論語翻譯漫談

1、論語翻譯漫談圣人微言大義賢士箴言大論 1一、圣賢四等：一等 真人黃帝曰：“余聞上古有真人者，提挈天地，把握陰陽，呼吸精氣，獨立守神，肌肉若一，故能壽敝天地，無有終時，此其道生。2二等 至人中古之時有至人者，淳德全道，和于陰陽，調于四時, 去世離俗，積精全神，游行天地之間，視聽八達之外，此蓋益其壽命而強者也；亦歸于真人。3三等 圣人其次有圣人者，處天地之和，從八風之理，適嗜欲于世俗之間，無恚嗔之心, 行不欲離于世，被服章，舉不欲現(xiàn)于俗，外不勞形于事，內(nèi)無思想之患，以恬愉為務，以自得為功，形體不敝，精神不散，亦可以百數(shù)。4四等 賢人其次有賢人者，法則天地，象似日月，辯列星辰，逆從陰陽，分別四時，將

2、從上古合同于道，亦可使益壽而有極時?！?二、大哉孔子孔子十五而志于學，學而時習之，明德于天下，終成大成至圣先師，為人萬世師表。 6人皆知孔子為圣人，而不知其何以為圣。孔子說：“我非生而知之，好古，敏以求之者也?！蓖ㄟ_古今，博學善思，志在天下，此即圣人為學之道。7孔子“發(fā)憤忘食，樂以忘憂，不知老之將至云爾?！惫誓堋捌埲招?，日日新，又日新?！倍Y記說：“玉不雕，不成器；人不學，不知道?！?孔子深知其道，故能孜孜不倦，潛心向學。其傳授弟子之“六言六蔽”，宣德明義，誠為至言大要，莘莘學子，不可不知：9“蔽”者，弊端也。好仁而不好學，易被欺愚；好智而不好學，行必放蕩；誠信而不好學，反受其害；率直而不好學，

3、其言必苛；勇猛而不好學，必闖禍亂；剛強而不好學，必肆意妄為。放眼塵世，學者如云，然識得圣人為學之道者，又有幾人？10孔子“學而不厭”，故能盡悉本末，洞曉天下。學貴在力行致用，勤于思考。誠如孔子所言：“學而不思則罔，思而不學則殆。”此乃孔子為學之精神，古今學人，皆當效法，順之則進，逆之則退，學思并舉，不可偏廢。11學習在于志誠，所以孔子說：“知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也?！泵珴蓶|亦說：“學習上來不得半點虛假。”他在致其師徐特立的信中說：“有的人只有半桶水，卻篇要淌得很?！贝艘嗍ト司乐?，為學者不可不慎。12為學必先知禮。左傳隱公十一年說：“禮，經(jīng)國家，定社稷，序民人，利后嗣者也。”禮有如此之

4、用，不可不知，更不可不行?？鬃又囟Y，處世待人，溫良恭儉讓，言行合德，故能為人師，為世范。13帝舜命以典樂教胄子，使其“直而溫，寬而栗，剛而無虐，簡而無傲?！笨鬃又螌W為人，恰合帝命。后人尊孔為素王，蓋因有圣王之德，“欽明文思，允公克讓，光被四表，格于上下”（尚書堯典）。14論語說：“子絕四：毋意，毋必，毋固，毋我?！笨鬃訌牟粦{空揣測、絕對肯定、拘泥固執(zhí)、自以為是。此四者，恰今之學者所不能禁絕者，學界也因此狼煙四起，風云滾滾，不亦哀哉！15禮記說：“君子有三患：未之聞，患弗得聞也；既聞之，患弗得學也；既學之，患弗能行也。”學無止境，學行一致，永不自滿，為學者當以之為訓，時時自省。“學如不及，猶恐失

