蒙大英語國家-英國概況課件02 Two British Government

1、 Lecture TwoBritish Government System ContentsWarm-Up 1Language Study2Detailed Study 3Extension4Warm-Up Discuss the Following Questions What are the three branches of the English parliament? What are the five titles of nobility?Warm-Up Discuss the Following QuestionsWho chooses the members of the Br

2、itish Cabinet?In which place are Kings and Queens crowned?Warm-Up Discuss the Following QuestionsWhere is the Monarchs residence in London?Whats the meaning of “parliament”?Obsolete : 過時的 Language Study Privy Council：樞密院 Consort ：配偶 Commonwealth ：英聯(lián)邦國家 Constituency ：選區(qū) Exposed life：公開的生活 Prerogative

3、：君權(quán)Language Study have the floor: 發(fā)言 hebeas corpus: 人身保護(hù)法 Legislature: 立法 coronation: 加冕 Chamber：議院Detailed StudyMonarchConstitutionElectionElectionPolitical PartiesParliament Monarch In modern BritainMonarchy might seem obsolete, but could not be abolished(P4)Royal family&lifeExample familyExposed

4、lifeQueens jobsDomestic and international affairs:Conferring honoursDay-to-day workings of government Privy councilHead of the Church of EnglandThe Monarchs consort Qualifications:(1) from a noble family,(2) with the consent of Parliament,(3) not a Roman Catholic.The Kings wifeQueen ConsortThe Queen

5、s husbandPrince Consort; the Duke of Edinburgh; the Prince of the UKThe eldest son the Prince of WalesSymbol of the spirit of the CommonwealthThe Queens personal flag, used when she is representing the CommonwealthSuccession Priority :-Sons and descendants-Daughters and descendants-Brothers and desc

6、endantsPrince of Wales目前的君主：伊麗莎白二世女王陛下威爾士親王查爾斯王儲殿下（伊麗莎白二世的長子） 威爾士的威廉王子殿下（查爾斯王儲的長子） 威爾士的亨利王子殿下（查爾斯王儲的次子） 約克公爵安德魯王子殿下（伊麗莎白二世的次子） 約克的比阿特麗斯公主殿下（約克公爵的長女.1988年生） 約克的歐吉妮公主殿下（約克公爵的次女.1990年生） 威塞克斯伯爵愛德華王子殿下（伊麗莎白二世的三子.1964年生） 塞文子爵詹姆士 （威塞克斯伯爵的兒子.2007年生） 路易斯溫莎郡主（威塞克斯伯爵的長女.2003年生） 安妮長公主殿下（伊麗莎白二世的女兒） 彼得菲利浦斯（安妮公主的兒

7、子） 扎拉菲利浦斯（安妮公主的女兒） 林萊子爵（喬治六世的外孫，瑪格麗特公主的兒子） 查爾斯阿姆斯特朗-瓊斯閣下（林萊子爵的兒子） 瑪格麗塔阿姆斯特朗-瓊斯閣下（林萊子爵的女兒） 薩拉切托夫人（喬治六世的外孫女、瑪格麗特公主的女兒） Coronation Coronation is a ceremony of crowning a king or a queen.Time: an interval after the death of the old kingPlace: Westminster AbbeyFormality grand and pompousConductor : the A

8、rchbishop of CanterburyParticipants: VIPs in Britain and foreign guestsResidenceBuckingham Palace, Windsor Castle St, James Palaces. Besides, the monarch has several other palaces or castles all over the country. Constitution of the United KingdomUncodified law, consisting of both written and unwrit

9、ten sourcesFlexibility Parliament has the ability to change any aspect of the constitution at will.Until recently, there was no modern statute or document that attempted to codify the rights of citizens 1215年的大憲章(Magna Carta)，1259年的人民協(xié)定(Agreement of the People)1295年的禁征賦稅條例(De Tallagio non Concendo)，

10、1628年的權(quán)利請愿書(The Petition of right)，1653政府約法(The Instrument of Government)，1679年的人身保護(hù)法(The Habeas Corpus act)，1689年的權(quán)利法典(The Bill of right)，1701年的王位繼承法(The Act of Settlement)，1706年的蘇格蘭聯(lián)合法(Act of Settlement)，1911年及1928年的國會法(The Parliament Act)，1914年的國家防衛(wèi)法(Defense of the Rralm Acts)，1918年的人民代表法(The Rep

11、resentation of the People Act)，1925年高等法院法(Supreme Court of Judicature)，1928年的男女選舉權(quán)平等法(The equale franchise act)，1931年的西敏寺條例(Statute of Westminster)，1936年的國王禪位法(the Abdication act)，1937年的攝政法(The Regency)，1947年的印度獨立法(Indian Independence Act)，1963年的貴族法(Peerage Act)，1972年的國家豁免法，1972年的歐洲共同體法(European Com

12、munity Act) Key statutes and conventionsMagna Carter (1215):Magna Carta was the most significant early influence on the long historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law today: Clause 1 of Magna Carta guarantees the freedom of the English ChurchHabeas corpus Act 1679Habeas corpus is

