高二英語第三單元重點(diǎn)必看知識點(diǎn)大綱2022

1、第 PAGE25 頁 共 NUMPAGES25 頁高二英語第三單元重點(diǎn)必看知識點(diǎn)大綱2022高二英語第三單元重點(diǎn)知識點(diǎn)1一.重點(diǎn)詞匯1.preference n.偏愛;優(yōu)先eg：Wine or beer?which is your preference?要葡萄酒還是啤酒?你比較喜歡哪一樣?I have a preference for French films.我更喜歡法國電影。相關(guān)鏈接：prefer噸更喜歡preferable adj.更好一些(和to連用) preferably ado.是用法拓展.have a preference for偏愛 show/gire(a)preference

2、 for偏愛have a preference of sth.to/over,.寧要某物而不要另一物in preference to優(yōu)先于;喜歡甚于特別提醒;prefer是preference的動詞形式，其搭配為：prefer sth./doing sth.to sth./doing sth.喜歡而不喜歡prefer to dorather than do寧愿干而不愿干2.design vn.設(shè)計;打算給用 eg：He is designing a house f6r his frlend.他正給他的朋友設(shè)計房子。The road was not designed for heavy lruc

3、ks.這公路不是為重型卡車設(shè)計的。用法拓展：designf0 r為某人設(shè)計 .be dem。gned for/to do目的是，打算給用 一by design成心地 have designs on/against對別有用心特別提醒：design當(dāng)“目的是;打算給用”講時，多用于被動構(gòu)造。3.belong vi.屬于;是成員 eg：She belongs to this school.她是這個學(xué)校的成員。 China belongs to the third world.中國屬于第三世界。相關(guān)鍵接;belongings n.(復(fù))所有物，財產(chǎn)用法拓展：belong to sb.屬于某人的特別提醒

4、：(1)belong to后面接名詞的普通格.不接所有格：后接代詞時用賓格，不用名詞性物主代詞。(2)beIong to沒有被動語態(tài)，不用于進(jìn)展時態(tài)。4.impress vt.銘刻，給極深印象;使感動eg： What impressed me is the beauty of the scenery there.使我印象深化的是那兒美麗的風(fēng)景。 The book tmpressed a lot of people.那本書在很多人心中留下深化印象。 My father impressed on me the importaflce of work.父親要我銘刻工作的重要性。相關(guān)鏈接：impres

5、sion n.印象，感覺impressive adj.給人留下深化印象的用法拓展：impress sth.on sth.在上印tmpress sth.with sth.用印be impressed by/at/with被深深打動 be impressed on曲.使某人銘刻 make aimpression on對留下印象5.despitpe prep.不管，不顧;聽?wèi){eg：He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.他木顧重病還是來出席了會議。He is very active despite his age.他年紀(jì)雖大.卻很活潑。用

6、法拓展：despile=in spite of盡管though(althougll)盡管.雖然特別提醒：despitein spite of但比in spite of更正式。despite(in spite of) 是介詞.后接名詞(動名詞.代詞)而though、although是連詞.連接句子。as con).引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句.句子須部分倒裝。whik conj“盡管”引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句。6.taste vt嘗味道 vi.嘗起來.吃起來 n情趣。鑒賞力eg;can you taste anything strange in this soup?你嘗得出這湯有什么怪味嗎?The soup

7、 tastes delicious.這湯很可口。The girl has a taste for music.這女孩對音樂感興趣。相關(guān)鏈接：tasty adj.美味的，可口的 a tasty meaI一頓美餐用法拓展：have a taste for對喜歡 to ones taste按口味.合口味特別提醒;taste作系動詞用后面須接形容詞作表語;無被動語態(tài)和進(jìn)展時態(tài)。二、重點(diǎn)短語7.fill up with用裝滿 eg：Birds fill up the spaces between the branehes of their nests with soft materials.鳥用柔軟的材

