名詞性從句詳細(xì)講解

1、名詞性從句詳細(xì)講解1 /8 /8名詞性從句講解在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句是中學(xué)階段的一個重要語法項目，在歷年的高考中幾乎都涉及到，并且每年的命題各有變化。分析歷屆高考試題名詞性從句考查的焦點主要有以下六個方面1.考查名詞性從句的語序問題2.考查引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別3.考查it在名詞性從句中作形式主語或形式賓語的用法4.考查whether與if的區(qū)別5.考查名詞性從句中的疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與nomatter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的區(qū)別6.考查名詞性從句的虛擬語氣問題語法要點剖析一、名詞性從句主語從句

2、、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句，在整個句子中所起的作用，相當(dāng)于一個名詞。因此，這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞：that,whether,if(不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分)連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.連接副詞：when,where,how,why主語從句作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞弓導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；

3、連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如：Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：It+be+名詞+that從句(2)

4、It+be+形容詞+that從句It+be+動詞的過去分詞+that從句(4)It+不及物動詞+that從句另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣”(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatItisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that.Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that.賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致

5、一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時，第二個分句前的that不可省。例如：HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。Wemustneverthink（that）wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、ins

6、ist,desire,demand,request,command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+動詞原形”。例如：Iinsistthatshe（should）doherworkalone.我堅持要她自己工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops（should）setoffatonce.司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：Iw

7、anttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告訴了你什么。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支持。用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：a.引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時；b.引導(dǎo)表語從句時；c.引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時；d.從句后有“ornot”時；e.后接動詞不定式時。

8、例如：Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時態(tài)。例如：hestudiesEnglisheveryday.（從句用一般現(xiàn)在時）hestudiedEnglishlastterm.（從句用一般過去時）Iknow（that）hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.（從句用一般將來時）hehasstu

9、diedEnglishsince1998.（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時）當(dāng)主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（could,would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：Wedontthinkyouarehere.我們認(rèn)為你不在這。Idontbelievehewilldos

10、o.我相信他不會這樣做。表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用asif引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動詞+that從句。例如：Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事實是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。Thatiswhyhedidntcometothemeeting.那就是他為什么不到會的原因。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，當(dāng)主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewast

11、hathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebac

12、khome.我不知道他什么時候回來。ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到可能瑪麗生病了。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略；that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。試比較下面兩個例句:Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略）Haveyougottheidea（that）thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?（that弓|導(dǎo)定語從句

13、，作賓語，可以省略）名詞性從句專項練習(xí)100題Hissuccesswasbecauseofhehadbeenworkinghard.A.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact“IsMaryfromNewYorkCity”“Idontknow.”A.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB.fromwhatcityshecomeC.whatcitydoesshecomefromD.whatcityshecomesfrommakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.D.WhateverD.thatIgotD.forD.heha

14、sdonesoA.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverThereasonwhyIdidntgotoShanghaiwasanewjob.A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotItworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.TOC o 1-5 h zA.whileB.thatC.ifHenrykilledthedog.Illaskhimwhy.A.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidHaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow.A.howheisgettingalongB.h

15、owishegettingalongItisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveA.howeverB.whateverHeaskedmewithme.achildheorshewants.C.whicheverD.wheneverA.whatisthetroubleC.whatwasthematter10.Iamsurehesaidistrue.B.whatwrongwasD.whattroubleitisA.thatB.aboutthat11.WhenandwhyhecamehereA.isnotknownB.arenotknown12.Iwonderhowmuch

16、.C.ofthatyet.C.hasnotknownD.thatwhatD.havenotbeeA.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcosts13.Maryissomeonemightrecognizeher.A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidforC.whatheisgettingalongD.whatishegettingalongisnoreasonfordismissingher.A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.Owi

17、ngtoafewminuteslateC.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate15.Theycametotheconclusionbyacomputer.A.thatnotallthingscanbedoneB.becauseofnotallthingsbedoneC.beingnotallthingscanbedoneD.becausenotallthingscanbedoneWhytheexplosionoccurredwasthelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.A.forB.be

18、causeC.sinceD.thatIdontdoubthellcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether“Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang”“Well,IforgetIwassupposedtogoto.”A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasit19.Outputisnowsixtimesitwasbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhichMary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshesnowbu

19、yingabighouse.Carol:Yes.Becauseshesalwayssaved.A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearnssurprisedmemostwassuchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That.whatB.What.thatC.That.whichD.What.whichWegavehimhelpwecould.D.thisA.whichB.whatC.thatSheispleasedwithwha

20、tyouhavegivenhimandyouhavetoldhim.A.thatB.whichC.allwhatD.allthatB.whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheldD.whenthesportsmeetistotakeplaceB.howbigshoeshewearsD.whatnumbershoesarehisExcusemewouldyoupleasetellmeA.whenthesportsmeetistakenplaceC.whenisthesportsmeettobegin25.DoyouhappentoknowA.whatsizeshoeshewe

21、arsC.whatisthesizeofhisshoesThisbookwillshowyoucanbeusedinothercontexts.A.howyouhaveobservedB.howwhatyouhaveobservedC.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobservedWheredoyouthinkA.hashegoneB.hashebeenC.hesgoneD.washeDoyouknowhowmanypopulationsthereareintheworldhowmuchpopulationthereisintheworldhowmany