13、 the name of a legal instrument or writ by means of which detainees can seek release from unlawful imprisonment.It is an important instrument for the safeguarding of individual freedom against arbitrary state action.Other ActsSee p72. P2&5Components of the British Constitution(P2)Acts of ParliamentT

14、he Prerogative of the CrownConventions of the ConstitutionCommon lawParliamentary PrivilegeBill of Rights in 1689Some important conventionsRelating to monarchy The Sovereign shall grant the Royal Assent to all Bills passed by Parliament The monarch will not dissolve Parliament without the advice of

15、the Prime Minister. The monarch will ask the leader of the dominant party in the House of Commons to form a government.All ministers are to be drawn from the House of Commons or the House of Lords. Election Election ProcedureTime span: 5 years.646 constituency Royal Proclamation Members of Parliamen

16、tWrits of ElectionProcess: gomark seal take to unlockcountMP (most votes) Choose a governmentFirst-past-the-post election systemMainly big parties organize governmentCoalition governmentThe leader becomes Prime MinisterChoose the members of the CabinetParliament -legislatureLegislature the House of

17、Lords, hereditary peers or peeresses, senior judges, church figures and life peers the House of Commons, members of parliament Three functions to examine proposals for new laws to observe government policy and administration to debate the major issues of the dayParliamentHouse of CommonsHouse of Lor

18、ds Opposition partiesGoverning partyGoverning partyOpposition parties&Crossbenchers(英下院既非執(zhí)政黨也非在野黨的)中立議員, 中立人士 Shadow ministers (影子內(nèi)閣)Whips (黨鞭)BackbenchersGovernmentPrime minister Ministers MinistersWhips WhipsWhipsBackbenchersLordsBishopsbackbenchersbackbenchersMonarchUK ParliamentUK GovernmentScot

19、tish ParliamentWelshAssemblyNorthern IrishAssemblyEnglish localgovernmentScottish localgovernmentWelsh local governmentNorthern Irish localgovernmentPolitical frame workThe House of Commons is far more influential than the House of Lords. The chief executive is the prime minister, who is a member of

20、 the House of Commons. The executive branch also includes Her Majestys Government, commonly referred to simply as “the government.” Parliament MeaningA place for argument and debateWhen instituted in the 13th centuryThe House of Lords (p83) English NobilityThe House of Commons (p85)Parliament Govern

21、ment Forming the lawsForming the lawsHighest legislative authority Runs the countryCheck the work of governmentDevelop and implement policyDraft lawsExam, debate, approving new lawsKnown as the executive The LegislatureWhat is the difference between Parliament and governmentParliament is the supreme

22、 authority in the UK, made up of nearly 1,400 elected and unelected members and the monarch. Parliament can use its power to limit the actions of Government in a number of ways and thus prevent it from becoming to dominant.Cabinet the nucleus of the governmentWhat is the other name of the British Go

23、vernment? Her Majestys Government.What does the British Government refer to? The Cabinet which includes the Prime Minister and some other ministers.What is the Cabinet composed of? It is composed of the chiefs of the most important ministries and departments.Who are always included in the Cabinet? T

24、he Minister of Defense, the Foreign Secretary and the Chancellor of the ExchequerThe Prime Minister lives and works in his official residence, No. 10 Downing Street in a small street off Whitehall. One of the rooms in the Prime Ministers house is the Cabinet Room in which the Cabinet meetsusually on

25、ce a week. Discussions at the meeting are confidential and Cabinet members are bound by oath not to disclose any secrets.The Government AdministrationForeign and Commonwealth OfficeHome OfficeDept. of EnvironmentDept. of EmploymentScottish OfficeCivil Service DeptMonarchyMonarchy is a form of govern

26、ment in which one person has the hereditary right to rule as head of state during his or her lifetime. Republican governmentIt is a form of state based on the concept that sovereignty resides in the people, who delegate the power to rule in their behalf to elected representatives and officials.Democ

27、racyDemocracy is a political system in which the people of a country rule through any form of government they choose to establish. FederalismFederalism, also referred to as federal government, is a national or international political system in which two levels of government control the same territor

28、y and citizens. Unitary system Most countries are unitary systems, with laws giving virtually all authority to the central government. The central government may delegate duties to cities or other administrative units, but it retains final authority.Five titles: Duke, Marquees, Earl, Viscount and Ba

29、ronWho belong to the feudal noble class : Those with noble titlesSucceed: hereditaryTitle Knight: to those who have got great successes in their careers.The Political PartiesA two-party system Dominant : Conservative Part & Labor PartyMinor Parties: the Scottish Nationalist, Welsh Nationalist, Ulste

30、r Unionist, Social Democratic, Communists, Green parties.Formation: In 1679, Tories and WhigsToriesWhigs the smaller landed gentry and tradesmen-forefathers of the middle classThe landed aristocracy and big merchants of the townsParliament more powerConservative partyLiberal partyLabor partytwo majo

31、r parties:The Conservative Party The Labor Party Development: From Tories Unionists, liberals, socialists and the Fabian Society Time: the middle of 19th century(old) in 1900 (young) Characteristics: Right wing party Left wing partySupporters: middle and upper-middle class People of higher position Working class and common people relatively poor