新加坡地理經(jīng)濟(jì)文化英語(yǔ)介紹-Singapore

1、新加坡地理經(jīng)濟(jì)濟(jì)文化英語(yǔ)介介紹新加坡共和國(guó)RRepubllic off SinggaporeeSingapoore, oofficiially the RRepubllic off Singgaporee, is an issland counttry loocatedd at tthe sooutherrn tipp of tthe Maalay PPeninssula. It liies 1337 killometrres (885 mi) nortth of the eequatoor, soouth oof thee Malaaysiann statte of Johorr and n

2、orthh of IIndoneesiass Riauu Islaands. At 7007.1 kkm2 (2273.0 sq mii), Siingapoore iss one of foour reemainiing trrue ciity-sttates in thhe worrld. IIt is the ssmalleest naation in Sooutheaast Assia. PPrior to Euuropeaan setttlemeent, tthe issland now kknown as Siingapoore waas thee sitee of aa Mala

3、ay fisshing villaage att the mouthh of tthe Siingapoore Riiver. Severral huundredd indiigenouus Oraang Laaut peeople also livedd alonng thee nearrby cooast, riverrs andd on ssmalleer isllands. In 11819 tthe Brritishh Eastt Indiia Commpany estabblisheed a ttradinng posst on the iislandd, whiich waas

4、useed theereaftter ass a sttrateggic trradingg postt alonng thee spicce rouute.44 Sinngaporre wouuld beecome one oof thee mostt impoortantt commmerciaal andd miliitary centrres off the Britiish Emmpire, and the hhub off Brittish ppower in Sooutheaast Assia. TThe ciity waas occcupiedd by tthe Jaapane

5、sse durring WWorld War III, whhich WWinstoon Chuurchilll callled Britaains greattest ddefeatt.5 Singgaporee reveerted to Brritishh rulee immeediateely poostwarr, in 1945. Eighhteen yearss lateer thee cityy, havving aachievved inndepenndencee fromm Brittain, mergeed witth Mallaya, Sabahh and Sarawwak

6、 too formm Malaaysia. Howeever, less than two yyears laterr it ssecedeed froom thee fedeeratioon andd becaame ann indeependeent reepubliic on 9 Auggust 11965. Singaapore joineed thee Unitted Naationss on 221 Sepptembeer thaat samme yeaar. Itt is aalso aa membber off the Commoonweallth off Natiions.

7、Sincee indeependeence, Singaapores staandardd of llivingg has been on thhe risse. Fooreignn direect innvestmment aand a statee-led drivee to iindusttrialiisatioon bassed onn planns draawn upp by tthe Duutch eeconommist AAlbertt Winssemiuss havee creaated aa modeern ecconomyy focuused oon eleectronni

8、cs mmanufaacturiing, ppetrocchemiccals, touriism annd finnanciaal serrvicess alonngsidee tradditionnal enntrept traade.ccitatiion neeeded Singgaporee is tthe 5tth weaalthieest coountryy in tthe woorld iin terrms off GDP (PPP) per capitta.6 Thiss smalll nattion hhas fooreignn exchhange reserrves oof

9、morre thaan US$177 bbillioon.7 The popullationn of SSingappore iis appproximmatelyy 4.844 milllion.2 Thhough Singaapore is hiighly cosmoopolittan annd divverse, ethnnic Chhinesee formm the majorrity oof thee popuulatioon. Ennglishh is tthe addminisstratiive laanguagge of the ccountrry. Thhe Connstit

10、uution of thhe Reppublicc of SSingappore eestabllishedd the natioons ppolitiical ssystemm as aa reprresenttativee demoocracyy, whiile thhe couuntry is reecogniised aas a pparliaamentaary reepubliic.8 The Peoplles AActionn Partty (PAAP) doominattes thhe polliticaal proocess and hhas woon conntrol of

11、Paarliamment iin eveery ellectioon.新加坡自然地理理Naturre Geoographhy 1位于東南亞，是是馬來(lái)西亞半半島最南端的的一個(gè)熱帶城城市島國(guó)。面面積為6933平方公里，北北隔柔佛海峽峽與馬來(lái)西亞亞為鄰，有長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)堤與馬來(lái)西西亞的 HYPERLINK /view/77220.htm 新山相通，南南隔新加坡海海峽與 HYPERLINK /view/2680.htm 印度尼尼西亞相望。Singapoore phhysicaal geoographhy is locatted att Souttheastt Asiaa, is a Penninsullar M

