長難句分析專題知識講座

1、長難句分析專題知識講座長難句分析專題知識講座第1頁 1、The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm. 2、The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiati

2、ons, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly.長難句分析專題知識講座第2頁長難句組成：句子=主語+謂語+賓語長難句=主語+（限定短語）+（限定從句）+謂語+賓語+ （限定短語）+（限定從句） +狀語（時間，地點(diǎn)，目標(biāo)等）很多難句由來是在簡單句名詞后面增加了補(bǔ)充說明限定成份，使句子在提供更多信息同時變得相對復(fù)雜！ 修飾名詞，不修飾動詞！ 長難句分析專題知識講座第3頁名詞加限定從句： 書丟了。這句話缺乏一些信息，即到底是哪本書破了呢，沒有限定說明： “書”是指哪一本書，是黃顏

3、色那本書，是剛買來那本書，還是祖?zhèn)髂潜緯兀垦a(bǔ)充信息： “（我昨天從圖書館借）書丟了?！?漢語中喜歡把定于放在名詞前，不過英語中普通會把相對長定語放在名詞后面，作為補(bǔ)充限定。英語結(jié)構(gòu)： “書（我昨天從圖書館借）丟了”。名詞需要一個限定，以防止歧義 常見限定從句：定語從句，同位語從句，主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句長難句分析專題知識講座第4頁名詞加限定短語：限定短語能夠看做是限定從句簡化，如同在名詞后面加了一個括號 我會寫漢字。我會寫漢字（簡體）。書丟了。書（綠色）丟了。長難句分析專題知識講座第5頁常見限定短語:非謂語動詞: to do, done, doingA、To do 表示目標(biāo)，“為了”B

4、、Doing 是現(xiàn)在分詞，表示主動、正在C、Done 是過去分詞。表示被動、完成_To give_(give） him more help, we have to do everything we can._Giving _(give) him more time, he could do it better._Gived_(give) him our help, we felt very happy.正在教室講課老師昨天晚上寫完作業(yè)要在下個月執(zhí)行計劃 The teacher speaking in the class/后置定語 The homework finished last night

5、 The plan to be carried out next month /表示未來長難句分析專題知識講座第6頁1、The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.主干： The employee is an obvious asset to the firm. 主語：the employee 員工短語限定：（at the home office）

6、 (在我國辦公)從句限定： who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine 能夠經(jīng)過電話或傳真與國外客戶很好交流 翻譯：這位在我國辦公但能經(jīng)過電話或傳真與國外客戶很好交 流員工，對于企業(yè)而言，無疑是一筆財富。 長難句分析專題知識講座第7頁2、The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotia

7、tions, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly.主干： The employee has an opportunity，and can have the cultural insight一個主語做了兩件事情：員工有一個機(jī)會，而且擁有文化洞察力。怎樣員工？擁有怎樣機(jī)會？怎樣洞察力？長難句分析專題知識講座第8頁（1）對主語“employee”加限定： The employee （posted abroad） who speaks the countrys principal

8、 language has an opportunity.（被派往海外）并（能說該國主要語言）員工擁有一個機(jī)會。（2）對賓語“opportunity”作限定： opportunity （to fast-forward certain negotiations）（加緊一些談判進(jìn)程）機(jī)會。（to fast-forward certain negotiations）這個短語個別起到補(bǔ)充說明作用，類似括號功效，說明機(jī)會內(nèi)涵。（3）對賓語“the cultural insight”作限定： the cultural insight （to know when it it better to move m

9、ore slowly）（知道什么時候慢些會更加好）文化洞察力。（to know when it it better to move more slowly）這個短語個別起到了補(bǔ)充說明作用，也類似一個括號功效，說明文化洞察力內(nèi)容。長難句分析專題知識講座第9頁怎樣分析長難句：突破點(diǎn)：謂語！任何句子都必須有謂語動詞，所以找到一個謂語動詞就能夠拆下來一個句子。了解難句基礎(chǔ)步驟是：1）識別出有哪幾個謂語動詞；2）找出主句謂語動詞，先了解主句；3）再去了解從句和短語。 長難句分析專題知識講座第10頁While enriching their imagination, books widen their o

10、utlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure properly.Work, for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under, involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well. 長難句分析專題知識講座第11頁While enriching their imagination, books widen

11、their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure properly.結(jié)構(gòu)：本句中有個 三謂語動詞widen, develop 和 train，主語都是books. enrich前面省略了主語，用了非謂語動詞.拆分：Books enrich their imagination. Books widen their outlook.Books develop a fact-finding attitude Books train them to use leisure properly.翻譯：在

12、豐富大家想象力同時，書還會拓展大家視野，培養(yǎng)大家求真務(wù)實(shí)精神，幫助大家合理安排閑暇時間。長難句分析專題知識講座第12頁Work, for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under, involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well. 結(jié)構(gòu)： 本句中只有一個謂語動詞：involves。for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under是插入語

13、。for后面內(nèi)容修飾responsibility，而a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。拆分： work involves responsibility.for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and underResponsibility （for a house hold, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well. ）翻譯： 對于大多數(shù)美國和中國55歲或者以下婦