5、之?！笔ト松星胰绱?，況乎尋常之輩！16孔子治學，重在博思，從不生吞活剝。誠如子夏所言：“博學而篤志，切問而近思，仁在其中也?！彼烙浻脖常嗽埔嘣?，專志本本，此乃市儈功利巧取，絕非圣賢為學之道。17孔子說：“君子不器。”為學者當無囿為器，博覽群書，學以致用。如此，則近于至道。18孔子學為天下，志在克己復禮，尋求安邦治世之道?！俺劦?，夕死可矣”即其心志。仁人志士，當努力效法遵行，須臾不離其軌。19學而篇第一子曰：“學而時習之，不亦說乎？有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎？人不知，而不慍，不亦君子乎？” Confucius said, “Is it not a pleasure after all to pr

6、actice in due time what one has learnt? Is it not a delight after all to have friends come from afar? Is it not a gentleman after all who will not take offence when others fail to appreciate him?”20子曰：“巧言令色，鮮矣仁！”Confucius said, “A man who speaks with honeyed words and pretends to be kind cannot be b

7、enevolent.”21 曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身為人謀而不忠乎？與朋友交而不信乎？傳不習乎？”Zeng Zi (a disciple of Confucius) said, “Every day I examine myself once and again: Have I tried my utmost to help others? Have I been honest to my friends? Have I diligently reviewed the instructions from the Master?”22子曰：“弟子入則孝，出則悌，謹而信，泛愛眾，而親仁。行有余力，則

8、以學文?！盋onfucius said, “At home, a young man should be dutiful towards his parents; going outside, he should be respectful towards his elders; he should be cautious in deeds and trustworthy in words; he should love everyone yet make close friends only with those of benevolence. If he has any more ener

9、gy to spare, let him devote it to books.”23曾子曰：“慎終追遠，民德歸厚矣?！盳eng Zi said, “When funerals are conducted in accordance with the rites and sacrifices to the remote ancestors are given devoutly, the morality of the people will naturally reach its peak.”24 子曰：“君子食無求飽，居無求安，敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉，可謂好學也已?！?Confuciu

10、s said, “A gentleman seeks neither a full belly nor a comfortable home. Instead, he is quick in action yet cautious in speech. He learns from virtuous and accomplished men in order to correct his mistakes. Such can be called a man with eagerness to study.”25子曰：“不患人之不己知，患不知人也。”Confucius said, “Dont w

11、orry about being misunderstood but about understanding others.” 26子曰：“溫故而知新，可以為師矣?！盋onfucius said, “If one is able to acquire new knowledge by reviewing old knowledge, he is qualified to be a teacher.”27子曰：“君子不器?！盋onfucius said, “A gentleman should not be like utensil. (He should have broad knowledg

12、e and not be confined to one use.)”28子貢問君子。子曰：“先行其言，而后從之?！盳i Gong asked about how to become a gentleman. Confucius said, “A gentleman always puts his idea into action before he expresses it.”29子曰：“君子周而不比，小人比而不周?！盋onfucius said, “Gentlemen unite instead of conspiring; petty men conspire instead of un

13、iting.”30子曰：“由，誨女知之乎！知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也！”Confucius said, “You (given name of Zi Lu, a disciple of Confucius), shall I teach you knowledge is? When you know a thing, to recognize that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to recognize that you do not know it. That is knowledge.”31子曰：“朝聞道，夕死可矣?！?/p>

14、Confucius said, “If one learns the truth in the morning, one would never regret dying in the same evening.” 32子曰：“不患無位，患所以立；不患莫己知，求為可知也?！盋onfucius said, “Dont worry about having no official position, but do worry about your ability to fulfill a post. Dont worry when others dont appreciate you, but y

15、ou should strive to make achievements.”33子曰：“君子喻于義，小人喻于利?！盋onfucius said, “The gentleman sees righteousness; the petty man sees profit.”34子曰：“見賢思齊焉，見不賢而內(nèi)自省也?！盋onfucius said, “When you meet a man of virtue, learn from him. When you meet a man without virtue, examine yourself to see if you have the sa

