2021屆高考英語二輪創(chuàng)新復(fù)習(xí)專題四第三節(jié)重難增分三定語從句與名詞性從句學(xué)案含解析

1、2021屆高考英語二輪創(chuàng)新復(fù)習(xí)專題四第三節(jié)重難增分三定語從句與名詞性從句學(xué)案含解析2021屆高考英語二輪創(chuàng)新復(fù)習(xí)專題四第三節(jié)重難增分三定語從句與名詞性從句學(xué)案含解析PAGE 2021屆高考英語二輪創(chuàng)新復(fù)習(xí)專題四第三節(jié)重難增分三定語從句與名詞性從句學(xué)案含解析重難增分三定語從句與名詞性從句授課提示：對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第64頁（一）定語從句定語從句是高考必考點(diǎn)之一，語法填空主要考查關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的選用,故分清句子結(jié)構(gòu),搞清定語從句部分缺少何種成分至關(guān)重要。語法填空考查形式均為無提示詞型填空。短文改錯(cuò)主要考查引導(dǎo)詞的誤用。定語從句的重要性還體現(xiàn)在書面表達(dá)上，它屬于高級(jí)句式,對提升文章的檔次起著舉足輕重的

2、作用。語法填空中的定語從句高考這樣考1(2020新高考全國卷）The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example，formed the core collection of the British Museum _ opened in 1759.2(2020高考全國卷）In ancient China lived an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike。3（2019高考全國卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at th

3、e pet shop in Macclesfield，_she opened with her late husband Les.4（2019高考全國卷）They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals。題目這么解1依據(jù)句子成分先判斷從句類型，是定語從句、名詞性從句還是狀語從句.2定語從句解題技巧:（1)尋找先行詞，辨別人與物（如T4）;（2)判定從句所缺的成分，確定填關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞；(3）明確關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句（如T1，T2，T4)和非限制性定語

4、從句(如T3)中的區(qū)別；(4）看是否需要考慮固定的介賓結(jié)構(gòu)，尤其是介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)；（5）what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句.自我診斷：1。which/that2。whose3.which4who/that 類題對點(diǎn)練1I am afraid he is more of a talker than a doer,which is why he never finishes anything.2Teotronico is the only robot in the world that is able to do all these things at the sa

5、me time。3To many of us,life is a constant battle where_the greatest competitor is ourselves.4There was a time when I thought my dad didnt know a thing about being a good father。5Kate，whose sister I shared a room with when we were in college,has gone to work in Australia.短文改錯(cuò)中的定語從句高考這樣考1（2020高考全國卷)Th

6、ank you for your letter，what really made me happy。_2（2019高考全國卷）One afternoon where I was in primary school，I was walking by the school playground._3(2018高考全國卷)They also had a small pond which they raised fish。_4（2017高考全國卷)In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden

7、，that is on the rooftop of their house。_ 題目這么解1關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞有無錯(cuò)用(如T1，T2,T3）或缺失;2限制性和非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞的使用是否混淆（如T4）；3關(guān)系代詞前的介詞有無錯(cuò)用或漏用（如T3);4定語從句與名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞是否錯(cuò)用(如T1）。自我診斷：1.whatwhich2.wherewhen3whichwhere或在which前加in4。thatwhich類題對點(diǎn)練1In the caf，customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is cr

8、eated for them.答案:In the caf,customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment eq f（what,that/which） is created for them。2When I was 12，I met Mary.She came to China with her parents，whom taught English in a university.答案：When I was 12，I met Mary.She came to China with her parents，eq f(wh

9、om，who） taught English in a university.3The house where I grew up in has been taken down and replaced by an office building.答案:The house eq f(where，which） 或 I grew up in has been taken down and replaced by an office building.4An ecosystem consists of the living and unliving things in an area where i

10、nteract with each other。答案:An ecosystem consists of the living and unliving things in an area eq f(where,that/which） interact with each other。定語從句的核心知識(shí)提煉 一、確定關(guān)系詞之“三看”1看先行詞和從句之間有無逗號(hào)隔開,有逗號(hào)的是非限制性定語從句,不可以用that引導(dǎo)；2看先行詞的屬性(是指人還是指物，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)還是原因）;3看關(guān)系詞在從句中所作的成分是主語、賓語、表語還是狀語。作主語、賓語、表語時(shí)用關(guān)系代詞who/whom/whose/whic

11、h/that/as；作狀語時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞when/where/why。二、定語從句中用that不用which的情況：1當(dāng)先行詞是all，any，anything，everything，nothing等不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)；2當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞或被它們修飾時(shí);3當(dāng)先行詞被the only,the very，the same，the last等修飾時(shí)；4當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。三、常考的兩組易混引導(dǎo)詞1that與whichthat不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，可指代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容。2as與whichas在句中的位置比較靈活,意為“正如，正像”;

