國際大公司的安全管理起重吊裝安全知識課件

1、Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging / Level 1 起重吊裝安全知識 / 初級Purpose 培訓目的 Understand Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 了解起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本知識Understand Hazard Types and Causes of Lifting & Rigging Work 了解起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因Understand and Follow Site Control SOP-Lifting 了解并遵守施工現(xiàn)場安全起重吊裝控制流程Reduce Lifting & Rigging RiskI

2、mprove Lifting & Rigging safety situation 減少吊裝起重作業(yè)風險，改進吊裝起重作業(yè)安全狀態(tài)Training Content 培訓內(nèi)容Site control of SOP-Lifting施工現(xiàn)場安全起重吊裝控制流程Summary and Discussion 總結與討論Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝安全知識Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本知識1、Lifting machine 起重機械2、Slings 索具3、Signals 起重信號4、L&R Staff

3、& Responsibilities 起重作業(yè)人員及其職責Lifting machine 起重機械. Definition of LM 起重機械的定義 Lifting machine refers to special equipment for elevation and moving objects/materials by hooks or other hangers,riggings. 起重機是通過吊鉤或其他吊具起升、搬運物料的特種機械設備. Types of LM 起重機械的種類Crane 起重機(Tower Crane塔式起重機）Others 其他起重設備（Lifting jack

4、, chain hoist千斤頂、手動葫蘆） Lifting Machine起重機械 Lifting 升降機、卷揚機Lifting machine inspection 起重機械的檢測What to Inspect需要檢測什么Annual Inspection of the hoisting machinery must be performed by an authorized institute起重機械的檢測必須由有資質的機構進行The person in charge must maintain a record of these inspections負責人必須對這些檢測進行記錄Ann

5、ual Inspection 年檢Crane wasnt inspectedand tipped over吊車沒有進行檢測，并且已經(jīng)傾倒Who will be in charge of inspection 誰將負責起重機械的檢測Rigger/Crane Operator 起重工/吊車司機The rigger must inspect all machinery and equipment prior to start-up and during use, to make sure that it is in safe work condition. 起重工必須在使用前檢查所有的機器和設備，并

6、且在使用過程中確保各個操作條件的安全If crane needs fixing, it will be taken out of service until reparation completion.如果需要維修，則不再使用此機器直至維修完畢BrokenTrack破損的履帶Self-elevated Crane Tower 自升塔式起重機Normally the first anchorage fixing should be 25 meter above ground distance, not be allowed to exceed 50 meters, then every 16 t

7、o 20 meters needs to fix anchor once.第一道錨固裝置距地面一般為25米，最大不超過50米。以后每1620米錨固一道。The deviation of tower verticality should be less than 2%塔的垂直度偏差不大于2%。Frequent check should be performed on fixing situation of anchorage fixing apparatus 經(jīng)常檢查錨固裝置的牢固程度。 Safety devices 安全裝置： Operation protective devices: loa

8、d limit, moment limit, lead limit switch, etc. 操作保護裝置：載重限制器，力矩限制器，行程限位等。 Electric protective devices: zero protection, maximum relay, emergency switch, fuse cutout switch, etc. 電器保護裝置：零位保護，過電流繼電器，緊急開關，熔斷保護等。Safe Operation Procedure for Tower Crane Lifting(SOP-Lifting) 塔式起重機的安全操作規(guī)程It is obliged that

9、tower crane operator must hold the certificate at hand which issued by the National Ministry of Labor. 塔式起重機司機必須持有經(jīng)國家勞動部門考核合格并頒發(fā)的上崗證，執(zhí)證上崗；Newly assembled or repaired crane must perform trial-run test and be inspected & qualified by authority bureau then can be put into operation. 新安裝和經(jīng)修復的起重機，必須進行試運轉

10、，經(jīng)有關權威部門確認合格后方可使用；Requirement prior to crane operation: 操作前檢查要求： Check the transmission parts, decelerator, and ensure the oil is enough; check the bolts of every part are properly fastened. 檢查各傳動部分、減速器、油量是否充足，各部分螺栓是否緊固； After control switch is closed, check the outside cover of electric appliance a