12、aalaysiia mosst souuth tiip of tropiics ciity issland counttry. TThe arrea iss 693 squarre killometeers, nnorth separrates the JJohoree channnel aand Maalaysiia is the nneighbbour, has tthe caausewaay andd Malaaysias Johhore iis intterlinnked, southh sepaaratess the Singaapore channnel annd Inddones

13、iia facces onne anoother新加坡國(guó)名由來(lái)來(lái)How DDid Siingapoore Geet Itss Namee2加坡是一個(gè)城市市國(guó)家，原意意為“ HYPERLINK /view/767080.htm 獅城”。據(jù)馬馬來(lái)史籍記載載，公元11150年左右右， HYPERLINK /view/190401.htm 蘇門(mén)答臘臘的室利佛逝逝王國(guó)王子盤(pán)盤(pán)那乘船到達(dá)達(dá)此島，看見(jiàn)見(jiàn)一頭猛獸，當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)厝烁嬷獮闉?HYPERLINK /view/17211.htm 獅子，遂有“獅獅城”之稱。新新加坡是梵語(yǔ)語(yǔ)“獅城”之之諧音，由于于當(dāng)?shù)鼐用袷苁苡《任幕坝绊戄^深，喜喜歡用梵語(yǔ)作作為地名。而而獅

14、子具有勇勇猛、雄健的的特征，故以以此作為地名名是很自然的的事。過(guò)去 HYPERLINK /view/10515.htm 華華僑多稱其為為“息辣”，即即馬來(lái)語(yǔ)“海海峽”的意思思，也有因其其小而將之稱稱為星洲、 HYPERLINK /view/1011715.htm 星星島的。圖為新加坡的的標(biāo)志與象征征魚(yú)尾獅獅塑像和“新加坡國(guó)國(guó)父”-李光耀。Singaapore is a city statee, thee origginal intenntion is “SSingappore”. Accoordingg to MMalayaa the histooricall recoords rrecord

15、d, aboout 11150, SSumatrras rroom aadvanttage BBuddhaa passsed kiingdomm prinnce pllate tthat tto go by booat too arriive att thiss islaand, ssaw a beastt of pprey, the nnativee to iinformm for the llion, then had “SSingappore” the nname. Singaapore is Paali “SSingappore” the hharmonnics, becauuse t

16、hhe loccal reesidennt is been deep the IIndiann cultture iinflueence, likess takiing thhe geoographhic naame wiith Paali. BBut thhe lioon hass, thee vigoorous charaacteriistic fierccely, thereefore by thhis acchieveement geogrraphicc namee is tthe veery naaturall mattter. IIn thee pastt overrseas Ch

17、ineese muulti-nname iit “thhe Sinngaporre”, nnamelyy Malaay “chhannell” meaaning, alsoo had becauuse off its slighhtly, but wwill bbe callled SSingappore, Sing Tao. The cchart makess an iidol ffor Siingapoores symbool andd the symboolic - - fiish taail liion wiith “tthe Siingapoore faather”-Leee Kua

18、nn Yew.面積Area measuuremennt：為693平平方公里6993 squuare kkilomeeters t 33首都Capittal：新加加坡（Sinngaporre）獨(dú)立日Indeependeence DDay：8月9日（11965年）官方語(yǔ)言offficiall langguage： HYPERLINK /view/1458.htm 英語(yǔ)、 HYPERLINK /view/1711.htm 漢語(yǔ)、馬來(lái)語(yǔ)語(yǔ)、泰米爾語(yǔ)語(yǔ)Engliish, CChinesse, Maalay, Tamill langguage行政用語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 漢語(yǔ)（22006年起起漢語(yǔ)也可作作為政府行政政

19、語(yǔ)言）Addminisstratiive teerminoology: Engllish CChinesse (inn 20066 Chinnese mmay allso taake goovernmment aadminiistrattion llanguaage國(guó)家格言：Maajulahh Singgapuraa（前進(jìn)吧，新新加坡” Advannce, SSingappore國(guó)歌：Majuulah SSingappura 前前進(jìn)吧，新加加坡Advaance, Singaapore國(guó)語(yǔ)Natioonal llanguaage：馬來(lái)語(yǔ)Mallay國(guó)花natioonal fflowerr：以一種

20、名為為 HYPERLINK /view/416863.htm 卓錦萬(wàn)代代蘭的 HYPERLINK /view/709787.htm 胡姬花為 HYPERLINK /view/30082.htm 國(guó)花。東南亞亞通稱 HYPERLINK /view/4244.htm 蘭花為胡姬花花。卓錦萬(wàn)萬(wàn)代蘭是由卓卓錦女士培植植而成，花朵朵清麗端莊、生生命力特強(qiáng)，它它象征新加坡坡人的氣質(zhì)和和刻苦耐勞、果果敢?jiàn)^斗的精精神。這種淺淺紫紅色的美美麗蘭花有四四個(gè)花瓣，象象征各民族及及英語(yǔ)、華語(yǔ)語(yǔ)、馬來(lái)語(yǔ)、 HYPERLINK /view/474482.htm 泰米爾語(yǔ)4大語(yǔ)系。Take onne kinnd of na

