Unit 1 (WRITING WORKSHOP - READING CLUB 2)詞匯課件-高中英語北師大版選擇性必修第一冊

1、單詞課堂A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. Vygotsky版本：新北師單元：選擇性必修一 Unit 1 (WRITING WORKSHOP READING CLUB 2)本單元詞匯梳理1.invitationinvite + -aniseorgan (器官 / 人體組織) + -ise (使化) 使有組織地運行，引申為“組織”詞族：organ, organise, organiser, organisation3.topic詞塊：a hot / sensitive topic, on topic4.innovatio

2、nin- (進入) + novus (new 新的) + -ation 進入新的領(lǐng)域 創(chuàng)新petitor詞族：compete, competence, competition, competitive, competitor6.fluencyfluent gressionprogress progression8.engagementengage engagement9.sincerely詞族：sincere, sincerely, sincerity10.belong詞塊：belong to，不能用于進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)派生詞：belonging (a sense of

3、 belonging)belongings (personal belongings)11approval構(gòu)詞法：approve approval12.defendde- (from, away 離開) + -fend (hit, strike 打擊) 擊擋開 防御派生詞：defence13. principle 一詞多義，基本義：原理、原則詞塊：in principle, against sbs principles 14.unmotivatedmotivate motivated unmotivated15. contrastcontra (against 相對) + -st (to st

4、and 站) 相對而站進行比較 對比詞塊：by / in contrast, in contrast with / to, make a contrast with, contrast between and 16.motivationmotivate motivation motivate：mot (to move 移動) + -ate (使具有特性) 使有動機 激發(fā)重難點詞精講organise詞源義一詞多義defend一詞多義辨析義behalf搭配義抽象名詞belong搭配義contrast搭配義take upprinciple一詞多義一詞多義organize / organise來自or

5、gan (器官) + -ize (使)，即使器官有組織地運行，引申詞義組織、安排。organorganise器官使有組織化組織organisation使役動詞后綴-ize / -ise： modernmodernize / modernise使現(xiàn)代化real realize / realise使成為現(xiàn)實-ize / ise后綴意為“使具有某種特性”；通常加在名詞或形容詞后。national使國有化nationalize/ nationalise vt 組織；籌備 to plan an event, activity, etc.：I knew nothing about organizing a

6、ny big event. 2012 天津 vt 整理；分配 to put or arrange things into a system or logical order：When writing an article, we should read the topic carefully and organize our ideas. 2009 福建改 vorganize / organiseorganise語義網(wǎng)絡圖組織organise基本義“組織”活動“組織”想法、時間等，使之有序組織；籌備整理；分配 organized / organised 只用于名詞前 有組織的；有安排的：I w

7、ant to work with a well organized team. 有序的；有條理的：a very organized person【詞匯拓展】 organizer / organiser n C 組織者 organisation / organization n C 組織；團體；機構(gòu)form / set up an international organization the World Health Organization (WHO) U 組織工作 (planning)：He is engaged in the organization of a new club.【文化拓展

8、】 希波克拉底（古希臘文：，前460年前370年）為古希臘伯里克利時代的醫(yī)師，被西方尊為“醫(yī)學之父（Father of medicine）”，西方醫(yī)學奠基人。 為了抵制“神賜疾病”的謬說，希波克拉底積極探索人的肌體特征和疾病的成因，提出了著名的“體液學說”。那時，尸體解剖為宗教與習俗所禁止，希波克拉底勇敢地沖破禁令，秘密進行了人體解剖，獲得了許多關(guān)于人體結(jié)構(gòu)（body structure）的知識。 希波克拉底誓言（Hippocrates：The Oath of Medicine）是希波克拉底警誡人類的古希臘職業(yè)道德的圣典，他向醫(yī)學界發(fā)出的行業(yè)道德倡議書，是從醫(yī)人員入學第一課要學的重要內(nèi)容，也是

9、全社會所有職業(yè)人員言行自律的要求。高考鏈接根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當?shù)脑~塊完成句子。_（代表）everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.（2013 遼寧）behalf我代表在座的各位，祝你們回國旅途愉快。On behalf of behalf R1 n用于以下慣用語：on behalf of sb / on sbs behalf 代表：I, on behalf of our class, welcome you warmly and sincerely. 2014 天津書面表達 為了某人；因為某人：They w

10、rite letters of recommendation on behalf of students. Dont worry on my behalf. in behalf of sb / in sbs behalf 為了某人；為了某人的利益：We collect money in behalf of the homeless. take uptake up為高頻多義短語動詞，take和up的字面意義組合是“拿起”，也是其根義，不過這層意思現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)很少使用。up1. After he retired from office, Rogers took up painting for a wh

11、ile, but soon lost interest. 2. If you want to take up this job, you should first be trained for three months. 3. The desk takes up a lot of room. 4. Helen always helps her mother even though going to school takes up most of her day. 5. Rick took up the challenge and cycled alone for 250 miles. 根據(jù) t

12、ake up 的基本義到衍生義，寫出下列句子中 take up 的漢語意思。（尤指為消遣）學著做；開始做開始（從事；擔任）占據(jù)空間占用時間接受拿起take up（基本義）“拿起”某項活動“拿起”工作或職位“拿起”時間或空間“拿起”建議或其他得到的東西take up 語義網(wǎng)絡圖 （尤指為消遣）學著做；開始做 開始從事；開始擔當 占用 接受belongVictory belongs to the most persevering. 勝利屬于最堅忍的人。 Napoleon拿破侖波拿巴（1769年8月15日1821年5月5日），即拿破侖一世（Napolon I），出生于科西嘉島，十九世紀法國偉大的軍事