11、nd manipulator to ensure in safe condition. 在總開關閉合后，用試電筆檢查電器及控制器外殼，確認安全； Inspect the wear status of wire sling. 檢查鋼絲繩的磨損情況； Prior to crane operation, complete inspection needs to be carried out to make sure that manipulator, transmission part and brake gear are in good condition. 工作開始前，做一次全面檢查，檢查各控制

12、器及傳動裝置、制動裝置的可靠性。Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本知識Slings 索 具Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本知識 Wire rope 鋼絲繩Nylon rope 尼龍繩(化纖)Coir rope 棕繩Clasp 卡環(huán)Rope lock 繩卡Elasticity conditioner 松緊器Ropes 繩(帶)Fixture卡具Hook 吊鉤Slings索具Slings 索具Nylon rope 尼龍繩(化纖)Clasp 卡環(huán)Rope Cappel 繩卡Hook 吊鉤Slings Leg

13、end 索具圖例Wire rope 鋼絲繩Wire Rope 鋼絲繩Fixed ropes have more than two broken wires in one lay in areas beyond end connections or more than one broken wire at one end connection。固定鋼絲繩的一捻,在遠離末端連接處的地方有兩條以上斷掉的金屬絲,或者在末端連接處有一條以上斷掉的金屬絲;Running ropes have six randomly distributed broken wires in one lay or three

14、 broken wires in one strand in one lay。轉動鋼絲繩的一捻中有六處任意分布的斷掉的金屬絲或者在其一股中有三條斷的金屬絲;Wear of one-third of the original diameter of the outside individual wires caused by abrasion, scrubbing, flattening, or peening ; 獨立的鋼絲繩外表由于磨損,擦洗,壓扁或者錘擊等原因磨損了它原來直徑的1/3;Kinking, crushing, birdcaging, or any other damage re

15、sulting in distortion of the rope structure; 扭結,破碎,籠形畸變或是其他的損壞而導致鋼絲繩結構的變形;Evidence of heat damage by any causes. 由任何原因引起的熱破壞現(xiàn)象。Wire rope should be replaced in several circumstances, including, but not limited to:鋼絲繩在以下情況下必須更換，但不僅限于Wire Rope Usage Regulations 鋼絲繩使用規(guī)定Certificate 證書 All wire ropes must

16、 passed the test of LF assigned authority Institute with issued certificate prior to usage; 所有的鋼絲繩在使用前必須通過拉法基指定權威認證檢測機構的測試并有簽發(fā)的證書.Tag 吊簽 Any tags used in wire rope should include two aspects of information, sling reference No. & safe working load. 鋼絲繩所用的吊簽應包括兩個信息: 鋼絲繩編號及安全工作負荷Only Wire rope meeting

17、the following requirements can be used at site :鋼繩只有滿足下面的要求,方能在現(xiàn)場使用: Introduction of Steel Sling Splicing 鋼絲繩插接的介紹Requirement and specifications for sling splicing 插接的要求與規(guī)定 At least five times are required for each strand of wire rope when splicing. Loop should have minimum 15mm of lap butt at the e

18、nd, in order to restrain from retraction when sling pulls. 鋼絲繩每股插接的次數(shù)不能低于五次。插接尾部要留15MM的“毛頭”， 以備吊索受拉后回縮。 Principle of Wire Rope Lashing 捆綁原則 Find out the load gravity center; 找到被吊裝物體的重心Slings used must meet load requirement;所用的索具必須滿足被吊裝重物的要求Ensure stability of L&R operation; 保證吊裝的平穩(wěn)Proper lashing met