12、which只能用在句中,意為“這，這一點(diǎn)”.The mother tried to persuade her son to give up smoking，which didnt help. “You cant judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.四、和介詞有關(guān)的定語從句知識(shí)1在定語從句中，介詞后常跟which(指物）、whom（指人)或whose（表所屬關(guān)系)。2關(guān)系副詞when，where在定語從句中，一般可替換為“介詞which”。而why在定語從句中可替換為for which。3“名詞of which”常代替“whose

13、名詞”,“of which”在定語從句中作定語。五、巧辨定語從句與其他從句1定語從句與名詞性從句的區(qū)別：定語從句前必須有先行詞，先行詞通常為名詞或代詞；名詞性從句除同位語從句外，前面均無名詞或代詞;2定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別：二者前通常都有名詞或代詞，但定語從句起修飾、限定作用;同位語從句起解釋、說明作用；引導(dǎo)定語從句的that在從句中作主語、賓語或表語；而引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that在從句中不作成分。（二)名詞性從句名詞性從句是高考考查的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。語法填空考查形式為無提示詞型填空，重點(diǎn)考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞，尤其是對what,that,who的考查。短文改錯(cuò)主要考查引導(dǎo)詞的誤用和多余.書面表

14、達(dá)中的名詞性從句毫無疑問是得高分的亮點(diǎn)。語法填空中的名詞性從句高考這樣考1（2020高考浙江卷7月)Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on_could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown。2(2019高考北京卷)Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question sugg

15、ests that，for most students，it doesnt.What students do at college seems to matter much more than _they go。3(2019高考江蘇卷改編)Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body。4（2018高考全國卷）Im not sure _is more frightened，me or the female gorilla（大猩猩)that suddenly appea

16、rs out of nowhere。題目這么解1先確定從句類型：分析句子成分，確定是哪種從句；2再確定從句中缺少什么成分：缺少連詞填that,whether,if；缺少連接代詞填what，who，whom，which，whatever，whoever,whichever；缺少連接副詞填when，why，where，whenever，wherever,how。（1)缺少狀語填連接副詞（如T2)；(2)缺少主語、賓語、表語填連接代詞(如T1，T4);（3)不缺成分,考慮that引導(dǎo)同位語從句或表語從句（如T3);(4）不缺成分但表示疑問考慮whether或if;（5)判斷題目是不是用it作形式主語

17、或賓語的名詞性從句.自我診斷:1。what2.where3.that4.who 類題對點(diǎn)練1Perhaps in the Longji Rice terraces,what is the most significant is the way that people have worked in harmony with nature.2In Frozen 2，Elsa and Anna are determined to solve the myth why Elsa was born with magic power.3Taking a boat is the only way to ge

18、t there，which is how_we arrived。4Another important quality I should have is a warm personality，which means that I should be friendly and that I must never be impolite to others.5I was in such a hurry that I paid no attention to whether the milk was hot or not.短文改錯(cuò)中的名詞性從句高考這樣考1（2016高考全國卷)My uncle is

19、the owner of a restaurant close to that I live._2（課標(biāo)全國卷）After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing._題目這么解1是否涉及連接代詞之間的混用；2if與whether是否誤用；3是否涉及that,what與連接副詞的誤用（如T1，T2)。自我診斷：1。thatwhere2。wherethat或去掉where類題對點(diǎn)練1That student will be sent to take part

20、 in the sports meeting hasnt been decided。答案:eq f(That，Which) student will be sent to take part in the sports meeting hasnt been decided.2The reason is why phones nowadays can be used by people to play mobile games and keep in touch with friends through QQ and WeChat.答案：The reason is eq f（why,that）

21、phones nowadays can be used by people to play mobile games and keep in touch with friends through QQ and WeChat.3One story about the beginning of the birthday cake is whether it started with the Greeks,who made round cakes representing the full moon.答案：One story about the beginning of the birthday c

22、ake is eq f(whether，that） it started with the Greeks，who made round cakes representing the full moon。4All of us hold the same view which environmental protection is so important in our life。答案：All of us hold the same view eq f(which，that) environmental protection is so important in our life.名詞性從句的核心

23、知識(shí)提煉一、名詞性從句中缺少狀語時(shí)考慮連接副詞(when，where，how,why，whenever,wherever等)，再根據(jù)連接副詞的含義確定答案.二、連接代詞（who，which，what，whatever，whichever等)在名詞性從句中作主語、賓語、表語等成分。三、that引導(dǎo)同位語從句、表語從句不作任何成分，沒有任何意義，只起連接作用。四、在名詞性從句中，連接詞用whether而不用if的情況，具體如下：(1）介詞后接賓語從句時(shí)；（2）discuss后接賓語從句時(shí)；(3）主語從句位于句首時(shí);(4)引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句時(shí);（5）在whether or not與whethe

