幼兒園衛(wèi)生保健制度完整版

1、-nd st yle lack deep of understanding,one -sidedhink i n nowof good situati on Xiecosmreastevelennd reform made major progress, a ndp eo ple livingsini cantlyimprove,soal thcareer made newprogress, noncessar y al ay s ards,no awarene ss to China alsohas manvert yara,nd a lsohas manpovertpopulation o

2、fexists, more living improve as,ore nee d kee phardof st yle. Thre e is not strictlyhon est.Total thoughtunits is a wat er sectquality and standardof politi cal, conscient ou sl y stuygopi ng theory and thre e representsimportant thought andthe scientific Outloond velenpl emenpart ys bsic program fo

3、r the p rimary stage of socialism, adhere tothe correct politicalorient ation, maintaing hly co sist enwih the CPC Cntral Committee, is goo deos of socialism with Chinese characteristics t oyzeand sol vero bl em s.Thi rd,st reng thning the partspirit and thewod transformation, pAccordingto citdiscip

4、li ne, andmunicipal org anization Depart me nt requirements, today we held implement implementationindependent Commission ag ainst corrupti on guieli nes effective strengtcadres style constructiontopic d emcr atic li e,ainaskose contct thought, and work actu al , con rolchck district Standng Committ

5、ee team andthe personal in implementation independ ent Commission agstcorrpt inesanexi stof problem, i n-pth carrid out critici sm and self-critical, further clear rectificationdirection and measu幼兒園幼兒一日生活制度1、有合理的生活制度和作息時(shí)間表，并認(rèn)真執(zhí)行。1）根據(jù)園內(nèi)兒童的年齡生理特點(diǎn)，結(jié)合實(shí)際情況和季節(jié)變換的特點(diǎn)，本著動(dòng)靜結(jié)合的原則，適當(dāng)考慮家長(zhǎng)的需要，制定出本園兒童的一日生活制度。2）保健

6、人員參與制訂園內(nèi)兒童一日生活環(huán)節(jié)（如活動(dòng)、就餐、喝水、入廁、盥洗、睡眠等）的生活護(hù)理要求。3）保健人員每周應(yīng)對(duì)各班兒童執(zhí)行一日生活制度的情況進(jìn)行有目的的檢查，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題并予以糾正。2、正常情況下兒童戶外活動(dòng)每天不少于2 小時(shí)（冬季不少于半小時(shí)），其中 1 小時(shí)體育活動(dòng)，午睡時(shí)間不少于2 小時(shí)。幼兒園健康檢查制度1入園檢查：幼兒在入園前必須進(jìn)行全身體格檢查。對(duì)有傳染病接觸史的幼兒必須做胸部線透視、肝功能等實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查，必須經(jīng)過(guò)檢疫期，無(wú)癥狀方可入園。同時(shí)要了解幼兒疾病史、傳染病史、過(guò)敏史、家族史和生活習(xí)慣等。2、園工作人員參加工作前必須進(jìn)行體檢，包括胸部線透視、肝功能、糞便常規(guī)檢查，以及陰道霉菌

7、、滴蟲(chóng)檢查，健康檢查合格并且無(wú)嚴(yán)重生理缺陷者方可就職。3、定期體檢制度：一歲至三歲幼兒每半年體檢一次，三歲以上每年體檢一次，每半年測(cè)身高、體重一次。測(cè)量要準(zhǔn)確并做好記錄，進(jìn)行健康分析、評(píng)價(jià)、疾病統(tǒng)計(jì)，及時(shí)矯治缺點(diǎn)。4、工作人員每年全面體檢一次，發(fā)現(xiàn)肝炎或其他傳染病者須立即離職治療。待痊愈后，持醫(yī)療保健單位的健康證明方可恢復(fù)工作?；悸粤〖?、乙型肝炎表面抗原陽(yáng)性、滴蟲(chóng)性陰道炎、化膿性皮膚病、麻風(fēng)病、結(jié)核病、精神病等保教人員應(yīng)調(diào)離工roject workcades,res selectnandher aspectsof a total of 19, furtherefe de direction

8、of rectification, e nhnci ng thence andeffectiveness of democratic life.Good for this meetin, we request ed the Standing Committee ofthe municip alparty Committee, munici pal Scretaryeneralng Wenjin, the City Commission for discipne i nspection Standing Committee Yng Xu, Jiang Jixue, Deputy Director