19、hod 正確的綁扎方式General Knowledge of Wire Rope Lashing 捆綁鋼絲繩常識Methods of Lashing 綁扎方式Example of Tight Lashing Method穩(wěn)固的綁扎General Knowledge of Wire Rope Lashing 捆綁鋼絲繩常識Correct 對Wrong 錯Fixture卡具CORRECT 正確 Saddle 鞍U-Bolt U型螺栓Installed properly as to number, direction, spacing and torque.數(shù)量、方向、間距和扭矩都要以正確的方式安

20、裝Installing Wire Rope Clips 繩卡的安裝Proper installation method of “Safe bent” 安裝鋼絲繩夾放“安全彎”方法 General Knowledge of Guide-rope Application 溜繩使用常識It is necessary to use guide-rope during L&R operation.吊裝時設置溜繩是非常必要的。Functions:Ensure the load stability; prevent load from swinging; increase dynamic load. 作用：

21、保證被吊物品的穩(wěn)定性，防止被吊裝物體的擺動，增加動載荷。The length of guide-rope is determined by the load height.溜繩的長度視吊裝的高度而定。Note: it is not allowed to pull load slantly.注意：不允許用溜繩斜拉被吊裝物品。Fixture卡具Manufacturers specification. 根據(jù)廠家規(guī)格Never weld on hooks.不允許在吊鉤上焊接Work with safety latch. 吊裝使用安全插銷Hooks are designed to apply the l

22、oad at the bottom of the saddle. 吊鉤的載荷受力于鞍部底端LOADHooks 吊鉤Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝作業(yè)的基本安全知識 Staff and Responsibilities起重作業(yè)人員及其職責Staff and Responsibilities 起重作業(yè)人員及其職責 Crane operator 起重機司機 Signal man 信號員 Rigger 起重工 L&R supervisor 吊裝監(jiān)督員Signal Man 信號員Check with the rigger to ensure load i

23、s proper equipped before giving the signals. 在發(fā)出信號前和起重工確認，保證吊裝物體裝配得當。Give the clear and correct signals to crane operator 向起重機司機發(fā)出準確而清晰的信號。Staff and responsibilities 起重作業(yè)人員及其職責Rigger 起重工Inspect & guarantee that lifting devices are correctly chosen and used;檢查保證使用正確的起重器具。Check the rope knot-tying met

24、hod as well as sling angle to avoid sling over-load. 檢查繩結方法/吊索角度，避免出現(xiàn)繩索的過載.Ensure load stability. When object is 200-500mm above ground level, remain at that position for three to five minutes. Only after ensure object is stable enough then continue to proceed. 保證吊裝物體的穩(wěn)定性。當?shù)跷锏跗鹁嗟孛?00mm-500mm停止3到5分鐘，

25、確保物體穩(wěn)定后再繼續(xù)吊裝.Prevent lifted loose material from falling down and make sure spare parts/components are at same length. 防止吊起的松散材料落下；保證散件吊裝物的長短一致。Adopt correct wire rope lashing method. It is required that there are at least two suspension points for spare parts/components L&R.采用正確的捆綁方式,散件吊點不能少于2點。Adop

26、t proper lashing methods to avoid damage of wire rope knot during L&R. 在吊裝過程中采用合適的方法避免繩結損壞。Use guide-line according to L&R object height to lessen swing of objects. 根據(jù)吊裝物體的高度使用溜繩,避免物體的擺動。Staff and Responsibility 起重作業(yè)人員及其職責L&R Supervisor 吊裝監(jiān)督員Supervise and guarantee the L&R operation is carried out b

27、y the approved MS. 監(jiān)督并確保吊裝作業(yè)按照審核批準的吊裝方案實施.Make sure that crane operator is competent with training certificate. 保證讓培訓過且持有合格證書的的司機操作起重機。Make sure that rigger and signal man are competent. 保證讓有資質的起重工和信號員進行吊裝工作。Direct crane operator, rigger and signal man to take their own reponsibilities. 在安全吊裝過程中指揮起重