8、料填滿鳥巢之間的空間。相關(guān)鏈接：fuIl“adj.充滿的用法拓展：fillwith用裝滿一be filled with be fuIl of裝滿fill in填入.填空特別提醒：be filled with用裝滿.be fuIl of裝滿，這兩個短語中特別注意介詞，不要用混。8.set.一aside把置于一旁.留出，撥出 eg：Ive set aside some money for this journey.我為這趟旅行存了一些錢。Lets set aslde our personal feelings.我們先暫時拋開個人情感。用法拓展：put aside節(jié)省(錢，時間).儲存?zhèn)溆胹tep

9、aslde避開.讓步.站到一邊take aside把叫到一邊三、重點(diǎn)交際用語9.I cant stand.”我不能忍受eg：she cant startd the pam.她無法忍受那種痛苦。we cant stand being made fun of.我們無法忍受被別人嘲弄。用法拓展：cant stand+n /pron 不能忍受cant stand+doing不能忍受特別提醒：stand當(dāng)”承受.忍受”講.通常用于否認(rèn)句和疑問句，不可用于進(jìn)展時，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。四、重點(diǎn)句型10.with+0+0C with的復(fù)合構(gòu)造 eg：with the door open he sIept

10、Iast mght.昨天晚上他開著門睡覺。With the boy leadmg the way.we had no difficulty finding his house.有孩子帶路.我們沒費(fèi)事就找到了他的家。用法拓展：with+賓語+形容詞 with+賓語十副詞with+賓語一介詞短語with十賓語+如今分詞 with十賓語+過去分詞 with十賓語+不定式特別提醒:with后面的賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間假設(shè)是主動關(guān)系，用doing或to do;假設(shè)是被動關(guān)系.那么用done。五、詞語辨析(1)create指“有目的地把原材料制成新產(chǎn)品”;也指“創(chuàng)造出原來不存在或與眾不同的事物”。 eg：Weve

11、 created a new building out of an old ruin.我們從舊廢墟上創(chuàng)立了一幢新樓。(2)invent指“通過想像，研究，勞動，創(chuàng)造出前所未有的東西”，尤指“科技上的創(chuàng)造創(chuàng)造”。 eg：Edison invented the light bulb.愛迪生創(chuàng)造了電燈泡。(3)make是最常用詞，指“用勞動創(chuàng)造、消費(fèi)、形成或組成”某事物。 eg：AIl kinds of machine tools are made in this factory.這家工廠制造各種機(jī)床。(4)produce指“通過勞動加工而消費(fèi)產(chǎn)品”，尤指“工農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品”。 eg：We must pr

12、oduce more food for ourselves and import less.我們必須增產(chǎn)食品，減少進(jìn)口。高二英語第三單元重點(diǎn)知識點(diǎn)21.做主語：-般來說，不定式和動名詞成份一樣時，表示客觀性、一般性行為為多用動名詞表示，而表示一次性、詳細(xì)性行為那么多用不定式。Looking after children is her job.To clean the classroom is his job today.2.做賓語：I like swimming, but I dont like to swim today because I dont feel well.(1).有些動詞只能

13、接不定式做賓語，這些動詞接上不定式，含有明顯的主觀性和將來性意義。如：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)，等等。He refused to speak on the radio.He desired to see you.(2).有些動詞只接動名詞做賓語，這些動詞接上動名詞，含有明顯的“根據(jù)往事或經(jīng)

14、歷來作出理解和判斷”的意思。mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike，keep(on)，avoid，permit，imagine，risk，escape，admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse，等等。短語動詞：give up，put off，look forward to，feel like，insist on，object to，preventfrom，set about，cant help，be/get used to等短語：be worth doing，be no g

15、ood doing，be no use doing，be busy doing等The mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river.She cant stand having nothing to do at home.His wife doesnt allow smoking inside the room and often advised him to give up smoking.All the family insisted on my staying with them a few days lon

16、ger.Its no good learning without practicing.Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.She doesnt feel like eating anything，being ill for a few days.(3).有些動詞后面既可接不定式，又可接動名詞，其意義根本一樣，區(qū)別不大。如;like，love，hate，delay，continue，attempt(企圖)，afford(提供)，prefer.omit(省略)，begin，start.The Einsteins, however, could

17、not afford to pay for(or：paying for)the advanced education that young Albert needed.I prefer staying (to stay) at home on Sunday.注意：begin和start本身為進(jìn)展時，或后面動詞為心理變化意義的動詞時，須接不定式。When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.

