簡單句的五大基本句型(高一級用)課件

1、 句子結構分類 簡單句 Simple Sentences 含有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）的句子 并列句 Compound Sentences 包含兩個或兩個以上主謂結構的句子且句子之間有并列連詞and/but等或用分號連接 復合句 Complex Sentences 包含一個主句和一個從句或一個主句和多個從句的句子，且從句用從屬連詞引導 簡單句 含有一個主語（或并列主簡單句基本句型 Basic Sentence Patterns 簡單句基本句型 Basic Sentence Pattern 英語句子有長有短，有簡有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，似乎千變?nèi)f化，難以捉摸，但從實質(zhì)看，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其

2、內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，找出其共同規(guī)律。英語句子的基本結構可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結構的基礎。英語五種基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： + （主謂） 基本句型二： + + （主系表） 基本句型三： + + （主謂賓） 基本句型四： + +IO +（主謂間賓直賓） 基本句型五： + + +（主謂賓賓補） 1.主語+系動詞+表語（ S+Link.V+P ） 此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語特征、類屬、狀態(tài)、身份的表語構成復合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。最常見的是be動詞，b

3、e本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義。1.主語+系動詞+表語（ S+Link.V+P ）最常見的是 其 它系 動詞狀態(tài)：seem, appear, prove - 感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look -變化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow - 持續(xù)：remain, stay, keep, continue - 其 它狀態(tài)：seem, appear, （系動詞）(表語)1. This 2. The dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. The book 7. Th

4、e weather 8. His face is smells(聞)felt looks is is becameturned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warmer. red. （系動詞）(表語)1. This is an Englbeautifulsurprisedtoareseemswent Correct mistakes:1. Her voice sounds beautifully.2. The whole company was surprising at

5、 the news. 3. To see is believe.4. It seem like a good idea.5. The lights still on.6. All the potatoes changed bad.7. Jim was remained a worker.beautifulsurprisedtoareseems鞏固練習：1冬季白天短，夜晚長2十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。 3孩子們很少保持安靜。 4她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of

6、fifteen, he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.鞏固練習：In winter, the days are s5他失業(yè)了。 6樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了7這個報告聽起來很有意思He is out of work. The leaves have turned yellow.The report sounds interesting5他失業(yè)了。 He is out of work. The1. As in China, the

7、 weather is different from area to area.主系表句型的幾個特例：2. We are greatly surprised to meet him there.3. It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers.4. It is kind of you to say so.5. It is not easy for them to go there by bike.6. Is it Tom who is playing the piano?7. It is a fact that the

8、y cant pass the exam.1. As in China, the weather is2.主語+不及物動詞 ( S + Vi. )Our school lies in the center of Jinshi.注：不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。 The car accident was happened yesterday.2.主語+不及物動詞 ( S + Vi. )Our schoThe red sun rises. The large room on the second floor is Marys.2. The red sun rises in the east. The

9、 manager had already left when I telephoned.主語可有修飾語-定語 謂語可有修飾語-狀語 本結構是由主語加不及物的謂語動詞構成, 常用來表示主語的動作。 如：The sun rises. The red sun rises. 2. The red 翻譯練習：1. 你應當努力學習。 2. 她昨天回家很晚。 3. 那天早上我們談了很多。 4. 會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。 5. 在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 You should study hard. She went home very late yesterday evening. That

10、 morning we talked a great deal. The meeting will last two hours. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 翻譯練習：1. 你應當努力學習。You should stu3.主語+及物動詞+賓語（S+Vt+O） I like my job very much. What do you want to be in the future ? Each of you has a dream . 注：及物動詞可用于被動語態(tài)A great de

11、al of water is used by people in that city.People use a great deal of water in that city.（主動語態(tài)）（被動語態(tài)）3.主語+及物動詞+賓語（S+Vt+O） I li主謂賓結構 2 S十V十O句式2 此結構中的謂語動詞常常是動詞詞組,分兩種情況: 1.及物動詞+副詞， 2.不及物動詞+介詞。1.含有away, out, forward, up 等副詞的動詞詞組是可拆分的。如，They carried out the plan successfully. （或They carried the plan out

12、successfully. 但：As the plan was practical, they carried it out successfully.動副詞組都可以這樣用，如，point out（指出）, carry out（執(zhí)行）, put forward（提出）, work out（做出，算出）, find out（找出）, give up（放棄）, give away（贈送，分發(fā)）,pick up（揀起）, put up（掛上）, 等。 主謂賓結構 2 S十V十O句式2 此結構中的謂語動詞常常2. 而含有介詞 at, for, from, into, of, with, to 等的動介

13、詞組是不可拆分的。 如，look after（照顧）, look at（瞧）, look for（尋找）, belong to（屬于）, refer to（參考，提及）, think of（考慮，評價）, send for（派人去請）, care for（喜歡）,suffer from（受之苦）, deal with(對付，應付), object to（反對）, pay for（付的錢）,等。即我們只能說think of it,不能說think it of.2. 而含有介詞 at, for, from, into, 3.in 在動詞詞組中用作副詞，表示“在里面”，“往里進”，“在家”等意思。