28、機司機、起重工和信號員各負其責。Adopt proper measures to avoid hazards once unsafe situation need to be reported. 一旦有不安全的情況報告，他應采取適當?shù)拇胧?。Ensure all the L&R safely operated. 保證所有吊裝操作都安全的執(zhí)行Staff and Responsibility 起重作業(yè)人員及其職責Distribution of Weight and Gravity Center as well Sling Connection 吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接Know the We

29、ight of the Load了解裝載的重量Use shipping ticket or other documentation as reference. 參照貨運單和其他文件中的數(shù)據(jù)Ensure lift calculations are correct 確保提升數(shù)據(jù)計算正確Make sure that load is within load rated capacity for boom length and load radius of crane. 確保荷載量是在懸臂長度和荷載半徑額定量之內(nèi)Crane is rated by the maximum weight it will l

30、ift at a minimum radius and minimum boom length the further from its centerpoint, the less it will lift. 吊車是以最大重量制定的額定量，它將以最小的半徑和最小的懸臂長度進行升降-距中心越遠，提升的重量越小Sling Angles吊角Sling Leg(s)吊繩Horizontal Angle水平夾角Horizontal Plane水平面LOAD Basic knowledge of Lifting SWL 吊裝安全工作負荷計算的基本知識How Horizontal Angle Affects

31、 Sling Capacity 1000 LBS1000 LBS1000 LBS1000 LBS500 LBS500 LBS577 LBS577 LBS707 LBS707 LBS1000 LBS1000 LBS90604530 Basic knowledge of Lifting SWL 吊裝安全工作負荷計算的基本知識Sling Angle Factor 吊角公式Where:L = Length of the sling. 繩索長度H = Height of the connection point from the horizontal plane of the load.連接點到水平吊物

32、的距離LHSling Angle Factor = L/H Basic knowledge of Lifting SWL 吊裝安全工作負荷計算的基本知識Traveling with a Load 行進裝載Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝安全知識Understand Hazard Types and Causes of Lifting & Rigging Work 了解起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝安全知識Understand Hazard Types and Cause

33、s of L & R 了解起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因Types of Hazards 危害種類Overturns 傾覆Falls 墜落Electrocution 觸電Compress 擠(壓)Struck-down 物體擊打Fire 火災Other hazards 其它傷害Hazards Types and Causes of L&R Work 起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因How Do Accidents Occur?事故是如何發(fā)生的？Instability unsecured load, load capacity exceeded, or ground not even or too s

34、oft 不穩(wěn)定性 - 裝載不穩(wěn)定、超載、或者是地面不達標或是土質過軟Lack of communication - the point of operation is too far from the crane operator or not in full view of the operator; 缺乏溝通 - 操作點距吊車司機過遠或是不能完全控制在司機的視野內(nèi)Lack of training 缺乏培訓Inadequate maintenance or inspection 維護不足或檢查不當Site Control of SOP-Lifting施工現(xiàn)場安全起重吊裝控制流程Knowled

35、ge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝安全知識 Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工現(xiàn)場安全起重吊裝控制流程Risk assessment風險評估Crane Inspection Check List吊車進場檢驗L&R MS Approval 吊裝方案審批Issuance of PTW簽發(fā)吊裝作業(yè)許可證Supervision at site 吊裝過程安全監(jiān)督Inspection after work finish 吊裝結束檢驗Site Inspection before start-up 施工前現(xiàn)場檢驗Categories and Requi

36、rements of site L&R operation 現(xiàn)場吊裝種類的范疇及相應要求 1, Normal lift 常規(guī)吊裝作業(yè) Executed as per SOP-Lifting, only with necessary records or paperwork accroding to site requirement ; 按照吊裝SOP（吊裝操作流程）進行，只需要按照現(xiàn)場要求，做必要的記錄或紙質文件； Normal lifts can only be performed by the dedicated operation team. In absence of signal m

37、an, rigger can perform his duty. 常規(guī)吊裝作業(yè)必須由指定的吊裝小組進行。在信號員不在場的情況下，起重工可行使信號員的功能.2, Hazardous lift 危險性吊裝Under the following situations, lifts are regarded as hazardous lifts 在下述情形下，視為危險性吊裝More than 30 tons, 30噸80% of crane capacity at proposed operation radius 在規(guī)定操作半徑下，被吊物重量達吊車負荷的80%Double lifts 使用兩臺吊車抬