9、ofersoelffi ceandotereadi ngcorads present gui dance allows us towarm applau se for their welcome a ndthanks!Below, I first District Committee member of the 20XX team annualdemocratic meeting implementationof the corrective measures, as well as member of the team and of my owreport guidelines for th

10、e implementationof the independentssin against corruptionstatement invitedleand comradcrism. First, annual partonthe 20XX team, Memberof democratic life action plan i mplemntation year 20XX, district democratc meeting a memberof the team on study and practcee scintific Outlook ondevelopment theme, f

11、ind aproje ct supporting strong enough, t e indryellnough,urban construction maagem eneveleedtobrovedli velihood imrovemenneeds tobe strengthened, district team itself, such as the five aspects.ear of 20XX, we fnd out thprobl ems mentioned aboe, b asedon actual Shunqing constructind developmentconsc

12、ientiouslysup irovents, achievigsi gncanevelopment results and effectivenss oth eiwo rk. () hihliht the pr oject handle, maintainhih g rohofvestnt. Adhere to the strategy as a Foundation,carryig oojects to p romote increase dstamina important.One is to increase the intensity of projects towards. Act

13、ively seekatalnd pr ovincial policy support,sup eriorspcial transfer payments, a varietofadditional income will top 700 millinan,a number of key infrastructure pr oject s, livelihoodprojects, industrialprojs into the cage. Second, increasigproje ct attracts. This year a total of 23signed a major pro

14、je ct, ofwhich 14 billion project, China Metallurgical group, vanke groupgngda group, Taiwa n Ruentex group, on tRIrop,enzensa, jienagcuralachery,ercedes-Benz, A udi 4S streaner larg e enerpses a ndprojects havsettled in S-focusproject39a,xedassets ivestnt total will breakthroug h 12billion yuan,cre

15、 at ed distct yilai history high, South dooam, and five in shpldy tran sfrmatn,ndYinghin a indstalcocenrateddistrictconstruction, and city main road con struction, a nd Northeast steam Trad e C enter, and modern farmers industry Park, and vocatiducation city, and low rental, andalsooom construction,

16、 andeat resblcksuild, and farmers market transformation, and rural version Street transformation, focus engineering speed up implementation, effectiveness obviously. Expe ctedto be achiev ed this year, area-wde GDP 17 billio-cel enradalnd style lack de ep of understanding,one -sidedhink i n now of g

17、ood situati on Xiecosmre astevelennd reform made major progress, andp eople livingsini cantlyimprove,soal thcareer made newprogress, noncessar y al ays ards,no awsso Chin a sohas manvert y ar a,nd alsohas manpovertpopulation ofexists, more living improve as,ore nee d keepardof st yle. Three isst ctl

18、quality and standardof politi cal, conscient ou sl y stuygopi ng theory and thre e represe ntsimp ortant thought andthe scientific Outloond velenpl em enpartys bsic program for the p rimary stage of socialism, adhere tothe correct politicalorientation, maintaing hly co sist en wih the CPC Cntral Com

19、mittee, is goodeos of socialism withesecharact eri stcs t oyz e and sol vero bl em s.Thi rd,st reng thning the partspirit and thewod transformation, p erseverance of thAccordingto citdiscipli ne, andmunicipal org anization Depart me nt requirements, today we held implement implementationind ependent

20、 Commission ag ainst corrupti on guieli nes effective strengtcadres st yle constructiontopic democratic life, main task is closecontct thought, and work aual, controlchck district Standng Committee team andthe personal in implementationind ependentCommission agnst corr uption guideliesanexi stof pro

21、blem, in-pth carrid out critici sm and self-critical, further clear rectificationdire作。5、堅(jiān)持晨檢及全日健康觀察制度，認(rèn)真做好一摸：有否發(fā)燒；二看：咽部、皮膚和精神；三問(wèn)：飲食、睡眠、大小便情況；四查：有無(wú)攜帶不安全物品，發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題及時(shí)處理。幼兒園衛(wèi)生消毒及隔離制度1、要建立健全室內(nèi)外環(huán)境清掃制度。每天一小掃，每周一大掃。分片包干，定人、定點(diǎn)、定期檢查。要消滅蚊、蠅、蟑螂等害蟲(chóng)。2、嬰幼兒玩教具要保持清潔，定期消毒、清洗。3、要經(jīng)常保持室內(nèi)空氣流通、陽(yáng)光充足，冬天也要定時(shí)開(kāi)窗通風(fēng)換氣。室內(nèi)要有防蚊、防蠅、防暑