14、如，get in(收割),hand in（提交，交進）。用作介詞，表示“在地點”， “在范圍”， “在方面”。 如，persist in(堅持)，succeed in (在成功)。3.in 在動詞詞組中用作副詞，表示“在里面”，“往里進”，4.Off在動詞詞組中 用作副詞，表示“關閉”，“隔離，離開”，“去掉”，等意思。 如，turn off（關掉）, switch off（關掉）, ring off（掛斷電話）, keep off（遠離）, take off(脫掉）, kick off（踢脫）, carry off（運走）, put off（推遲）, pay off（付清）,give off

15、（放出).用作介詞，表示“從下來”。 如，get off（下車）, fall off（從掉下來）.4.Off在動詞詞組中 用作副詞，表示“關閉”，“隔離，離開5.On 在動詞詞組中用作副詞，表示“開”，“走開”，“傳遞”，“穿戴”。 如，turn on(開),move on（走開）, pass on（傳遞）, put on（穿上）, have on（穿著）.1. 表示“在上”，“在方面”。 如，work on（從事于）, operate on（在上動手術）, agree on（同意）。2.表示“上車，上船，上”, 如,get on（上車，上船）,ride on（騎上）。3.表示“依靠”，“以為

16、基礎”， “按照”， 如，depend on（依靠）,base on（以為基礎）, feed on（以為食）, live on（以為生計）.用作介詞5.On 在動詞詞組中用作副詞，表示“開”，如，turn o6.Over在動詞詞組中用作副詞， 1）表示“翻轉(zhuǎn)”，“翻倒”， 如， turn over（打翻，翻倒）,push over（推倒）.2）表示“過一遍”，“仔細”，“遍及”， 如，think over（仔細考慮）,look over（仔細查看，研究）.用作介詞，1）表示“從上越過”， 如，fly over（從上飛過）, jump over（從上跳過）.go over(越過，橫過)。 2）表

17、示“為了”，“由于”， 如，quarrel over（為爭吵）,cry over（因哭泣）. 3）表示“查看”，“復習”，“檢查”， go over 6.Over在動詞詞組中用作副詞，如， turn over（附：許多由及物動詞+名詞+介詞構成的三詞動詞詞組也要跟賓語，如： pay attention to（注意）, catch hold of（抓住，握?。? catch sight of（看見，發(fā)現(xiàn)）,do harm to（對有害）, get rid of（排除，除去）, make fun of（取笑，嘲笑）,put (ones) heart into（專心于）, say hello to（

18、打招呼）, sing praise for（贊揚，表揚）,take care of（照顧）, take part in（參加）, take pride in（以自豪，驕傲）。附：許多由及物動詞+名詞+介詞構成的三詞動詞詞組也要跟賓語，1.Is this raincoat yours? No, mine_ there behind the door. is hanging B. is hung C. hangs D. was hung Exercises:2. _ your head, and youll see the sun_ now. Raise; rising Raise; raisin

19、g C. To raise, rising D. Lift; being risen 1.Is this raincoat yours? 3. More than a dozen students in that school_ abroad to study medicine last year. （2005年上海） A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent4. The heros story_ differently in the newspaper. （2005年全國I、II） A. was reported B. was rep

20、orting C. Reports D. reported 3. More翻譯練習：1.我不信任那個人。 2.他指出了我的作文中的錯誤。 3.圣誕節(jié)我們將去看望外籍教師。 4. 你們必須在課后把練習本交上來。 I dont believe in(介) that man. He pointed out（副） the mistakes in my composition. On Christmas Day, we will call on（介）our foreign teachers. You must hand in（副） your exercise-books after class. 翻譯練

21、習：I dont believe in(介) tha4.主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 (S+Vt+Oi+Od) Who can find the eraser for me? Pass the eraser to me. bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask, buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, sing, save等。常跟雙賓語的動詞：Who can find me the eraser?Pass me the eraser

22、.4.主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 Who can f翻譯練習：Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。2. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事3. Mary把錢包交給校長了。4. 請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？5. 他把車票給列車員看。Mr Johnson taught us German last year. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. Would you please pass me the dictionary? He showed t

23、he ticket to the conductor. 翻譯練習：Mr Johnson taught us Germ We saw him jump into the box.We saw them dancing.We saw him knocked down.5.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓補(S+Vt+O+C) 注：可用作賓補的詞有：名詞、形容詞、 副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞。We saw him jump into the box.WExercises:Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth. （2004年天津） A. run

24、 B. running C. being run D. to run2. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it_ often enough. （2005年天津） A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explainedExercises:Dont leave the wate3. My daughter encouraged_ a summer course to improve my writing skills.（2004年北京） A. for me taking B. me takin