21、medd outsstandiing brrocadee throoughouut thee agess bluee Hu JJihua as thhe nattionall flowwer. SSoutheeast AAsia ggeneriic terrm orcchid iis Hu Jihuaa. Thee outsstandiing brrocadee bluee is tthrougghout the aages ccultivvates by Mss. Zhuuo Jinn becoomes, the fflowerrs simmple aand beeautifful sool

22、emn, the vitallity iis exttra-heeavy, it syymboliizes SSingapporeann perssons makinngs annd enddures hardsships, the couraageouss struuggle spiriit. Thhis kiind off shalllow ppurplee reds beaautifuul orcchid hhas foour fllower petalls, syymboliizes vvariouus nattionallitiess and Engliish, CChinesse,

23、 Maalay, the TTamil languuage 44 big languuage ffamiliies.政要Poliiticiaans 44 HYPERLINK /view/1034371.htm 內(nèi)閣資政 HYPERLINK /view/7341.htm 李光耀耀，19655年新加坡獨(dú)獨(dú)立后，長(zhǎng)期期擔(dān)任總理，11990年111月辭去總總理的職務(wù)，改改任內(nèi)閣資政政。國(guó)務(wù)資政政 HYPERLINK /view/153468.htm 吳作棟(Gooh Chook Tonng)，19990年111月至20004年8月任任新加坡第二二任總理。現(xiàn)現(xiàn)任總理 HYPERLINK /view/91

24、621.htm 李顯顯龍，2004年年8月12日日宣誓就職，成成為新加坡第第三任總理，112月當(dāng)選 HYPERLINK /view/465535.htm 新新加坡人民行行動(dòng)黨新一任任秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)，22006年55月再次當(dāng)選選新加坡總理理，5月300日宣誓就職職總統(tǒng) HYPERLINK /view/157862.htm 納丹，于19999年8月188日當(dāng)選為新新加坡共和國(guó)國(guó)總統(tǒng)，9月月1日正式宣宣誓就職，22005年99月連任。MMain ppointss of aadminiistrattion PPolitiicianss cabiinet ppresiddentiaal polliticaal

25、advviser Lee KKuan YYew, aafter in 19965 Siingapoore inndepenndencee, is premiier foor a llong ttime, in 19990 Noovembeer ressignedd fromm premmierss dutyy, chaanged to a new ppost tthe caabinett pressidenttial ppolitiical aadviseer. Sttate aaffairr pressidenttial ppolitiical aadviseer Gohh Chokk To

26、ngg (Gohh Chokk Tongg), waas apppointeed thee Singgaporee secoond prremierr Noveember, 19900 to AAugustt, 20004. Inncumbeent Prremierr Lee Hsienn Loonng, onn Auguust 122, 20004 wass sworrn, beecomess the Singaapore thirdd premmier, in Deecembeer wass eleccted aas thee Singgaporee peopple too movee p

27、artty neww secrretaryy geneeral, in Maay, 20006 waas eleected as Siingapoore prremierr oncee moree, on May 330 is swornn in PPresiddent NNadan, was electted inn Auguust 188, 19999 as Singaapore Repubblic ppresiddent, on Seeptembber 1 is swworn iin offficiallly, iin Sepptembeer, 20005 coontinuues.經(jīng)濟(jì)E

28、conoomic 5 經(jīng)濟(jì)以五大部門(mén)門(mén)為主：商業(yè)業(yè)、制造業(yè)、建建筑業(yè)、金融融業(yè)、交通和和通訊業(yè)。工工業(yè)主要包括括制造業(yè)和建建筑業(yè)。制造造業(yè)產(chǎn)品主要要包括電子產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品、化學(xué)與與化學(xué)產(chǎn)品、機(jī)機(jī)械設(shè)備、交交通設(shè)備、石石油產(chǎn)品、煉煉油等部門(mén)。是是世界第三大大煉油中心。農(nóng)農(nóng)業(yè)在國(guó)民經(jīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)中所占比比例不到1，主要有家家禽飼養(yǎng)和水水產(chǎn)業(yè)。糧食食全部靠進(jìn)口口，蔬菜自產(chǎn)產(chǎn)僅占5，絕絕大部分從馬馬來(lái)西亞、中中國(guó)、印度尼尼西亞和澳大大利亞進(jìn)口。服服務(wù)業(yè)為經(jīng)濟(jì)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的龍頭頭產(chǎn)業(yè)。包括括零售與批發(fā)發(fā)貿(mào)易、 HYPERLINK /view/49246.htm 飯店店旅游、交通通與電訊、金金融服務(wù)、商商業(yè)服務(wù)等。Econom

