高中英語選擇性必修一 2021 unit 5 預(yù)習(xí)·新知早知道

1、 .匹配詞義單詞匹配第一組1crisisAadj.熱切的；十分強(qiáng)烈的；激烈的2intense Badj.本國(guó)的；國(guó)內(nèi)的；家用的；家庭的3output Cn.產(chǎn)量；輸出；輸出量 vt.輸出4domestic Dn.危機(jī)；危急關(guān)頭5consumption Evt.產(chǎn)生；引起6generate Fn.消耗；消耗量；消費(fèi)7strain Gn.閑暇；休閑；空閑8leisure Hn.名人；名流；名望；名譽(yù)9soil In.(動(dòng)、植物的)系；品種；拉傷；壓力10celebrity Jn.泥土；土壤；國(guó)土；領(lǐng)土答案15DACBF610EIGJH第二組1urban An.擴(kuò)建部分；擴(kuò)大；電話分機(jī)2tunnel

2、 Badj.城市的；都市的；城鎮(zhèn)的3extension Cn.地下通道；地道；隧道4flavour Dn.小麥；小麥籽5wheat En.味道；特點(diǎn)；特色6alleviate Fn.貧窮；貧困7poverty Gvt.減輕；緩解8grocery Hn.營(yíng)養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)9nutrition In.根；根莖；根部；根源10root Jn.食品雜貨店；pl.食品雜貨答案15BCAED610GFJHI.短語匹配1devote.to A包括；包含；由組成(或構(gòu)成)2be comprised of B例如；比如3deep down C相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流4in turn D把用于；獻(xiàn)身；致力；專心5for

3、instance E在內(nèi)心深處；本質(zhì)上；實(shí)際上答案15DAECB.默寫單詞第一組1tackle vt. 解決(難題)；應(yīng)付(局面)；處理2boost vt. 使增長(zhǎng)；使興旺n. 增長(zhǎng)；提高；激勵(lì)3convince vt. 使相信；使確信；說服4attain vt. (通常經(jīng)過努力)獲得；得到5overcome vt. 克服；解決；戰(zhàn)勝6expand vt.& vi vt. 擴(kuò)展；發(fā)展(業(yè)務(wù))7estimate vt. 估計(jì)；估價(jià)；估算n. 估計(jì)；估算8comprise vt. 包括；包含；由組成9devote vt. 把獻(xiàn)(給)；把專用于；專心于10chemical adj. 與化學(xué)有關(guān)的；化

4、學(xué)的n. 化學(xué)制品；化學(xué)品第二組1widespread adj. 分布廣的；普遍的；廣泛的2digest vt.& vi. 消化 vt. 領(lǐng)會(huì)；領(lǐng)悟3prohibit vt. (尤指以法令)禁止；阻止4essential adj. 完全必要的；極其重要的5alternative n. 可供選擇的事物adj. 可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的6entirely adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地7depth n. 向下(或向里)的距離；深(度)8instance n. 例子；實(shí)例；事例.選詞填詞attained, overcome, tackle, boosted, convinced, essential,

5、 digest, comprises, widespread, prohibits1I dont know how to tackle this problem.2The total was boosted to nearly 2，000 by donations from parents.3We convinced Anne to go by train rather than plane.4She attained her ambition of becoming a pilot.5He has enough courage to overcome the difficulty.6This

6、 music album comprises the best hits of the year.7This disease is widespread in tropical areas.8The high cost prohibits the widespread use of the drug.9It is essential that you should come home early.10It often takes a long time to digest new ideas.語法填空之派生詞1What is the depth(deep) of this lake?2This

7、, I am sorry to say, is almost entirely(entire) wishful thinking.3He showed his poverty(poor) in his knowledge of agriculture.4Adapt your usual eating regimen to make it more nutritious(nutrition)5Any shortage(short) could push up grain prices.6What are the characteristics(character) that distinguis

8、h the Chinese from the Japanese?7The chairman made a few conventional(convention) remarks.8We are working on the assumption(assume) that the techniques are safe.1Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research.然而，他自認(rèn)為是個(gè)農(nóng)民，因?yàn)樵谘芯恐兴煌５馗N土地。2Yuan Longping realise

9、d that larger fields were not the solution.袁隆平意識(shí)到，更多的耕地并不是解決問題的辦法。3A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species.雜交作物是一個(gè)物種的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上變種的雜交。4Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops, generated from Yuans hybrid strains, and

10、 his strains have allowed Chinas farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.據(jù)估算，現(xiàn)在中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)的大米有大約百分之六十來自袁隆平的雜交水稻，他的雜交水稻品種讓中國(guó)農(nóng)民每年能夠生產(chǎn)出大約兩億噸大米。5Given that Yuans hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.考慮到雜交水稻使袁隆平變得相當(dāng)富有，人們可能認(rèn)為他會(huì)退休享受閑適的生活。詞

