2021屆上海市嘉定區(qū)高三英語二模概要寫作指導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、2021嘉定二模 Whatever happened to the fight of carbon capture?碳捕獲之戰(zhàn)到底發(fā)生了什么？Debates have been going on around the subject of carbon capture. Scientists, especially engineers and geologists, have strongly criticized green groups who claimed that carbon capture and storage (CCS) schemes are costly mistakes

2、.圍繞碳捕獲的主題一直在進(jìn)行辯論。 科學(xué)家，尤其是工程師和地質(zhì)學(xué)家，強(qiáng)烈批評綠色團(tuán)體，他們聲稱碳捕獲和封存 (CCS) 計(jì)劃是代價(jià)高昂的錯(cuò)誤。 The scientists insisted that such schemes are vital weapons in the battle against global heating. They also warn that failure to set up ways to trap and store carbon would make it impossible to meet the emissions target by 2050.

3、 “CCS is going to be the only effective way in the short term to prevent our steel industry, cement manufacture and many other processes from continuing to pour emissions into the atmosphere,” said Professor Stuart Haszeldine, of Edinburgh University. “If we are to have any hope of keeping global te

4、mperature increases down below 2 degrees Celsius, we desperately need to develop ways to capture and store carbon dioxide.”科學(xué)家們堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，此類計(jì)劃是對抗全球變暖的重要武器。 他們還警告說，如果不能建立捕集和儲存碳的方法，就不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)到 2050 年的排放目標(biāo)。愛丁堡大學(xué)的斯圖爾特海斯?jié)蔂柖?（ Stuart Haszeldine ）教授說，其他過程不會繼續(xù)向大氣中排放排放物。 “如果我們希望將全球溫度升高控制在 2 攝氏度以下，我們迫切需要開發(fā)捕獲和儲存二氧化碳的方法。

5、” Green groups claimed CCS would not make “a meaningful contribution to 2050 climate targets”. They say CCS was not a reliable way to decarbonize the energy system and that CCS has a “history of over-promising and under-delivering”. Instead, they urged the construction of more renewable energy plant

6、s to be given priority.綠色團(tuán)體聲稱 CCS 不會“對 2050 年氣候目標(biāo)做出有意義的貢獻(xiàn)”。 他們表示，CCS 并不是一種可靠的能源系統(tǒng)脫碳方式，而且 CCS 有“過度承諾和交付不足的歷史”。 相反，他們敦促優(yōu)先建設(shè)更多可再生能源工廠。 But the claims were dismissed by engineers and geologists. “These claims are quite unfair,” said Michael Stephenson, director at the British Geological Survey. “The tec

7、hnology behind carbon capture and storage is fully mature. It offers us a genuine solution to some of the problems we face in trying to deal with global wanning.”但工程師和地質(zhì)學(xué)家駁回了這些說法。 “這些說法非常不公平，”英國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局局長邁克爾斯蒂芬森（Michael Stephenson）說。 “碳捕獲和儲存背后的技術(shù)已經(jīng)完全成熟。 它為我們在應(yīng)對全球變暖時(shí)面臨的一些問題提供了真正的解決方案。” A government spok

8、esman for the Department of Energy and Climate Change said, “We are committed to meeting our climate change targets in a way that is affordable and provides secure energy to families and businesses. We are considering the role that CCS could play in decarbonization of the UK. But we also need to tak

9、e government spending into account. CCS had better come down in cost.”能源和氣候變化部的一位政府發(fā)言人說：“我們致力于以負(fù)擔(dān)得起的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的氣候變化目標(biāo)，并為家庭和企業(yè)提供安全的能源。 我們正在考慮 CCS 在英國脫碳中可以發(fā)揮的作用。 但我們也需要考慮政府支出。 CCS 最好降低成本?！?【參考答案】There are debates around carbon capture and storage (CCS) schemes. Scientists believe CCS plans are necessary i

10、n fighting global warming and meeting the emissions target. However, green groups claim CCS has not achieved desired effects and advocated renewable energy, which scientists criticized because they think CCS technology is mature. The government hopes CCS can be less expensive. (57 words)關(guān)于碳捕獲和封存 (CC

11、S) 計(jì)劃存在爭議。 科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，CCS 計(jì)劃對于應(yīng)對全球變暖和實(shí)現(xiàn)排放目標(biāo)是必要的。 然而，綠色團(tuán)體聲稱CCS沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果并提倡可再生能源，科學(xué)家們批評，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為CCS技術(shù)已經(jīng)成熟。 政府希望 CCS 可以更便宜。 (57 字) 概要寫作的寫作步驟第一步：閱讀A. 認(rèn)真閱讀給定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多讀兩遍。閱讀次數(shù)越多，你對原文的理解就越深刻。B.該決定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。對重要部分的主要觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行概括。C. 簡要地記下主要觀點(diǎn)主題、標(biāo)題、細(xì)節(jié)等你認(rèn)為對概括摘要重要的東西。第二步：動手寫作A. 摘要應(yīng)盡量用自己的話完成。不要直接引用原文的句子。B. 應(yīng)

12、該遵循原文的邏輯順序。這樣你就不必重新組織觀點(diǎn)、事實(shí)。C. 摘要必須全面、清晰地表明原文所載的信息，以便你的讀者不需翻閱原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。D. 寫摘要時(shí)可以采用下列幾種小技巧：1) 刪除細(xì)節(jié)。只保留主要觀點(diǎn)。2) 選擇一至兩個(gè)例子。原文中可能包括5個(gè)或更多的例子，你只需從中篩選一至二個(gè)例子。3) 把長段的描述變成短小、簡單的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十個(gè)句子，那么你只要把它們變成一兩句即可。4) 避免重復(fù)。在原文中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)主題，可能會重復(fù)論證說明。但是這在摘要中是不能使用的。應(yīng)該刪除那些突出強(qiáng)調(diào)的重述句。5) 壓縮長的句子。如下列兩例：“His courage in

13、battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括為：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括為：”He was in financial difficulties.”6) 還可以使用詞組代替整句或者從句。請看下面的例子：Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were v

14、isited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括為：Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a

15、 few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”7) 使用概括性的名詞代替具體的詞，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during th

16、e winter vocation.”可以概括為：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”8）使用最短的連接詞。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等較長的連接詞。通常，使用分號就能夠達(dá)成使用連接詞的效果。9) 文章中的第一人稱說的話通常在摘要中轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱，從而把大段的對白簡化，比如：Kate looked at Pau

17、l disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul its not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned: “Why on earth not! If you didnt have salt on your food it would taste awful like eating cardboard or sand just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked wit

18、hout salt!” Kate was patient. She didnt want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly: But too much salt is bad for you. It causes high blood pressure and later on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”可以用第三人稱概括為：Kate suggested Paul that he sho