38、吊設備Equipment need to be assembled at site prior to L&R operation 需要進行現(xiàn)場組對的設備吊裝Categories and Requirements of site L&R operation 現(xiàn)場吊裝種類的范疇及相應要求Requirements 要求: Full written Lifting Plan( including MS & Risk Assessment) approved by LF Safe Lifting Supervisor 拉法基吊裝安全工程師審批的全套書面吊裝計劃, 包括施工方案及風險評估 Norminat

39、ed team dedicated to that particular lift (number and tasks as per MS) 指定的吊裝隊伍負責某項特定的吊裝作業(yè)(數(shù)量及任務根據(jù)施工方案內(nèi)容) Record of pre-inspection / toolbox meeting / lifting operation record 吊裝前檢查記錄 / 班前會 / 吊裝工作記錄3, Large-scale lifts (more than 40 tons) 大型吊裝(重量大于40噸) Requirements 要求: Need documents mentioned in the

40、 second category in addition to special PTW for large-scale lifts. 上述2.中的所有條件, 以及大型吊裝作業(yè)許可證PTW Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工現(xiàn)場安全起重吊裝控制流程Risk Assessment風險評估表Risk Assessment - L & R風險評估表 Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工現(xiàn)場安全起重吊裝控制流程Crane Inspection Check List吊車進場檢驗 Crane Approach Inspection Check List吊 車

41、 進 場 檢 查 清 單 Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工現(xiàn)場安全起重吊裝控制流程Contractor submit L&R MS承包商提報吊裝方案Submission提交Review and Approval of L&R Method Statement(MS) 吊裝方案審核Lafarge L&R Supervisor Review & Approve MS拉法基吊裝安全工程師審核吊裝方案 Failed 未通過Site Preparation 進行現(xiàn)場吊裝作業(yè)準備Pass 通 過L&R MS Review Content 吊裝方案審核內(nèi)容MS is compil

42、ed as per valid version of standards, codes, regulations, etc.吊裝方案引用的標準規(guī)范、規(guī)程等必須是有效版本Key technical parameters 吊裝工藝參數(shù)Checking calculation of the strength and stability of the rigging, lifting lug and compensating beams etc.吊裝用索具、吊耳、平衡梁等的強度及穩(wěn)定性的驗算Checking calculation of the strength and stability of pa

43、rtial lift 吊物(局部)吊裝強度及穩(wěn)定性驗算Selection of main equipments/machinery 主要設備(機具)的選用Lifting layout plan (Warning area should not be less than proposed operation radius) 吊裝平面布置圖 (警戒區(qū)域不得小于吊裝的工作半徑)Labor 勞動力組織Organization chart 組織機構 Safety technical measurement 安全技術措施Identify and evaluate hazards, risk assessm

44、ent and safety prediction scheme. 主要危險源的識別與風險評估、安全預案 Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工現(xiàn)場安全起重吊裝控制流程 Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工現(xiàn)場安全起重吊裝控制流程Self-check AndCross inspection承包商吊前自檢、互檢合格Submission提交Site inspection before lift start-up 施工前現(xiàn)場檢驗Lafarge L&R Supervisor confirmation before start-up拉法基吊裝安全工程師進行吊

45、裝前的安全確認Failed 未通過Release PTWforL & R頒發(fā)吊裝作業(yè)許可證Pass 通 過 Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工現(xiàn)場安全起重吊裝控制流程Site Inspection before lifting & Rigging 施工前現(xiàn)場檢驗 Check List prior to Crane Operation起 重 吊 裝 前 安 全 檢 查 表 PTW for Lifting & Rigging吊 裝 作 業(yè) 許 可 證 Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工現(xiàn)場安全起重吊裝控制流程 Supervision during