14、女而言，工作全部職責(zé)包含了負(fù)責(zé)家務(wù)、照料孩子以及在家務(wù)之外還要上班。 長難句分析專題知識講座第13頁To a large degree，the measure of our peace of mind is determined by how much we are able to live in the present momentWithout question，many of us have mastered the neurotic art of spending much of our lives worrying about a variety of things all at o

15、nceWe allow past problems and future concerns to dominate our present moments，so much so that we end up anxious，frustrated，depressed，and hopelessUnfortunately，the same mental dynamics that tell us to look toward the future will only repeat themselves so that someday never actually arrives長難句分析專題知識講座

16、第14頁To a large degree，the measure of our peace of mind is determined by how much we are able to live in the present moment結(jié)構(gòu)： 本句中有兩個謂語動詞，is determined 和 are able to. by 后面接一個賓語從句。拆分： to a large degree, the measure of our peace of mind is determined byHow much we are able to live in the present momen

17、t.翻譯： 在很大程度上, 咱們內(nèi)心是否平和是由咱們是否能生活在現(xiàn)實(shí)之中所決定。 長難句分析專題知識講座第15頁Without question, many of us have mastered the neurotic art of spending much of our lives worrying about a variety of things all at once結(jié)構(gòu)：這一句中含有一個謂語動詞 have mastered，spending 是介詞后跟動名詞使用方法，worrying 是spend in doing使用方法。 拆分： (Without question, ) m

18、any of us have mastered the neurotic art (of spending much of our lives worrying about a variety of things ) (all at once)翻譯:毫無疑問，咱們很多人掌握了一個神經(jīng)兮兮藝術(shù)，即把生活中大個別時間花在為種種事情擔(dān)心憂慮上-而且經(jīng)常是同時憂慮許多事情。長難句分析專題知識講座第16頁We allow past problems and future concerns to dominate our present moments，so much so that we end up

19、anxious，frustrated，depressed，and hopeless結(jié)構(gòu)：第二句中含有兩個謂語動詞 allow 和 end up. To dominate 是不定式使用方法。 So much so that 如此以至于拆分：We allow past problems and future concerns (to dominate our present moments)(so much so that) we end up anxious，frustrated，depressed，and hopeless翻譯：咱們聽?wèi){過去麻煩和未來擔(dān)心控制咱們此時此刻生活，以致咱們整日焦慮不

20、安，萎靡不振，甚至沮喪絕望。長難句分析專題知識講座第17頁Unfortunately，the same mental dynamics that tell us to look toward the future will only repeat themselves so that someday never actually arrives結(jié)構(gòu)：本句中有三個謂語動詞tell, repeat 和 arrive. 主句謂語為 repeat 和 arrive, tell 為定語從句謂語。拆分：Unfortunately，the same mental dynamics will only rep

21、eat themselves (that mental dynamics tell us to look toward the future)so that someday never actually arrives翻譯：不幸是，如此告誡咱們朝前看大腦動力只能重復(fù)來重復(fù)去，以致“有朝一日”永遠(yuǎn)不會真正降臨。長難句分析專題知識講座第18頁This is especially true among children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and sponsor sports

22、 programs and make sure that there is easy access to participation opportunities.Children in low-income families and poor communities are less likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often lack the resources needed to pay for participation fees, equipment, and transportation t

23、o practices and games and their communities do not have resources to build and maintain sports fields and facilities .長難句分析專題知識講座第19頁This is especially true among children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and sponsor sports programs and make sure that there is

24、 easy access to participation opportunities.結(jié)構(gòu)：本句中有三個謂語動詞，主句謂語為is true, have 和 make sure 同屬于由 that 引導(dǎo)并列定語從句。拆分：This is especially true among children （from families and communities. ）that have the resources (needed )(to organize and sponsor sports programs.)and make sure that there is easy access to

25、 participation opportunities.翻譯: 有些孩子來自擁有組織和贊助運(yùn)動項目所需資源和能確保孩子輕松擁有參加機(jī)會家庭和小區(qū)。對他們來說，更（將參加小區(qū)運(yùn)動）當(dāng)做理所當(dāng)然。長難句分析專題知識講座第20頁Children in low-income families and poor communities are less likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often lack the resources needed to pay for participation fees,

26、equipment, and transportation to practices and games and their communities do not have resources to build and maintain sports fields and facilities .結(jié)構(gòu)：本句中有三個謂語動詞，are less likely to do為主句謂語 , lack和 do not have 為并列原因狀語從句謂語,主語分為 they 和 their communities. 拆分：1. Children （in low-income families and poor

27、 communities ）are less likely to take organized youth sports for granted takefor granted把認(rèn)為是理所應(yīng)該2. because they often lack the resources (needed) (to pay for participation fees, equipment, and transportation to practices and games)3. and （because）their communities do not have resources (to build and