16、me defects as he has.”35子曰：“父母在，不遠游，游必有方?！盋onfucius said, “When ones parents are alive, one should not go far away. If one has to, one should tell them where one is going.”36子曰：“父母之年，不可不知也。一則以喜，一則以懼。” Confucius said, “One must always keep in mind ones parents birthdays. On the one hand, one is glad

17、to offer birthday congratulations; on the other hand, one is worried to see they grow one year older.”37子曰：“君子欲訥于言而敏于行?！盋onfucius said, “A gentleman should be careful in speech and quick in action.”38子曰：“德不孤，必有鄰?！盋onfucius said, “A man of virtue can never be isolated. He is sure to have like-minded

18、companions.”39宰予晝寢。子曰：“朽木不可雕也，糞土之墻不可圬也；于予與何誅？”子曰：“始吾于人也，聽其言而信其行；今吾于人也，聽其言而觀其行。于予與改是?！盳ai Yu always slept in the daytime. Confucius said resentfully, “One cannot expect to carve on a piece of rotten wood, nor can one expect to whitewash a filthy wall. As for Zai Yu, what is the use of scolding him?”

19、Confucius added, “I used to trust what people said, now I want to see what they do before I trust them. It is from Zai Yu that I have learnt to change my attitude in dealing with people.” 40子貢問曰：“孔文子何以謂之文也？”子曰：“敏而好學，不恥下問，是以謂之文也?！盳i Gong asked, “Why was Kong Wenzi (a previous minister of Wei) called

20、Wen (a tittle that means culture)?” Confucius answered, “Because he was quick and eager to learn, modest and never ashamed to asking questions. That is why he was honored as Wen.” 41子路曰：“愿聞子之志?！弊釉唬骸袄险甙仓笥研胖?，少者懷之?！?Zi Lu asked Confucius, “I would like to hear your aspirations.” Confucius said, “I wi

21、sh for the old to live in peace and comfort, friends to trust each other and the young to be taken good care of.”42子曰：“十室之邑，必有忠信如丘者焉，不如丘之好學也。”Confucius said, “Wherever people live, there are honest and trustworthy people like me; but they are not so eager to learn as I am.” 43子曰：“質勝文則野，文勝質則史。文質彬彬，然后

22、君子?！盋onfucius said, “One would seem uncouth with more simplicity than refinement, and seem superficial with more refinement than simplicity. Only when these two qualities are well-balanced can one become a real gentleman.”44子曰：“默而識之，學而不厭，誨人不倦，何有于我哉？”Confucius said, “To keep silently in mind what one

23、 has seen and heard, to study hard and feel contented, to teach others tirelesslyhave I done all of these things? 45子曰：“我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也?！盋onfucius said, “I was not born with knowledge, but, being fond of ancient culture, I was eager to seek it through diligence.”46子曰：“三人行，必有我?guī)熝桑簱衿渖普叨鴱闹?，其不善者而改之?！盋o

24、nfucius said, “When walking in the company of other men, there must be one I can learn something from. I shall pick out his merits to follow and his shortcomings for reference to overcome my own.”47子以四教：文，行，忠，信。Confucius taught his disciples four disciplines: culture, social conduct, loyalty to supe

25、riors and faithfulness to friends. 48子曰：“仁遠乎哉？我欲仁，斯仁至矣。”Confucius said, “Is benevolence really far away from us? You only have to really want it and it will come.”49子曰：“君子坦蕩蕩，小人長戚戚?！盋onfucius said, “A gentleman is always broad-mindedness while a petty man is always full of anxiety.” 50曾子言曰：“鳥之將死，其鳴也