29、y by five departments primarily: Trade, manufacturing industry, architecture industry, financial industry, transportation and communication industry. The industry mainly includes the manufacturing industry and the architecture industry. The manufacturing industry product mainly includes departments

30、and so on electronic products, chemistry and chemicals, mechanical device, traffic facilities, petroleum product, refinery. Is the world third big refinery center. The agriculture accounts for the proportion in the national economy less than 1%, mainly has the raising of poultry and the aquatic prod

31、ucts industry. The grain depends on the import completely, the vegetables from produces only accounts for 5%, the major part from Malaysia, China, Indonesia and Australia imports. Service industry for economic growth leading industry. Including retail sales and wholesale trade, hotel traveling, tran

32、sportation and telecommunication, financial service, commercial service and so on.貨幣 Currrency HYPERLINK /view/26698.htm 貨幣為新加坡元元（SGD），11元等于1000分。紙幣幣面值有2元元、5元、110元、500元、1000元、5000元、10000元、100000元；硬幣有5分分、10分、220分、500分、1元。The currrencyy for the SSingappore ddollarr (SGDD), 1 Yuan is eqqual tto 1000 po

33、innts. TThe paaper mmoney face valuee has 2 Yuaan, 5 Yuan, 10 YYuan, 50 Yuuan, 1100 Yuuan, 5500 Yuuan, 11000 YYuan, 100000 Yuann; Thee coinn has 5 poiint, 110 poiint, 220 poiint, 550 poiint, 11 Yuann.新加坡共和國(guó)的的教育：Thhe eduucatioon of Repuublic of Siingapoore 新加坡教教育制度類(lèi)似似英國(guó)式制度度，除了各語(yǔ)語(yǔ)文類(lèi)科外，均均以英語(yǔ)為媒媒介語(yǔ)言。一一般修

34、讀完十十到十一年的的中小學(xué)后能能選擇到初級(jí)級(jí)學(xué)院、高中中或理工學(xué)院院就讀，前兩兩者半數(shù)以上上能升上國(guó)內(nèi)內(nèi)大學(xué)。新加加坡有五所理理工學(xué)院與三三所大專學(xué)府府，其中新加加坡國(guó)立大學(xué)學(xué)與南洋理工工大學(xué)都是亞亞洲頗具盛名名的學(xué)府。新新加坡每年吸吸引不少來(lái)自自中國(guó)各地區(qū)區(qū)和馬來(lái)西亞亞等地的留學(xué)學(xué)生前來(lái)升學(xué)學(xué)，令該國(guó)成成為亞洲的區(qū)區(qū)域教育樞紐紐。新加坡教教育制度常被被批評(píng)為過(guò)分分依賴制式教教材，不鼓勵(lì)勵(lì)個(gè)人獨(dú)立思思想空間，強(qiáng)強(qiáng)調(diào)以考試方方式的區(qū)別學(xué)學(xué)生素質(zhì)（升升學(xué)至上主義義），貶低其其他的學(xué)習(xí)方方式及職業(yè)的的貢獻(xiàn)，新加加坡本土電影影小孩不笨笨即以討論論該制度可能能扼殺其他新新加坡各類(lèi)型型人才發(fā)展，及及因個(gè)人

35、無(wú)獨(dú)獨(dú)立思考的習(xí)習(xí)慣將無(wú)法回回應(yīng)社會(huì)變遷遷挑戰(zhàn)為電影影主題。Thhe eduucatioon of Repubblic oof Sinngaporre Thee Singgaporee educcationnal syystem is siimilarr the Britiish tyype syystem, besiides vvariouus lannguagees claass brranch, takee Engllish aas meddium llanguaage. AAfter generrally studiies teen to 11 yeear ellementtary a

36、and miiddle schoools, ccan chhoose the CCommunnity ccollegge, thhe higgh schhool oor thee Techhnicall insttitutee goess studdy, fiirst bboth mmore tthan hhalf ccan riise thhe dommesticc univversitty. Siingapoore haas fivve Tecchnicaal insstituttes wiith thhree ttechniical ccollegge schhools, the Sin

37、gaapore Natioonal UUniverrsity and tthe sooutherrn coaastal proviinces Univeersityy of SSciencce andd Techhnologgy aree Asiaa havee the greatt repuutatioon schhool. Singaapore attraacts eevery year many from placees thee suchh as CChinesse varrious areass and Malayysia fforeiggn stuudentss comees to