18、(4).有些詞后面既可以接不定式.亦可接動名詞，但其意義有很大區(qū)別，須特別注意：A.remember，forget，regret接動名詞，表示完成意義(=having done)，接不定式，表示將來意義：Please remember to bring me the book I want next time.I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before.Dont forget to write to me soon.I never forget visiting (=having visited) them for the

19、 first time.I regret missing that good film last week.(懊悔干事)I regret not taking (not having taken) your advice.I regret to say I cant take your advice. (遺憾=be sorry)B.mean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要;mean doing：意味著，就是I am sorry, I didnt mean to hurt your feelings，I meant to call on you, but I was so

20、busy.Learning a foreign language doesnt mean just working in class.C.stop：stop to do停下來，要干另一件事，不定式作目的狀語;stop doing停頓干，動名詞作賓語。After some time, they stopped walking and had a rest.After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.D.try：try to do，努力，試圖干事;try doing：試著干事He searched everywhere and trie

21、d to find his key.He came to the city from the countryside and tried to find a job.The mother is out and the boy had to try cooking for himself.They tried to succeed and tried doing their experiments again and again.E.want，need，require接動名詞表示被動意義，表示“需要、該”;接不定式，表示“想，要干”The room wants cleaning.The bike

22、 requires repairing.These young trees require looking after.The matter needs thinking over.(=to be thought over)A Mr. Wang wants to see you.You dont need to leave so early.F.go on：go on to do繼續(xù)干和原來不同的另一件事，不定式作目的狀語。go on doing繼續(xù)干原來同一件事，動名詞作賓語。After a smoke，he went on telling us that interesting story

23、.After writing his English position he went on to work out his maths problems.G.動詞advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接單賓語時用動名詞，接復(fù)合賓語時用動詞不定式。Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit ones health.The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health.She doesnt allow (permit) smoking in her

24、room.=She doesnt allow (permit)anyone to smoke in her room.Parking is forbidden here.=Any cars not permitted to park here.3.做賓補(bǔ)：不定式可以表示一次性、詳細(xì)性行為，以及將來意義的行為。如今分詞可以表示當(dāng)時正在發(fā)生的進(jìn)展意義的行為，亦可表示-個持續(xù)時間的延續(xù)性的行為動作。過去分詞可以表示完成意義的行為或狀態(tài)，及物動詞的過去分詞亦有被動意義，不及物動詞的過去分詞仍是主動意義。When I came in, I saw her dancing happily.I often

25、hear her sing songs in English in her room.They had the lights burning all night long.I saw Li Ping pass by and enter the next room just now.The mother will have the doctor examine her son again.Tomorrow Ill have my hair cut.When I got home I found the window broken and the thief gone away already.W

26、hen they returned to their hometown, after an absence of twenty years, they found everything changed.4.做表語：不定式和動名詞做表語解釋主語內(nèi)容，且可以和主語顛倒，意思仍然通順，答復(fù)what的問題。它們有時存在經(jīng)常性和一次性行為的區(qū)別，分詞做表語說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)，不能和主語顛倒，可以答復(fù)how的問題。Her job is cleaning offices.(What is her job?) (Cleaning offices is her job.)Our job today is

27、 to clean the office.(=To clean the office is our job today.)The news is very exciting.(How is the news?)They are very tired after a long walk.The door is locked now.The children are well dressed these days.5.做定語：不定式做定語與先行詞有動賓、主謂和解釋先行詞內(nèi)容等關(guān)系。在時態(tài)上常是將來意義，如今分詞做定語是如今時或進(jìn)展時態(tài)意義;過去分詞做定語那么是完成時態(tài)意義。此外，不定式做定語時只能

28、后置，不可前置，而單個分詞做定語可前置，分詞短語做定語那么須后置。動名詞做定語，須前置，且要重讀，它說明先行詞的用途。而分詞做定語說明先行詞的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。a swimming boy=a boy who is swimminga swimming pool=a pool for swimmingthe boiling water=the water that is boilingdrinking water=water for drinkingToday I have a letter to write.Please find a man to help us.It is a good