26、哀；人之將死，其言也善?！盳eng Zi said, “When a bird is dying, its cry is sad; when a man is dying, his words are kind. ”51子曰：“苗而不秀者有矣夫！秀而不實者有矣夫！”Confucius said, “Some seedlings spring up but never blossom, others blossom but never bear fruit.”52子曰：“后生可畏，焉知來者之不如今也？四十、五十而無聞焉，亦不足畏也已。”Confucius said, “Respect the y

27、oung. How do you know that they will not one day be all that you are now? But if a man has reached forty or fifty and nothing has been heard of him, then I grant there is no need to respect him.”53子曰：“三軍可奪帥也，匹夫不可奪志也?！盋onfucius said, “An army may be deprived of its commanding officer, yet a man canno

28、t be deprived of his will.”54子曰：“歲寒，然后知松柏之后凋也！”Confucius said, “Only when the weather turns cold can we see that the leaves of pines and cypresses are the last to wither and fall.”55子曰：“知者不惑，仁者不憂，勇者不懼?！盋onfucius said, “A wise man is never cheated, a virtuous man is never worried and a courageous man

29、 is never afraid.”56顏淵問仁。子曰：“克己復禮為仁。一日克己復禮，天下歸仁焉。為仁由己，而由人乎哉？”顏淵曰：“請問其目？”子曰：“非禮勿視，非禮勿聽，非禮勿言，非禮勿動?！?7Yan Yuan asked what benevolence was. Confucius said, “One who restrains himself in order to observe the rites is benevolent. Once you can do this, you will be unanimously considered a man of benevolenc

30、e. Such a practice wholly depends on oneself, not on anybody else.” Yan Hui asked again, “How can one carry on such a practice?” Confucius answered, “Do not look at things that do not accord with the rites; do not listen to things that do not accord with the rites; do not do anything that does not a

31、ccord with the rites.”58子曰：“君子成人之美，不成人之惡。小人反是?！盋onfucius said, “A gentleman helps others fulfill good deeds and never helps them in bad deeds. A petty man just does the opposite.”59曾子曰：“君子以文會友，以友輔仁?！盳eng Zi, a disciple of Confucius, said, “A gentleman makes friends through his learning and cultivate

32、s virtue and benevolence through those friends.”60子曰：“其身正，不令而行；其身不正，雖令不從?！盋onfucius said, “If the ruler acts properly, the common people will obey him without being ordered to; if the ruler does not act properly, the common people will not obey him even after repeated injunctions.”61子曰：“無欲速，無見小利。欲速則

33、不達；見小利則大事不成?！盋onfucius said, “Do not make haste, do not covet small gains. If you make haste, you cannot reach your goal; if you covet small gains, your efforts will not culminate in great achievements.”62子曰：“君子和而不同，小人同而不和?！盋onfucius said, “A gentleman unites with people of principle and never follo

34、ws others blindly. A petty man follows others blindly without regard to principle.”63子曰：“君子泰而不驕，小人驕而不泰。”Confucius said, “A gentleman always keeps even-tempered without being arrogant while a petty man is arrogant without being even-tempered.”64子曰：“剛、毅、木、訥近仁。”Confucius said, “The four qualities of un

35、yieldingness, resoluteness, modesty, and cautiousness in speech can make a person almost benevolent.” 65子曰：“君子上達，小人下達?！盋onfucius said, “The gentleman achieves benevolence while the petty man achieves material gains.”66子曰：“古之學者為己，今之學者為人?！盋onfucius said, “People in ancient times studied to enrich thei

36、r knowledge and improve themselves; people today study to decorate themselves and impress others.”67子曰：“不在其位，不謀其政?！盋onfucius said, “Do not get involved in the government affairs that are not your responsibility.”68子曰：“不患人之不己知，患其不能也?！盋onfucius said, “Do not worry that your abilities are not appreciat

37、ed. Just make sure that you possess them.”69子曰：“可與言而不與言，失人；不可與言而與之言，失言。知者不失人，亦不失言?！盋onfucius said, “To fail to speak to a man who is worth contacting is to let a man slip into uselessness; to speak to a man who is not worth communicating with is to waste words. A wise man shall not let a man slip in

38、to uselessness, nor shall he waste his words.”70子曰：“志士仁人，無求生以害仁，有殺身以成仁。Confucius said, “A man of benevolence and lofty ideals should not, at the expense of benevolence, cling cravenly to life instead of braving death. He will, on the contrary, lay down his life for the accomplishment of benevolence.