38、 enterr a hiigher schoool, maakes tthis ccountrry to becomme Asiias rregionn to eeducatte thee key posittion. The SSingappore eeducattionall systtem iss ofteen criiticizzed too relyy on eexcesssivelyy the serviice paatternn teacching materrial, does not eencourrage iindiviidual indeppendennt thoough

39、t spacee, strressedd thatt takees a ttest tthe waay diffferennce sttudentt quallity (to ennter aa highher scchool supreeme prrincipple), dispaaragess otheer stuudy waay andd the occuppationn conttributtion, the SSingappore nnativee placce movvie CChild not SStupidd nammely ddiscussses tthis ssystemm

40、 posssibly to sttranglle othher Siingapoore vaariouss typees tallentedd persson too deveelop, becauuse annd inddividuual noot inddependdent tthinkiings custoom willl be unablle to respoond thhe soccial cchangee challlengee for the mmovie subjeect. The eearlieest knnown mmentioon of Singaapore was aa

41、 3rd centuury Chhinesee accoount wwhich descrribed Singaapore as PPu-luoo-chunng (islannd at the eend off a peeninsuula). Litttle iss knowwn aboout thhe isllandss histtory aat thaat timme butt thiss mattter-off-factt desccriptiion beelies Singaapores collourfuul passt.By the 114th ccenturry, Siingap

42、oore haad beccome ppart oof thee mighhty Srri Vijjayan empirre andd was knownn as TTemaseek (SSea Toown). Locaated aat thee natuural mmeetinng poiint off sea routees at the ttip off the Malayy Peniinsulaa, Sinngaporre hadd longg knowwn vissits ffrom aa widee variiety oof seaa crafft, frrom Chhinesee

43、 junkks, Inndian vesseels, AArab ddhows and PPortugguese battlleshipps to Buginnese sschoonners.DDuringg the 11th centuury, tthis ssmall but sstrateegicallly-pllaced islannd hadd earnned a new nname - Sinnga Puura (Lionn Cityy). AAccordding tto leggend, a vissitingg Sri Vijayyan prrince saw aan anii

44、mal hhe misstook for aa lionn and Singaapores moddern dday naame waas borrn.Thee Brittish pprovidded thhe nexxt nottable chaptter inn the Singaapore storyy. Durring tthe 188th ceenturyy, theey saww the need for aa straategicc hallfway housee to refitt, feeed andd prottect tthe flleet oof theeir grro

45、wingg empiire, aas welll as to foorestaall anny advvancess by tthe Duutch iin thee regiion. IIt wass agaiinst tthis ppolitiical bbackdrrop thhat Siir Staamfordd Rafffles eestabllishedd Singgaporee as aa tradding sstatioon. Thhe pollicy oof freee traade atttractted meerchannts frrom alll oveer Asiia

46、andd fromm as ffar affield as thhe US and tthe Miiddle East. Byy 18244, jusst fivve yeaars affter tthe fooundinng of moderrn Sinngaporre, thhe poppulatiion haad groown frrom a mere 150 tto 10,000.IIn 18332, Siingapoore beecame the ccentree of ggovernnment for tthe Sttraitss Setttlemennts off Penaang

47、, MMalaccca andd Singgaporee. Thee openning oof thee Suezz Canaal in 1869 and tthe addvent of teelegraaph annd steeamshiip inccreaseed Sinngaporres iimporttance as a centrre forr the expannding tradee betwween EEast aand Weest.Siingapoore haad beeen thee sitee of mmilitaary acction in thhe 14tth cen

48、ntury when it beecame embrooiled in thhe strrugglee for the MMalay Peninnsula betweeen Siiam (nnow Thhailannd), aand thhe Javva-bassed Maajapahhit Emmpire.Five centuuries laterr, it was aagain the sscene of siignifiicant fightting dduringg Worlld Warr II. Singaapore was cconsiddered an immpregnnable

49、 fortrress, but tthe Jaapanesse oveerran the iislandd in 11942. Afterr the war, Singaapore becamme a CCrown Colonny. Thhe groowth oof nattionallism lled too selff-goveernmennt in 1959 and oon 9 AAugustt 19655, Sinngaporre beccame aan inddependdent rrepubllic.Iff therre is one wword tthat bbest ccapturres Siingapoore, iit is “uniqque”. A dynnamic city rich in coontrasst andd coloour, yyoulll findd a haarmoniious bblend of cuulturee, cuiisine, artss and archiitectuure heere. BBrimmiing wiith unn