條件狀語從句1. 引導(dǎo)詞：if,unless2. if not與unless及or的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。3. 主句為將來時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替。 如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go fishing. = Unless it rains tomorrow, we will go fishing. Be quick, or well be late for school. =

8、If we arent quick, well be late for school. 三、原因狀語從句1. 引導(dǎo)詞：because，since，as，for2. 對(duì)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語提問要用why。3. because 不能與so連用。4. because，since，as和for的區(qū)別： because 從句所表示的是對(duì)方不知道的直接的原因，因此在回答以why引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時(shí)只可用because，而as和since 引導(dǎo)的從句卻不可； as和since從句所表示的往往是對(duì)方已知的原因；for往往用于附加理由證明。三、原因狀語從句4. because，since，as和for的區(qū)

9、別如：I didnt go to school yesterday because I was ill.Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. 四、目的狀語從句1.引導(dǎo)詞：so that，in order that / in order to do2.從句中常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 （can，could）。如：Ill ru

10、n slowly so that / in order that you can catch up with me. I opened the window so that / in order that fresh air might come in.五、結(jié)果狀語從句1. 引導(dǎo)詞：so that，such that2. so與such的區(qū)別在于so后面接形容詞，such后面接名詞，固定搭配如下：（1）so + 形容詞 + a / an + 單數(shù)名詞（2）such + a / an+形容詞 + 單數(shù)名詞（3）so + many /much / few / little + 形容詞 + 名詞（4

11、）such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞 / 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞如：so young a boy = such a young boy such interesting books 五、結(jié)果狀語從句3. “so+adj./ adv.+that”與“too+adj./ adv.+to do sth.”和“adj./ adv.+enough to”之間轉(zhuǎn)換。如：He is so careless a boy that he cant look after his pet alone.= He is such a careless boy that he cant look after his pet alone.

12、= The boy is so careless that he cant look after his pet alone.= The boy is too careless to look after his pet alone.= The boy is not careful enough to look after his pet alone.六、比較狀語從句1. 引導(dǎo)詞：as as，not as / so as，than2. not as / so as與than的同義句替換。3. as as和 not as / so as的中間用形容詞或副詞的原形。七、讓步狀語從句1. 引導(dǎo)詞：though，even though，although，no mater + 疑問詞2. although，though不能與but連用。如：Sam did quite well in the exa