39、”71子貢問為仁。子曰：“工欲善其事，必先利其器。居是邦也，事其大夫之賢者，友其士之仁者。”Zi Gong asked how to practice benevolence. Confucius said, “A craftsman must prepare his tools beforehand in order to do his work well. Similarly, in a country, one must serve those among the senior officials who are virtuous, and make friends with those

40、 among the educated who are benevolent.”72子曰：“人無遠慮，必有近憂?！盋onfucius said, “Worries will soon appear if one gives no thought to a long-term plan.” 73子曰：“躬自厚而薄責于人，則遠怨矣?！盋onfucius said, “Being strict with oneself and lenient to others is sure to save one from ill will.” 74子曰：“君子義以為質，禮以行之，孫以出之，信以成之。君子哉！”

41、“A man may be said to be a true gentleman only if he takes fairness as his basic life principle, observes the rites in his behavior, speaks with modesty, and acts with earnestness.”75子曰：“君子病無能焉，不病人之不己知也。”“A gentleman fears his own lack of talent more than others failure to understand him.”76子曰：“君子求諸

42、己，小人求諸人。”“A gentleman sets strict demands on himself while a petty man sets strict demands on others.”77子曰：“君子矜而不爭，群而不黨。”“A gentleman is grave without being contentious, and keeps harmonious relationships with others without forming cliques.”78子曰：“君子不以言舉人，不以人廢言。”“A gentleman does no promote a man wh

43、ose words are pleasant to his ear, neither does he disdain his correct words, for he is an unpleasant man.”79子貢問曰：“有一言而可以終身行之者乎？”子曰：“其恕乎！己所不欲勿施于人?！盳i Gong asked, “Is there a single word that a man can follow as his life guide?” Confucius said, “Yes. It is, perhaps, the word forbearance. Do not impos

44、e upon others what you do not desire yourself.”80子曰：“巧言亂德。小不忍，則亂大謀。”“Sweet words will ruin ones virtue; lack of patience in small matters will bring destruction to overall plans.”81子曰：“眾惡之，必察焉；眾好之，必察焉。”“Be sure to look into the case if a man is disliked by all the people around him. Be sure, too, to

45、 look into the case if he is liked by all the people around him.”82子曰：“過而不改，是謂過矣?！薄癗ot to correct the mistake one has made is to err indeed.”83子曰：“吾嘗終日不食，終夜不寢，以思，無益，不如學也?！薄癐 once spent day and night in cudgeling my brains without taking meals and sleep. But all my efforts turned out to be of little

46、effect. I should have spent all that time learning steadily.”84子曰：“君子不可小知，而可大受也；小人不可大受，而可小知也?！薄癆 gentleman can be entrusted to great responsibilities without being tested in small matters. A petty man can stand the test of small matters, but he can never be entrusted to great responsibilities.”85子曰：

47、“當仁，不讓于師?！薄癐n the face of benevolence, do not give precedence even to your teacher.”86子曰：“有教無類?！薄癐n educating, I treat everyone the same.”87子曰：“道不同，不相為謀?！薄癙eople who follow different political paths do not take counsel with one another.”88子曰：“辭達而已矣?！薄癐t is enough that ones words get the ideas across.” 89孔子曰：“君子有三戒：少之時，血氣未定，戒之在色；及其壯也，血氣方剛，戒之在斗；及其老也，血氣既衰，戒之在得。”“A gentleman should maintain vigilance against three things: In youth when the vital spirits are not yet settled, he