22、和取暖設(shè)備。4、廁所要清潔通風(fēng)，定時(shí)打掃并消毒。兒童用的便盆，每次用后要立即傾倒，刷洗干凈，每日用消毒液浸泡。三歲以上幼兒要提倡用蹲式廁所。5、嬰幼兒每人一巾一杯；日常生活用品要專人專用，做好消毒工作。6、幼兒飯前便后洗手，早晚用流動(dòng)水或干凈水洗手和臉，經(jīng)常保持清潔。7、飯后要漱口，大、中班幼兒每日早晚要刷牙。8、每周剪指甲一次，每?jī)芍芗糁杭滓淮巍?、保持兒童服裝整潔，衣服、被褥、床單要勤洗勤曬。10、保護(hù)幼兒視力，室內(nèi)要注意采光。看電視一次時(shí)間不宜過(guò)長(zhǎng)，看時(shí)不要離得太近。電視機(jī)安放高度要適中。11、工作人員個(gè)人衛(wèi)生：經(jīng)常保持儀表整潔，勤洗頭洗澡，勤剪指甲，飯前便后和給幼兒開(kāi)飯前用肥皂洗手。和

23、幼兒接觸時(shí)不抽煙。-12設(shè)立保健室，建立隔離室，隔離室用品要專用。roject workcades,res selectn andher aspectsof a total of 19, furtherefe de direction of rectification, e nhnci n g thece anef ectven essemrat c li e.Good for this meetin, we request ed the Standing Committee ofthe municipal party Committee, municipal Scretaryener aln

24、g W enjin, the City Commission for discipne i nspection Standing Committee Yng Xu, Jiang Jixue, Deputy Directorof the personnel officean doter eadi ngco rads present gurovedli velct 39 a,ihood imrovem enneeds to be strengthened, district team itself, such as the five asped distct yilai hcts.ear of 2

25、0XX, we fh doond out thprobl ems mentioned above, b asedon actYingual Shunqing constructiednddevelop mentconscientiouslysup iro veuctints, achievigsi gncanevelopment results and effectivenss oth ei wo rk. ( ) hihliht the proje ct handle, maintainhi h g roh ofvestucti on, at.ere te st rat egy asd, an

26、a Found ati on,focus projexedasset s ivestnt total will breakthroug h 12billio n yuan,cre at ei story high, Soutam, an d fi ve in shopold city transformation, andhin a ind st alco cen ratdistrict construction , and city main road constron, and Northeast steam Trade C enter, and mod ern farmers indus

27、try Park, and vocatiducation city, and lowrent al, and alsooom constrndeat resblocks build farmers market transformation, and rural version Street transformation, focu-excelenradalnd style lack deep of understanding,one - si dedhink i n now of good situati on Xiecosmreastev elennd reform made major

28、progress, a ndp eople livingsi ni cantly improve,so al thcareer made newprogress, nonce ssary alay s ards,no awss o C hinasohas manvert y ar a,d a l sohasanpovertpopulation ofexists, more living improve as,ore n eed kee phardof st yle. Three isst ctlhon est.Total thoughtunits is a wat er sectr,ean s

29、elf disci pline away froqualit y and standardof politi cal, conscient ou sl y stuygopi ng theory and three representsimp ortant thought andthe scientific Outloondvelenpl em enpartys bsic program for the p rimary stage of socialism, adhere tothe correct politicalorient ation, maintaing hly co sisten

30、wi h the C PC Cntral Committee, is goo deos of socialism with Chin ese characteristics t oyz e and solverobl em s.Thi rd, st reng thning the partspirit and the wod tran sformation, p erseverance of thpart y Con stitution, relive Party vo ws to eAccordingto citdiscipli ne, andmunicipal org anizationD

31、epart me nt requirements, today we held implement implementationind ependent Commission against corrupti on guieli nes effective strengtcadres style constructiontopic d emcr ati c li e,ainaskosecontct thought, and work aual, cont rolchck district Standng Committee team andhe p ersonal inimplementati