28、 maintain sports fields and facilities ).翻譯：來自低收入家庭和貧窮小區(qū)孩子就極少將小區(qū)運(yùn)動視作理所應(yīng)該，因為他們經(jīng)常缺乏必須金錢來支付門票、設(shè)備和往返車費(fèi)，而且他們小區(qū)也沒有能力來建設(shè)和維持運(yùn)動場和運(yùn)動設(shè)備。長難句分析專題知識講座第21頁A code of conduct is hard to create when youre living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice peopl

29、e are perceived to finish last.Readers turn naturally to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to escape from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and spirit. while es

30、tablishing their own relationships and responses to life, the readers often find that the characters in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own. 長難句分析專題知識講座第22頁A code of conduct is hard to create when youre living in a world in wh

31、ich everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last. 結(jié)構(gòu)：本句中有四個謂語動詞, 主句謂語為is hard, are living 是時間狀語從句謂語， is exhausted和are perceived 屬于由in which 引導(dǎo)并列定語從句。拆分：A code of conduct is hard to create when youre living in a world in which ev

32、eryone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleepin which nice people are perceived to finish last翻譯： 在一個人人都疲于加班、缺乏睡眠社會里，在一個好人被認(rèn)為最終才會成功社會里，咱們是極難建立什么守則。長難句分析專題知識講座第23頁Readers turn naturally to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experience

33、s of others and their need to escape from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and spirit. 結(jié)構(gòu)：本句中有兩個謂語動詞，主句謂語為 turn to， 原因狀語從句謂語為lead to，其主語為their curiosity, their eagerness and their need. 拆分：Readers turn naturally to booksbecause 1）their curiosity （concerning

34、all manners of things）2）their eagerness（ to share in the experiences of others ）3）and their need （to escape from their own limited environment ） lead them to find in books food for the mind and spirit. 長難句分析專題知識講座第24頁Readers turn naturally to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of t

35、hings, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to escape from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and spirit. 翻譯： 讀者會自然而然地去讀書，因為他們對一切東西都好奇，他們渴望分享他人經(jīng)歷，他們需要從自己受到限制環(huán)境中解脫出來這一些，都引導(dǎo)他們在書中為自己精神和心靈尋找食糧。長難句分析專題知識講座第25頁while establishing their

36、 own relationships and responses to life, the readers often find that the characters in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.結(jié)構(gòu)：本文中有四個謂語動詞，主句謂語為find， establishing 其實(shí)也是主句謂語動詞，用了非謂語動詞形式；are going through 是賓語從句謂語，help to 是非限定定語從句謂

37、語。拆分: While The readers establish their own relationships and responses to lifethe readers often find thatthe characters in their stories are going through similar adjustments which help to clarify and give significance to their own.長難句分析專題知識講座第26頁while establishing their own relationships and respo

38、nses to life, the readers often find that the characters in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.翻譯： 在建立他們自己人際關(guān)系和對生活做出反應(yīng)時，讀者經(jīng)常會發(fā)覺他們讀到小說里那些人物也有相同經(jīng)歷，這能夠幫助他們認(rèn)清自己行為，并使之含有意義。長難句分析專題知識講座第27頁Both the family and the society in which ex

39、ceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of societys understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public

40、education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.長難句分析專題知識講座第28頁Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children disabled or not to an app

41、ropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs. 長難句分析專題知識講座第29頁Both th

42、e family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of societys understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. 結(jié)構(gòu)：第一句中兩個謂語動詞：主句謂語are ,

43、 定語從句謂語live。第二句中三個謂語動詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)句謂語is, 主句謂語 find，定語從句 are passed on 注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型：it is that 拆分：Both the family and the society （in which exceptional children live） are often the key（ to their growth and development.)it is in the public schools that we find the full expression （of societys understanding the know

44、ledge, hopes, and fears ）（ that are passed on to the next generation.）翻譯：特殊兒童所處家庭及社會環(huán)境經(jīng)常是他們成長和發(fā)展關(guān)鍵。 正是在公立學(xué)校里咱們感受到了社會知性充分表達(dá)傳授給下一代知識、希望和恐懼。 長難句分析專題知識講座第30頁The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that a

45、ll citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. 結(jié)構(gòu)：兩個謂語動詞：主句謂語indicates, 同位語從句謂語deserve。Shown 不是謂語動詞，是過去分詞做定語，修飾 interest . Whatever their special condition 是插入結(jié)構(gòu)，可先忽略不看。拆分：The great interest （in exceptional children ）（shown in public educ

46、ation over the past three decades ）indicates the strong feeling （in our society）all citizens, （whatever their special conditions,） deserve the opportunity（ to fully develop their capabilities.） 翻譯：過去30年間公共教育所表現(xiàn)出對特殊兒童巨大關(guān)注表明了存在于咱們社會中那種強(qiáng)烈感受，即全部公民，不論情況特殊是否，都應(yīng)該得到全方面發(fā)展其能力機(jī)會。 長難句分析專題知識講座第31頁Recent court de

47、cisions have confirmed the right of all children disabled or not to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. 結(jié)構(gòu)：三個謂語動詞: 主句謂語 have confirmed 和 have ordered, court decisions 帶兩個并列賓語從句。賓語從句謂語 take. disabled or not 是插入結(jié)構(gòu)，先忽略不看。拆分：Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all