名詞、形容詞、副詞課件

1、名詞、形容詞以及副詞的復(fù)習(xí)專有名詞（Proper Nouns）和普通名詞 (Common Nouns）專有名詞是某個(gè)（些）人，地方，機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱， 如Beijing，China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞， 如：book，sadness等。名詞的分類 1）個(gè)體名詞（Individual Nouns）：表示某類人或東西中的 個(gè)體，如：apple。 2）集體名詞（Collective Nouns）：表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的 集合體，如：family, people。 3）物質(zhì)名詞（Material Nouns）：表示無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí) 物，如：milk。 4）抽象名詞（Abstr

2、act Nouns）：表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、 感情等抽象概念，如：work。普通名詞又分為四類個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來計(jì)算，稱為可數(shù)名詞（Countable Nouns）物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目計(jì)算，稱為不可數(shù)名詞（Uncountable Nouns）所以一般情況下我們所說的名詞復(fù)數(shù)指的就是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)問題一般情況加 -s 1.清輔音后讀/s/ map-maps book-books 2.濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/ bag-bags car-cars名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(1)以y 結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直接加-s變復(fù)數(shù)： two Marys the H

3、enrys monkeymonkeys holidayholidays以輔音字母+y 變y 為i結(jié)尾的詞 再加es 讀 /z/ babybabies名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(3)以f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)： a. 加-s roofroofs b. 去f, fe 加-ves halfhalvesknifeknives leafleaves wolfwolves lifelives thiefthievesc. 均可 handkerchief - handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化(4)foot - feetchild - childrentooth

4、 - teethmouse - mice名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(1)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(2)man - menwoman - womenmen doctorswomen teachersa Germansome GermansAmerican -Americans Australian-Australians Canadian-Canadianssome policemena policemanEnglishman Englishmen Frenchman - Frenchmen一些需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的表示人的名詞復(fù)數(shù)one fish一條魚fishes不同種類的魚各種各樣的魚three fish三條魚s

5、ome fish一些魚肉可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(4):好玩的 “fish”必須注意的若干名詞方面的問題(1) a.有些詞既可數(shù)又不可數(shù)但意思不同: paper 報(bào)紙/試卷/文件/講義 紙張time 次數(shù)/倍數(shù) 時(shí)間glass 玻璃杯 玻璃room 房間 空間fish 魚 魚肉 b.有些詞雖以-s結(jié)尾但卻是單數(shù): news , math(s) , physics , politics, . c.有些詞始終是復(fù)數(shù)形式: people(人們), clothes, trousers, glasses(眼鏡) , works(著作), goods(貨物), times(時(shí)代).有些詞通常

6、都是復(fù)數(shù)形式: shoes, gloves, a.“數(shù)詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的合成詞作定語時(shí)該名詞用單數(shù)形式 a two-month holiday an 8-year-old boy試比較 the boys 400-metre race the boys 400 metres必須注意的特殊用法b.關(guān)于幾個(gè)表示數(shù)量的單位詞 hundreds / thousands / millions of people (表示約數(shù)時(shí)) 9 hundred / thousand / million people (表示準(zhǔn)確數(shù)量時(shí))中考復(fù)習(xí)英語語法形容詞和副詞用法例 句補(bǔ)充說明作定語This is an interes

7、ting bookI have nothing important to tell you形容詞作定語時(shí)放在被修飾詞之前，修飾不定代詞放在后面作表語The work is difficultShe looks happy today作表語與系動(dòng)詞連用作賓補(bǔ)Please keep the room clean I find it very beautiful1、形容詞的用法SunRainWindCloudFriendCareInterestUse2.掌握下列名詞和形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)化sunnyrainywindycloudycarefulinterestingfriendlyuseful1.副詞的作用:

8、 用來修飾動(dòng)詞.形容詞.其它副詞.全句或 名詞詞組及句子用 法例 句作表語My mother is out 作定語The girl there is my friend 作狀語He runs fast 作賓補(bǔ)I found him outside二 、副詞2.有許多副詞是對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞加ly構(gòu)成,real really如: strong strongly詞尾是y的要把y變?yōu)閕再加 ly,如:busy busily happy happilygood的副詞是well.hard 既是形容詞也是副詞,作形容詞是“困難的”，作副詞是“努力地”。hardly的意思是“幾乎不”它和hard沒關(guān)系注意:三.形