13、家、政治家，法蘭西第一帝國的締造者。拿破侖于1804年12月2日加冕稱帝，把共和國變成帝國。在位期間稱“法國人的皇帝”，也是歷史上自查理三世后第二位享有此名號的法國皇帝。belong vi 屬 (于)；應在 (某處)：Put the chair back where it belongs. belong to 屬于；是的成員；應歸入：Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are his and hers. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dre

14、ams. Mike belongs to the English club. Lions and tigers belong to the cat family. 注：belong to 不能用于進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。 belonging n U 歸屬：a sense of belonging belongings n C 復數(shù) 所有物；財產(chǎn)；財物 (possessions)：Look after your personal belongings. 2008 四川defend“我不同意你說的每一句話，但我誓死捍衛(wèi)你說話的權(quán)利?！边@句話來自英國女作家伊夫林比阿特麗斯霍爾所作的伏爾泰的朋友們(The

15、 Friends of Voltaire)。伏爾泰（Voltaire，16941778），18世紀法國啟蒙思想家、文學家、哲學家 ，是十八世紀法國資產(chǎn)階級啟蒙運動的泰斗，被譽為“法蘭西思想之王”“法蘭西最優(yōu)秀的詩人”“歐洲的良心”，主張開明的君主政治，強調(diào)自由和平等。 vt & vi 防護；防御；保衛(wèi)：All our officers are trained to defend themselves from / against knife attacks. vt 為辯護；為辯解：Students should be ready to explain and defend their view

16、s.The law allows people to defend themselves against a charge. vt & vi（比賽中）防守；防衛(wèi)：What are the forwards doing attacking or defending?defend v防護；防御；保衛(wèi)defend防護（基本義）武力“防護”為辯護；為辯解(比賽中) 防守；防衛(wèi)比賽中“防護”言語“防護”defend 語義網(wǎng)絡圖defend, guard, protect 辨析三者都含有“保護”之意。defend 指“保衛(wèi)”“防御”，指抵御或擊退外來的攻擊。When the dog attacked me

17、, I defended myself with a stick. guard 指“守護”“看守”，指保持警惕或注意來防止危險發(fā)生。The dog was guarding its owners tect 語義范圍廣，指“保護”，以免遭受危險、傷害等。Were doing whatever we can to protect our environment from pollution. 在體育運動中，defend 和 guard 均指“防守”。the Murphys law 墨菲定律Newtons third law 牛頓第三定律Archimedes principle

18、 阿基米德定律Paretos principle 帕累托法則（二八定律）Butterfly Effect 蝴蝶效應 catfish effect 鯰魚效應 我們讀到的“定律”、“原理（原則）”和“效應”principle principle n C 原理；原則 the basic idea that a plan or system is based on：Excellent customer service should be our guiding principle. C & U 道德準則；行為準則 a moral rule or belief about what is right a

19、nd wrong, that influences how you behave：I refuse to lie about it; its against my principles. Shed never ask to borrow money, on principle. C（機器等的）工作原理；（自然界的）定律；法則 a general or scientific law that explains how sth works or why sth happens：Archimedes principleArchimedes principle阿基米德定律它是流體靜力學的一個重要原理，

20、它指出，浸入靜止流體中的物體受到一個浮力，其大小等于該物體所排開的流體重量，方向豎直向上并通過所排開流體的形心。這結(jié)論是阿基米德首先提出的，故稱阿基米德定律。阿基米德（公元前287年公元前212年），古希臘哲學家、百科式科學家、數(shù)學家、物理學家、力學家，靜態(tài)力學和流體靜力學的奠基人，并且享有“力學之父”的美稱。阿基米德和高斯、牛頓并列為世界三大數(shù)學家。阿基米德曾說過：“給我一個支點，我就能撬起整個地球?！眕rinciple 語義網(wǎng)絡圖 原理；原則（基本義）（機器等的）工作原理；（自然界的）定律 道德準則；行為準則行為的基本原則事物運作的科學原則in principle 理論上；原則上：I ag

21、ree with it in principle but I doubt if it will happen in practice. 大體上；基本上：We agree with it in principle but we still need to discuss the details. contrast 詞源解讀contrast 由 contra “against” + stare “to stand” 構(gòu)成，即“相對而站進行比較”。contrast vt & vi (使) 形成對照；(使) 形成對比：In his book, the writer contrasts good wit

22、h evil.His actions contrast sharply with his promises. n C & U 差異；對比；對照：the economic and social contrasts between the poor and the rich by / in contrast 相比之下：By contrast, Mrs Young was much more outsopken. in contrast with / to 與對比；與相反：In contrast to his wife, Bush has little appetite for foreign tr

23、avel.make a contrast with 與形成對比：The white walls make a contrast with the black carpet.辨析compare: 側(cè)重比較兩個或更多東西的異同優(yōu)劣，強調(diào)相同或類似之處，實際為求同而比較。Shakespeare compared the world to stage.contrast: 側(cè)重比較兩個或更多東西之間的差異，強調(diào)不同點。實際為求異之對比。Incontrast,thelivesofchildreninwell-to-do families were often very sheltered.行為抽象名詞由動詞派生而來的抽象名詞叫作行為抽象名詞。 寫出下列動詞的名詞形式。vnengageimpressapprovesurviveintendpresentmotivateengagementimpressionapprovalsurvivalintentionpresentationmotivation用方框中