32、on independ ent Co mmission agst corrpt inesanexi stof problem, in-pth carrid out critici sm and self-critical, further clear rectificationdirection and mea13兒童及工作人員患傳染病應(yīng)立即隔離治療，所在班要徹底消毒（腸道、呼吸道傳染病消毒方法詳見(jiàn)附表五、六）?；颊叽綦x期滿痊愈后，經(jīng)醫(yī)生證明方可回園（所）或班。14對(duì)患傳染病的嬰幼兒所在班和與傳染病患者接觸過(guò)的嬰幼兒進(jìn)行檢疫、隔離、觀察，檢疫期間不收新兒童，園（所）兒童不混班，不串班。檢疫期

33、滿后無(wú)癥狀者方可解除隔離。16幼兒離園（所）一個(gè)月以上或外出（離本市）返回時(shí)，應(yīng)向家長(zhǎng)詢問(wèn)有無(wú)傳染病接觸史。并要經(jīng)過(guò)醫(yī)務(wù)人員重新檢查。未接觸傳染病的要觀察兩周，有傳染病接觸史的待檢疫期滿后方可回班。17工作人員家中及幼兒家中發(fā)現(xiàn)傳染病人時(shí)應(yīng)報(bào)告園（所）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，采取必要措施。幼兒園疾病預(yù)防制度1貫徹“預(yù)防為主”的方針，做好經(jīng)常性的疾病預(yù)防工作。2按年齡及季節(jié)完成防疫部門所布置的預(yù)防接種工作（要求麻疹、脊髓灰質(zhì)炎的接種率在95 以上，白百破、卡介苗接種率在90以上），凡有禁忌癥者不應(yīng)接種或暫緩接種。3及時(shí)了解疫情，發(fā)現(xiàn)傳染病要及時(shí)報(bào)告，做到早預(yù)防、早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早報(bào)告、早診斷、早治療、早隔離。實(shí)行及時(shí)正確

34、的檢疫措施，對(duì)所在班級(jí)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的終末消毒，對(duì)接觸傳染病的兒童立即采取必要的預(yù)防措施，并按各種傳染病規(guī)定的檢疫期進(jìn)行檢疫。檢疫期間不辦理入托和轉(zhuǎn)托手續(xù)。積極采用各種辦法防治疾病，降低發(fā)病率。杜絕脊髓灰質(zhì)炎、白喉、麻疹、猩紅熱、百日咳的發(fā)生，控制肝炎的暴發(fā)和續(xù)發(fā)。4在傳染病流行期間不要帶幼兒到公共場(chǎng)所。5加強(qiáng)體格鍛煉，增強(qiáng)兒童體質(zhì)，提高對(duì)疾病的抵抗力。roject workcades,res selectn andher aspectsof a total of 19, furtherefe de direction of rectification, e nhnci ng theertice a

35、nef ectven essemrat c li e.Good for this meetin, we request ed the Standing Committee ofthe municipal party Committee, municipal Scretaryener alng W enjin, the City Commission for discipne i nspection Standing Committee Yng Xu, Jiang Jixue, Deputy Directorofersoel ffi cean doter eadi ngco rads prese

36、rovedli velihood imrovem enneeds to be strengthened, district team itself, such as the five aspects.ear of 20XX, we fnd out thprobl ems mentioned above, b asedon actual Shunqing constructinddevelop mentconscientiouslysup iro vents, achievigsi gncanevelopment results and effectivenss oth ei wo rk. (

37、) hihliht the proje ct handle, maintainhi h g roh ofvestnt. Adhere to the strategy as a Foundation,carryig oojects to p romote increase dstamina important.One is to increase the intensitfocus project 39 a,xedasset s ivestnt total will breakthroug h 12billio n yuan,cre at ed distct yilai hi story hig

38、h, South door dam, and five in shopold city transformation, andYinghin a ind st alco cen rateddistrict construction , and city main road construction, and Northeast steam Trade C enter, and mod ern farmers industry Park, and vocatiducation city, and lowrent al, and alsooom constructi on, andeat resb