9、容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成是基本相同的.2、不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)goodwellbadillmanymuchlittlefarold比較級(jí)最高級(jí)說明巧記：better bestworseworstless more mostfarther/furtherolderleast farthest/furthestoldest特殊形式比較級(jí)共有三對(duì)二合一壞病兩多并兩好little意思不是小一分為二有兩個(gè)一是老來二是遠(yuǎn)3、形容詞，副詞比較等級(jí)的用法等級(jí)原級(jí)句 型1、as+原級(jí)+as2、not + so/as + 原級(jí)+ as例 句She is as kind as her

10、mother Lucy didnt do it so/as well as you 比較級(jí)比較級(jí) + thanHe is taller than Lilei The weather is getting hotter and hotter最高級(jí)the+最高級(jí)+of /in/amongShe is the tallest one in her class4.使用形容詞比較級(jí)時(shí)(1)在形容詞比較級(jí)前可用much, even ,still ,a little Far, a lot來修飾，表示程度。(2)可用“比較級(jí)形式+than any other +單數(shù)名詞”來表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意思 He is tal

11、ler than any other student in the school 。注意：(3)可用the +比較級(jí)形式+of the two來表達(dá)兩者之間的比較。 如He is the better of the two 他是兩人中較好的.(4)可用“比較級(jí)形式+and+比較級(jí)形式”來表達(dá)“越來越的意思， 表示本身程度的改變，其動(dòng)詞經(jīng)常使用grow ,get, become , 如Its spring now . It gets warmer and warmer (5) 可用“the +比較級(jí)形式，the +比較級(jí)形式”來表達(dá)越就越的意思。如the more, the better。5.

12、使用形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)(1)可用“one of +the 最高級(jí)形式+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示是最 之一者。如：one of the most beautiful cities is shanghai 上海是最美的城市之一。 (2)用the +形容詞最高級(jí)形式+in 接單數(shù)名詞用the +形容詞最高級(jí)形式+of 接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或表示復(fù)數(shù)的代詞。 如who is the tallest in the class? Who is the tallest of the students 。注意：典型例題分析1、The bread is _ than these cakesA、Very delicious B. muc

13、h delicious C. more delicious D. as delicious2. Lin Tao jumped _ in the long jump in the school sports meeting A. Far B. farther C. farthest D. quite far3. When they met in the hotel . They talked and laughed _A.Happily B. happy C. happier D. happiest4.which is _ season in Beijing ?A.Good B. better

14、C. best D. the best CCAD1. I think Yao Ming, the famous basketball player , will be _ new Star in NBA.Hot B. hotter C. hottest D. the hottest 2. In our city its _ in July ,but it is even _ in August. Hotter hottest B. hot hot C. hotter hot D. hot hotter3. Hainan is a very large Island .It is the sec

15、ond _ island in China.Large B. larger C. largest D. most largest 4. An elephant is _ than a tiger. Heavy B. very heavy C. the heaviest D. heavierDDCD5. A horse is _ than a dog Much heavy B. more heavier C. much heavier 6. Emma always makes a lot of mistakes . She is _Care B. careful C. carefully D.

16、careless7. Which subject is _ , physics or chemistry ?Interesting B. most interesting C. More interesting D. the most interesting CDC8. He is _ enough to carry the heavy box Strong B. stronger C. much stronger . D. the strongest 9. Li lei often talks _ but does _ so everyone says he is a good boy A

17、less more B. few much C. more little D. little many 10. When the famous singer started to sing , everyone began to shout very _ Loudly B. loud C.heavily D. high AAA寫出以下名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式并讀準(zhǔn)復(fù)數(shù)形式的發(fā)音books bags hats words oranges pages hundreds thousands(2) countries stories cities families boys keys Lilys Marys (

18、3) buses classes boxes foxes watches matches wishes months mouths (4) knives lives wives roofs halves leaves shelves thieves(5) heroes photos radios pianos potatoes kilos zoos tomatoes寫出以下名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式并讀準(zhǔn)復(fù)數(shù)形式的發(fā)音(keys)(6) men women policemen Englishmen Frenchmen Germans(7) Sheep deer fish Chinese Japanese

19、(8) children(9) feet teeth mice (10) Americans Australians Canadians(11) boyfriends girlfriends apple trees (12) men doctors women teachers形容詞專練參考答案： I、單項(xiàng)選擇 1-5 CABCD 6-10 CDCDB 11-15 ABDAA 16-20 DAABC 21-25 BDAAC 26-30 BCCAC II、用所給詞的正確形式填空 1.unhappy; noisy 2.dead 3.Chinese 4.worried; friendly 5.final 6.impossible 7.pleasant 8.colorful 9.amazing 10.sleepy; asleep 11.enjoyable 12.healthier III、改為同義句 1.Nobody else 2.bigger; any other 3.as old as 4.isnt as