24、r to do結(jié)構(gòu)中。whether和if意為“是否”時(shí)在賓語從句中可互換，但在其他名詞性從句中或與or not直接連用時(shí)只能用whether。五、當(dāng)句子作主語或賓語時(shí)往往顯得“頭重腳輕，故常用it作形式主語或形式賓語，而把真正的主語或賓語放在后面。授課提示：對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第66頁。單句語法填空1My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid。1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter.2But Sarah，who has taken part in s

25、hows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.3What we used to see as something impossible is now becoming a reality。4The Merry Men include a king called Richard 。In the story，the king hides his identity and joins the Merry Men because he wants to see whether/if Rob

26、in Hood is corrupt。5It gives us great delight that Chinese science fictions are becoming increasingly popular。6You dont know what_a letter like that means to us.We usually get nothing but complaints。7It is not a problem whether we can win the battle；its just a matter of time。8The student completed t

27、his experiment to make _what_Professor Joseph had said come true.9The majority of the ads were also promoting extra。curricular education institutions，which_have been condemned for putting extra academic pressure on students.10After living in Australia for many years,Louise finally returned to the co

28、untry where_she was born.。單句改錯(cuò)1The reason why he was absent was because he missed the train by one minute this morning。答案：The reason why he was absent was eq f（because,that) he missed the train by one minute this morning.2That occurred to her that she might as well talk it over with her friend。答案：eq

29、 f(That,It） occurred to her that she might as well talk it over with her friend.3Its a black square suitcase，what is just as big as a schoolbag。答案：Its a black square suitcase，eq f（what,which） is just as big as a schoolbag.4No one knows what soon the result will be announced.答案：No one knows eq f（what

30、,how) soon the result will be announced.5She told them her husband had taken the money and never told her how he did with it.答案：She told them her husband had taken the money and never told her eq f（how,what) he did with it。.語法填空（2020太原模擬二）A shark that walks in water instead of swimming might sound l

31、ike a creature straight out of a science fiction film。However，that is exactly 1._four new species of sharks move across the seafloor。They 2._（discover）by a team of scientists during a 12.year study，led by Dr.Christine Dudgeon from Australias University of Queensland.The species 3。_（find)in the tropi

32、cal（熱帶的)waters near Australia belong to the Hemiscyllium，the same family as the previously known five species。The sharks have evolved 4._(survive）in low。oxygen environments，enabling them to hunt during low tides.The researchers hold the belief that 5._ability to use fins（鰭)to walk across the water a

33、ffords the sharks a great advantage 6。_the smaller animals they hunt.A DNA analysis of skin samples from the live sharks offers 7._(evident)that walking sharks broke away from their gliding(滑動(dòng))brothers and sisters 8。_（million）of years ago and gradually became a 9._(complete)different species。Dudgeon

34、 and her team believe walking sharks are the 10._（young）kind of sharks on Earth！語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。講述了研究人員在澳大利亞附近水域發(fā)現(xiàn)了四個(gè)新的鯊魚物種，這些鯊魚不是在水中游泳，而是在海底用鰭行走。1解析:考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。然而，那正是這四個(gè)新鯊魚物種在海底移動(dòng)的方式。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，表示“如何”，故填how。答案：how2解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處表示過去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)。they和discover存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。答案：were discovered3

35、解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞belong to,此處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。species和find存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，故此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。答案：found4解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞have evolved,故空處是非謂語動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示進(jìn)化的目的，故用不定式作目的狀語。答案：to survive5解析：考查冠詞/代詞。ability后有定語對其進(jìn)行解釋說明，表示這四個(gè)新鯊魚物種行走的能力,故應(yīng)是特指，要用定冠詞the。此處也可用their表示所屬關(guān)系。答案：the/their6解析：考查介詞。advantage意為“優(yōu)勢，表示“

36、比有利”時(shí),advantage后常用介詞over。答案:over7解析:考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？仗幾鲃?dòng)詞的賓語，故填名詞evidence“證據(jù)”，它在這里是不可數(shù)名詞。答案：evidence8解析：考查數(shù)詞.此處表示“數(shù)百萬”，應(yīng)該用millions of。答案:millions9解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處用副詞修飾后面的形容詞，故填completely“完全地.答案：completely10解析:考查形容詞最高級(jí)。根據(jù)后面表示范圍限制的介詞短語of sharks on Earth可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)。答案：youngest。短文改錯(cuò)（2020江西五校協(xié)作體二次聯(lián)考)When I was six years old，my gra