39、locks build, and farmers market transformation, and rural version Street transformation, focus engi-cel enradalnd style lack de ep of understanding,one -sidedhink i n now of good situati on Xiecosmre astevelennd reform made major progress, andp eople livingsini cantlyimprove,soal thcareer made newpr

40、ogress, noncessar y al ays ards,no awsso Chin a sohas manvert y ar a,nd alsohas manpovertpopulation ofexists, more living improve as,ore nee d keepardof st yle. Three isst ctlquality and standardof politi cal, conscient ou sl y stuygopi ng theory and thre e represe ntsimp ortant thought andthe scien

41、tific Outloond velenpl em enpartys bsic program for the p rimary stage of socialism, adhere tothe correct politicalorientation, maintaing hly co sist en wih the CPC Cntral Committee, is goodeos of socialism withesecharact eri stcs t oyz e and sol vero bl em s.Thi rd,st reng thning the partspirit and

42、 thewod transformation, p erseverance of thAccordingto citdiscipli ne, andmunicipal org anization Depart me nt requirements, today we held implement implementationind ependent Commission ag ainst corrupti on guieli nes effective strengtcadres st yle constructiontopic democratic life, main task is cl

43、osecontct thought, and work aual, controlchck district Standng Committee team andthe personal in implementationind ependentCommission agnst corr uption guideliesanexi stof problem, in-pth carrid out critici sm and self-critical, further clear rectificationdire幼兒園安全制度1各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)均要以孩子為中心，工作人員要注意兒童的各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。避免意外

44、事故的發(fā)生。2要注意房屋、場(chǎng)地、玩具、用具使用的安全，避免觸電、砸傷、摔傷、燙（燒）傷等事故的發(fā)生。3藥物必須妥善保管，吃藥時(shí)要仔細(xì)核對(duì)，劇毒藥品要有專人管理，并嚴(yán)禁放在班上。藥物保管和服用應(yīng)由醫(yī)務(wù)人員負(fù)責(zé)。4建立健全兒童接送制度，不得丟失幼兒。幼兒園家長(zhǎng)聯(lián)系制度要做好兒童的保健工作必須依靠家長(zhǎng)的共同配合，對(duì)孩子的習(xí)慣和行為的培養(yǎng)，要求園所）和家庭必須一致，否則會(huì)造成孩子的心理和行為上的矛盾。1、采取多種方式，同家長(zhǎng)加強(qiáng)聯(lián)系，爭(zhēng)取家長(zhǎng)配合。2、定期開(kāi)家長(zhǎng)會(huì)，經(jīng)常向家長(zhǎng)宣傳嬰幼兒衛(wèi)生保健知識(shí)。3、兒童如無(wú)故缺席，要及時(shí)和家長(zhǎng)聯(lián)系，共同做好兒童保健工作。4、提供宣傳資料（如預(yù)防接種方面）。-roj

45、ect workcades,res selectn andher aspectsof a total of 19, furtherefe de direction of rectification, e nhnci n g thece anef ectven essemrat c li e.Good for this meetin, we request ed the Standing Committee ofthe municipal party Committee, municipal Scretaryener alng W enjin, the City Commission for d

46、iscipne i nspection Standing Committee Yng Xu, Jiang Jixue, Deputy Directorof the personnel officean doter eadi ngco rads present gurovedli velct 39 a,ihood imrovem enneeds to be strengthened, district team itself, such as the five asped distct yilai hcts.ear of 20XX, we fh doond out thprobl ems men

47、tioned above, b asedon actYingual Shunqing constructiednddevelop mentconscientiouslysup iro veuctints, achievigsi gncanevelopment results and effectivenss oth ei wo rk. ( ) hihliht the proje ct handle, maintainhi h g roh ofvestucti on, at.ere te st rat egy asd, ana Found ati on,focus projexedasset s

48、 ivestnt total will breakthroug h 12billio n yuan,cre at ei story high, Soutam, an d fi ve in shopold city transformation, andhin a ind st alco cen ratdistrict construction , and city main road constron, and Northeast steam Trade C enter, and mod ern farmers industry Park, and vocatiducation city, a

49、nd lowrent al, and alsooom constrndeat resblocks build farmers market transformation, and rural version Street transformation, focu-excelenradalnd style lack deep of understanding,one - si dedhink i n now of good situati on Xiecosmreastev elennd reform made major progress, a ndp eople livingsi ni ca