11、語助讀(be) known as the “father of hybrid rice” 被稱為“雜交水稻之父”consider himself a farmer自認(rèn)為是個(gè)農(nóng)民work the land耕種土地devote ones life to致力于；獻(xiàn)身于(1)because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。(2)to whom引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Chinese farmers。pursue a career in science or medicine從事科學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)方面的事業(yè)have poor harvests糧食歉收have a serious shortage of food嚴(yán)重缺乏食物

12、tackle this crisis應(yīng)對(duì)這一危機(jī)choose to study agriculture選擇學(xué)習(xí)農(nóng)業(yè)(3) what concerned him most為主語從句，that farmers.為表語從句，其中不定式短語to eat作名詞food的后置定語。after graduating in 1953 在1953年畢業(yè)之后work as a researcher從事研究工作boost yields提高產(chǎn)量a challenging question一個(gè)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題the creation of hybrid rice雜交水稻的培育conventional crops傳統(tǒng)作物

13、a matter of great debate一個(gè)有很大爭(zhēng)議的問題through intense effort通過不懈的努力overcome enormous technical difficulties克服巨大的技術(shù)難題expand their output增加產(chǎn)量(4)that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。(5)they had是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句，修飾先行詞fields。(6)how引導(dǎo)主語從句。(7)that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。(8)that引導(dǎo)表語從句。(9)whether引導(dǎo)主語從句，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式短語to develop a hybrid of selfp

14、ollinating plants such as rice。(10)that引導(dǎo)表語從句。(11) that引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞rice。it is estimated that.據(jù)估計(jì)eq o(,sup2(21)be comprised of由組成eq o(,sup2(22)depend on rice as well也依賴大米eq o(,sup2(23)because of his invaluable contributions因?yàn)樗牟豢晒懒康呢暙I(xiàn)eq o(,sup2(24)receive numerous awards獲獎(jiǎng)無數(shù)(12)and連接表示順承關(guān)系的并列句，其中第

15、一個(gè)分句中it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；過去分詞短語generated from Yuans hybrid strains作名詞crops的后置定語。(13)that引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞countries。eq o(,sup2(25)make him quite wealthy使他變得相當(dāng)富有eq o(,sup2(26)a life of leisure悠閑的生活eq o(,sup2(27)be far from the case事實(shí)遠(yuǎn)非如此eq o(,sup2(28)deep down在內(nèi)心深處eq o(,sup2(29)care little for

16、celebrity or money不太在乎名聲和金錢eq o(,sup2(30)make large donations to support agricultural research大量捐款以支持農(nóng)業(yè)研究(14)given that.引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，he would retire to a life of leisure為省略了that的賓語從句。eq o(,sup2(31)his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams他不斷實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的能力eq o(,sup2(32)as tall as sorghum像高粱一樣高eq o(,sup2(33)succ

17、eed in producing a kind of rice成功培育出一種水稻eq o(,sup2(34)become a reality成為現(xiàn)實(shí)eq o(,sup2(35)open up開辟eq o(,sup2(36)despite his advanced years盡管年事已高eq o(,sup2(37)dream up想起；想象出(不尋常的事物)；憑空設(shè)想(15)what引導(dǎo)主語從句。(16)that引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞rice。(17)and連接表示順承關(guān)系的并列句，其中第二個(gè)分句中what he will dream up next是what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。課文呈現(xiàn)A

18、PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLEYuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”, is one of Chinas most famous scientists.Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research(1)Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers to whom he h

19、as devoted his life(2)Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing.His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine.However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat(3)To tackle this crisis, he chose to stu

20、dy agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher.Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution(4)Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had(5)How this could be done(6) was

21、 a challenging question at the time.Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice(7)A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species.One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops(8)However, whether it

22、 was possible to develop a hybrid of selfpollinating plants such as rice(9) was a matter of great debate.The common assumption then was that it could not be done(10)Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming(1

23、1) in 1974.This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised ofeq o(,sup2(21) crops, generated from Yuans hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed Chinas farmers to produce around 200 million

24、 tons of rice per year(12)Yuans innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as welleq o(,sup2(22)(13), such as India and Vietnam.Because of his invaluable contributionseq o(,sup2(23), Yuan Longping has received numerous awardseq o(,sup2(24) both in China a

25、nd abroad.Given that Yuans hybrids have made him quite wealthyeq o(,sup2(25), one might think he would retire to a life of leisureeq o(,sup2(26)(14)However, this is far from the caseeq o(,sup2(27).Deep downeq o(,sup2(28), Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart.As a man of the soil, he cares littl

26、e for celebrity or moneyeq o(,sup2(29).Instead, he makes large donations to support agricultural researcheq o(,sup2(30).What impresses people most about Yuan Longping(15) is his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreamseq o(,sup2(31).Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghumeq o(,sup2(32), w

27、ith each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut.He succeeded in producing a kind of riceeq o(,sup2(33) that could feed more people at home and abroad(16)His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a realityeq o(,sup2(34), and potentially opened upeq o(,sup2(35) nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production.Despite his advanced yearseq o(,sup2(36), Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone is waiting to see