29、chance to practise your spoken English.I like reading books written by Lu Xun.The woman standing over there is our English teacher.The house to be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year will be our new library.The house being built (=which is being built) now will be our new lib

30、rary.The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now.6.做狀語：不定式和分詞做狀語各有不同分工。動詞不定式多做目的、結(jié)果和原因狀語，且多放在句末;分詞可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式狀語，多置于句首，做伴隨狀語，多放在后面。單獨(dú)的動名詞不能做狀語，在介詞后形成介詞短語，從而做狀語。(1).目的狀語：通常有不定式表示，由于不定式的客觀性和將來性特征。不定式前還可加上in order，so as來加強(qiáng)說話的口氣。但so as to通常不用于句首。The Smiths have gone to Lond

31、on to spend their holidays.I came here (in order/so as) to hear the report.In order to(不用so as to) see better, we took front seats.(2).時間狀語：分詞作時間狀語相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句。如今分詞作時間狀語一般位于句首，表示的動作和謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生，有時如今分詞前可以加上時間連詞。假設(shè)分詞動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，用如今分詞的完成體形式。過去分詞作時間狀語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成同時性和被動意義。分詞前有時加上時間連詞。Arriving (=When he arrived)

32、at the bus stop, he found his sister there.Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.Having (=When we have) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination.Having (=When he had) finished his homework, he went to bed.After finishing his homework, he went to

33、bed.Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.Locked (=When he was looked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.When asked to make a speech, he said he was glad to do so.Once recovered, he went all out to do his work.(3).原因狀語：不定式作原因狀語往往用于形容詞

34、之后,這些形容詞通常是happy, sorry, fortunate, angry, glad, ashamed, discouraged, delighted, frightened, shocked等。分詞作原因狀語相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句。一般位于句首。I am sorry to hear that you are not well.Im very sorry to have kept you waiting so long.We are greatly delighted to have a native as our guide.Being (=Since he was) ill all

35、last year, he lived in a sanatorium.There being no enough money, he couldnt buy the dictionary that he wanted.Having (=Since they had) been asked to stay, they couldnt possibly leave right away.Moved (=As he was moved) by the heroic deeds of the PLA man, he burst into tears.(4).條件狀語：通常用分詞來表示，相當(dāng)于條件狀語

36、從句。一般位于句首。Turning (=If you turn) to the left，you will see the post office.United (=If we are united), we stand; divided (=if we are divided), we fall.Given (=If he had been given) more time, he would be able to do better.(5).結(jié)果狀語從句：不定式作結(jié)果狀語通常用于so+形容詞或副詞+as to，such+名詞+as to，tooto，enough to和only to等構(gòu)造

37、。如今分詞作結(jié)果狀語表示謂語動詞的結(jié)果。He arrived late to find the train gone.I worked late into the night, only to find I had not finished half of the job.He was so friendly as to be always helpful to his neighbours.His is such a sad story as to arouse out sympathy。I ran faster than ever, reaching the schoolyard quit

38、e out of breath.The man died young, leaving nothing but debt.(6).讓步狀語：通常有過去分詞來表示，而且前面通常有表示讓步意義的though。Though wounded, the soldier managed to get to the village safely.Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.(7).伴隨或方式狀語：分詞作伴隨狀語通常位于句尾，表示謂語動詞正在所處主動或被動的狀態(tài)。Chinese businessmen,

39、taxi drivers and students talk with them using English.She came running towards us.They walked along the streets, talking and laughing.He went into the house, followed by some children.He continued to walk up and down, lost in thought.高二英語第三單元重點(diǎn)知識點(diǎn)3一、不定式做主語：1、不定式做主語一般表示詳細(xì)的某次動作。=動名詞doing 表示習(xí)慣的，經(jīng)常的動作。e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.To do such things is foolish.To see is to believe. (對等)注: 1). 不定式作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)2). 當(dāng)主語較長，謂語較短時，常用it做形式主語，而將不定式放到謂語的后面。it做形式主語，不定式放在謂語動詞之后常用于以下構(gòu)造中：(1)It is/was +adj.+of sb