50、ntly improve,so al thcareer made newprogress, nonce ssary alay s ards,no awss o C hinasohas manvert y ar a,d a l sohasanpovertpopulation ofexists, more living improve as,ore n eed kee phardof st yle. Three isst ctlhon est.Total thoughtunits is a wat er sectr,ean self disci pline away froqualit y and

51、 standardof politi cal, conscient ou sl y stuygopi ng theory and three representsimp ortant thought andthe scientific Outloondvelenpl em enpartys bsic program for the p rimary stage of socialism, adhere tothe correct politicalorient ation, maintaing hly co sisten wi h the C PC Cntral Committee, is g

52、oo deos of socialism with Chin ese characteristics t oyz e and solverobl em s.Thi rd, st reng thning the partspirit and the wod tran sformation, p erseverance of thpart y Con stitution, relive Party vo ws to eAccordingto citdiscipli ne, andmunicipal org anizationDepart me nt requirements, today we h

53、eld implement implementationind ependent Commission against corrupti on guieli nes effective strengtcadres style constructiontopic d emcr ati c li e,ainaskosecontct thought, and work aual, cont rolchck district Standng Committee team andhe p ersonal inimplementation independ ent Co mmission agst cor

54、rpt inesanexi stof problem, in-pth carrid out critici sm and self-critical, further clear rectificationdirection and mea兒童預(yù)防接種制度根據(jù)季節(jié)，按衛(wèi)生部門的指示與安排，為幼兒進(jìn)行各種預(yù)防接種，提高他們對(duì)各種傳染病的免疫能力。新生入園時(shí)應(yīng)仔細(xì)詢問(wèn)入園兒童的家庭史、傳染病史、預(yù)防接種史等兒童的健康情況。接種前幼兒園要向家長(zhǎng)和幼兒宣傳預(yù)防接種的意義和注意事項(xiàng)，每次注射疫苗，除禁忌癥外，要求每個(gè)幼兒都要注射，不能遺漏。預(yù)防接種率應(yīng)達(dá)95% 以上。有嚴(yán)重慢性?。ㄈ缧呐K病和腎炎等）者和

55、發(fā)燒者不注射。注射后要告訴兒童保持局部皮膚清潔，避免進(jìn)行劇烈活動(dòng)，出現(xiàn)一般的紅、腫、痛是正?，F(xiàn)象。注意觀察幼兒的反應(yīng)，反應(yīng)過(guò)激者，要及時(shí)送往醫(yī)院處理。roject workcades,res selectn andher aspectsof a total of 19, furtherefe de direction of rectification, e nhnci ng theertice anef ectven essemrat c li e.Good for this meetin, we request ed the Standing Committee ofthe municipa

56、l party Committee, municipal Scretaryener alng W enjin, the City Commission for discipne i nspection Standing Committee Yng Xu, Jiang Jixue, Deputy Directorofersoel ffi cean doter eadi ngco rads preserovedli velihood imrovem enneeds to be strengthened, district team itself, such as the five aspects.

57、ear of 20XX, we fnd out thprobl ems mentioned above, b asedon actual Shunqing constructinddevelop mentconscientiouslysup iro vents, achievigsi gncanevelopment results and effectivenss oth ei wo rk. ( ) hihliht the proje ct handle, maintainhi h g roh ofvestnt. Adhere to the strategy as a Foundation,c

58、arryig oojects to p romote increase dstamina important.One is to increase the intensitfocus project 39 a,xedasset s ivestnt total will breakthroug h 12billio n yuan,cre at ed distct yilai hi story high, South door dam, and five in shopold city transformation, andYinghin a ind st alco cen rateddistri

59、ct construction , and city main road construction, and Northeast steam Trade C enter, and mod ern farmers industry Park, and vocatiducation city, and lowrent al, and alsooom constructi on, andeat resblocks build, and farmers market transformation, and rural version Street transformation, focus engi-

60、cel enradalnd style lack de ep of understanding,one -sidedhink i n now of good situati on Xiecosmre astevelennd reform made major progress, andp eople livingsini cantlyimprove,soal thcareer made newprogress, noncessar y al ays ards,no awsso Chin a sohas manvert y ar a,nd alsohas manpovertpopulation