46、 L&R 吊裝過程監(jiān)督管理Crane operator is at where he should be ; 從事吊裝作業(yè)人員應在規(guī)定的工作位置上。Machinery and sling should be in good condition ; 機械設備、索具應處于完好狀態(tài)。Avoid “striking” during the course and maintain the stability of lifting object ; 吊裝過程應消除“沖擊”現(xiàn)象，吊升過程吊物應保持平穩(wěn)Protection facilities and warning signs are complete;

47、吊裝過程中防護(保護)設施、警示標志齊全完備。Environmental situation meets the requirement of L&R ; 環(huán)境因素應滿足吊裝要求。The distance between the lifting and boom, surroundings shall be200mm and the inclination angle of hook 3in case of ratation of object. 在吊物旋轉過程中, 吊物與吊臂、吊物與周圍設施距離200mm，吊鉤偏角3。Round-off work after L&R 吊裝工作結束管理Remo

48、ve the protective facilities and carry to the specified location ; 吊裝人員應按規(guī)定拆除(移走)防護設施(設備)，并堆放在指定位置Removal or restoration of the L&R machinery and equipment as requested ; 吊裝人員應按規(guī)定恢復、移開(拆除)吊裝用機械及設備Clear up the rigging, underbed and other material and make site clean ; 及時整理吊裝用索具、墊物、清理施工現(xiàn)場Take back PTW

49、 for L & R . 交回吊裝工作許可證 Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工現(xiàn)場安全起重吊裝控制流程Summary and Discussion 總結與討論Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊裝安全知識Case Analysis 典型案例分析沒有打滿腿Outrigger not extend entirelyCase Analysis 典型案例分析支撐或枕木分散負載枕木之間不能有縫隙Wrong support 錯誤的支撐Case Analysis 典型案例分析Selection of timber and steel pl

50、ate 枕木及鋼板的選擇 Steel plate 鋼板 The area of the steel plate should be at least four times of outrigger. 鋼板面積至少是吊車支撐腿的4倍大。 The thickness of steel plate is at least 20mm. 鋼板厚度至少20mm。Timber 枕木The area of the timber should be at least four times of outrigger.枕木的面積至少是吊車支撐腿的4倍大。Case Analysis 典型案例分析不正確Case Ana

51、lysis 典型案例分析不正確Case Analysis 典型案例分析不正確Case Analysis 典型案例分析不正確Case Analysis 典型案例分析不正確Case Analysis 典型案例分析不正確Case Analysis 典型案例分析不正確Case Analysis 典型案例分析不正確Case Analysis 典型案例分析正確Case Analysis 典型案例分析正確Safety First 安全第一Summary and Discussion 總結與討論FATAL ACCIDENT NEWSFLASH 關于一起死亡事故的簡短報道DEATH OF A DRIVER DE

52、LIVERING GOODS FOR OUR CONTRACTOR CBMI AT THE HIMA RWENZORI PROJECT SITE UGANDA 在烏干達魯文佐里山的喜馬項目現(xiàn)場，一名吊車司機在為拉法基的承包商中材建公司運送貨物的過程中身亡兩個罐的位置Safety First 安全第一FATAL ACCIDENT NEWSFLASH 關于一起死亡事故的簡短報道At about 8.00 a.m., Stephen parked his truck in the CBMI storage and unloading area. The trucks cargo consisted

53、of 9 meter long steel structures and two tanks seated on tires on the platform at the front of the trailer.大約早晨8點，斯蒂芬將他的卡車停放在中材建的貯存和卸貨區(qū)域。卡車里貨物包括9米長的鋼結構和兩個坐落在拖車前部平臺輪胎上的罐。While the CBMI unloading team (a crane driver, a rigger and two local helpers) were starting to prepare to lift the steel structures, Stephen and his turn boy released the latches on both tanks without instruction from CBMI. 當中材建卸貨小組（一個吊車司機，一個起重工和兩個當?shù)氐闹ぃ蕚涞跹b鋼結構時，斯蒂芬和他的助手