22、thepopulationoftheworldiswhatthepopulationoftheworldisWouldyougoandseeoutsideA.whattotakeplaceB.whatTomhashappenedC.whatishappeningD.whatthematterhadbeenThesubjectofWhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim.isA.whatB.interestingIthinkheisCharles.A.WhodoyouthinkheisC.WhomdoyouthinkheisWhatisinterestin

23、gD.IB.DoyouthinkwhoheisDoyouthinkwhoheisA.theylivedB.theylivedindidtheylivedidtheyliveinThelittleboyatehismothergavehim.A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.nomatterwhatThecityisnolonger.A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobeMyparentsusedtheyhadtogetanewcarforme.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.allwhatwegos

24、wimmingeverydayusalotofgood.A.If.doB.That.doC.If.doesD.That.doeswastheideathewifethoughtofA.What.thatB.That.whatC.How.whydidhetellhiswifehewishedtodoA.That.whatB.What.thatC.WherewhichD.Why.howD.WhichwhereOneofthemenheldtheviewthebooksaidwasright.whatthatthatwhatthatwhichwhichthatHedidntknowwhichroom

25、Ihavenoideaornothehasfinishedthework.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which“Doyouknow“Hisfatherisadoctor.”B.whoishisfatherD.whohisfatherisA.whatishisfatherC.whathisfatherisIsthiswemeteachothertwoyearsagoD.placewhichD.isthoughtthatA.placeB.placeinwhichC.whereItBobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtt

26、hatWeallknowthetruththereareair,waterandsunlighttherearelivingthings.D.thatwhereverA.whereB.whereverC.thatTheydiscussedtheycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothershelp.A.ifB.thatSheasked.A.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeupC.whensherangmeupwhatIwasdoing47.MayIborrowtheringYoucantakeyoulike.nomatterwhatB.whichHe

27、saidthathewasfondofwhatbeautifulisC.beautifuliswhatC.whatD.whetherwhatwasIdoingwhensherangmeupD.whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoingD.thatwhatisbeautifulD.whatitisbeautifulC.whichever1名詞性從句詳細(xì)講解1 /8 /8Heinsistedthatheingoodhealthandtoworkthere.A.was,besentB.is,issentC.be,wassentD.be,sendDoyouknowheexpects

28、willgiveusatalkA.whoB.whomC.thatD.whoseItsuncertaintheexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.howTheywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterdayitwasaholiday.A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.butforistodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.A.WhicheverishardB.NomatterwhatishardC.WhatishardD.Allwhatishard

29、theboydidnttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.WhichAsthedaywasfine,Imadethesuggestionforawalkinthepark.A.wegoB.wewillgoC.shouldwegoD.thatwegowecantgetseemsbetterthanwehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,whatyoudontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.WhetherYoucantima

30、ginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited59.wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where60.hereallymeansishedisagreeswithus.A.WhatthatB.ThatwhatC.WhythatD.Ifwhat61.isgoingtodothejobwillbedeci

31、dedbythePartycommittee.A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who62._wellfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That63._thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrowsmeeting.A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.What64._hewontgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.This65._youcomeornotisuptoyou.A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Wheth

32、er66._makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody67._teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.How.Threedayslater,wordcameourcountryhadsentupanotherman-madesatellite.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where.Theproblemiswillgotothemeeting.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.who70.Itlooksitwere

33、goingtorain.A.evenifB.asifC.eventhoughD.like71.Thatis_helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how72.ThatisLuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why73.Wethought_strangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.A.thatB.itC.thisD.what.Thefactshehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how.WhatImconsider

34、ingnowthemoneyweneed.A.isB.areC.wereD.was.CanyoutellmeA.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentlemanleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.WhoItiswellknownapersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.A.thatwhat,when,andhowB.thatC.whatD.howTheen

35、ergyismakesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.suchJackwassoontoldhedidwasnotnecessary.A.whyB.thatC.howD.whywhatWeshouldthinkcarefullyaboutMr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.XCanyoupointouttworadiosarethebestA.whichB.whatC.thatD.whetherYouwilleasilyknowvideorecorders（錄相機(jī)）aret

36、hesame.A.whatthoseB.thatofthoseC.thatallofD.whichofthoseyouhaveseenthingslikethesebeforedoesntmatter.A.IfB.WhetherC.WhatD.WhenIaskedherinEnglishshewas,andshetoldmeshewasanactress.A.who.thatB.who.XC.what.XD.how.thatShetookitforgrantedIdbebackhomeanhourago.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.whenWethinkitpossiblethe

37、localgovernmentwillbeabletosolvethehousingproblem.A.forB.thatC.whenD.howNowthereisadangerthegroundmayfallin（沉下）undertheheavytraffic.A.whetherB.ifC.XD.thatAtthattimeIhadnoideaIcouldhandittohimwithoutbeingseen.A.ifB.howC.whichD.thathowLastSundayhepromisedtoday,buthehasntappearedyet.thathewouldcomethathewillcomeC.hewillcometoseemeD.whetherhewouldcomeLastSundayhemadeapromisehewasfreehewouldtakemetoQingdao.A.ifB.thatC.thatifD.whetherDoyou