常見附加條款的表述方式

1、格式合同條款不可避免地帶有偏袒傾向，為了平衡雙方利益，合同當(dāng)事人通常在格式合RIDER 決于談判雙方的地位與談判技巧。常見的承租人附加條款有：1） FOB買方要求出租人對提單記載負(fù)責(zé)條款出租人提單下的責(zé)任由相關(guān)的提單法律所管轄。如海牙維斯比規(guī)則規(guī)定提單在托運（CONCLUSIVE 對牙維斯比規(guī)則的保護。于是承租人便在租約中追加條款來保護自己。這種條款常這么規(guī)定：“THE OWRS OF THE VSL ARE TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DELIVERY OF SAME NUMBER OF PARCELS OR QUANTITY OF GOODS AS SHOWN IN

2、 THE B/L WHICHSHOULD BE TREATED AS CONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE2） 要求出租人無單放貨在短航次中出現(xiàn)無單放貨的頻率是很高的，承租人為了在卸港提貨時免生枝節(jié)，在訂約時就在合同中加上一附加條款，明確要求出租人同意這一做法，到時船東便無話可說，也沒有理由再刁難或敲詐。該條款可寫成：“ THE OWRS AGREE TO RELEASE THE WHOLE CGO TO THE RECEIVERS AT THEDISCHG PORT AGAINST CHTRS LOI ONLY ON OWR S P&I CLUB S WORDING IN CASE THE

3、 OF THE ORIGINAL B/L.”還有一種對承租人更有利的寫法,只有在對承租人十分有利的情況下才能爭取到.措辭是:“SHOULD THE ORIGINAL B/L NOT OF VSL THE DISCHG PORTS,ITIS AT THE DISCRETION OF OWRS TO RELEASE THE CGO AGAINST THE CHTRSLOI AT OWRSP&I CLUBS WORDING WITHOUT ANY BANK ENDORSEMENT.IN CASE THE OWRS SELECT TO WAIT FOR THE OF THE ORIGINAL B/L

4、BEFORE DISCHG THE CGO ,TIME SO LOST SHALL NOT COUNT AS LAYTIME, NOR FOR DETENTION.3)要求出租人憑保函交換提單在轉(zhuǎn)口貿(mào)易中,第一套提單往往要經(jīng)過一段時間才能流轉(zhuǎn)到中間人手上,在承租人要求出租人簽發(fā)交換提單時,原提單尚未到達(dá)手中,無法實現(xiàn)交換為避免出租人在沒有收到第一套提單而拒絕簽發(fā)交換提單,承租人便在合同中規(guī)定相應(yīng)條款.要注意這類條款對出租人而言風(fēng)險極大,他有可能成為貿(mào)易欺詐的幫兇,因而一定要審慎行事,一般只有在對租船人信用有足夠把握時才能答應(yīng).條款可寫成:“THE OWRS AGREE,AT THE REQUE

5、ST OF THE CHTRS, TO SWITCH THE B/L AGAINST CHTRSLOI IN OWRSP&I CLUBS WORDING IN CASE THE FIRST SET OF B/L IS NOT AT THAT TIME.THE CHTRS GUARANTEE THAT THE FIRST SET OF B/L WILL BE RETURNED TO OWRS WHEN ”4)要求出租人保證提單清潔當(dāng)承租人為賣方時,他最關(guān)心的是提單的清潔性,如果不能取得清潔提單,他將無法結(jié)匯,為了避免此種情況的發(fā)生,順利結(jié)匯,他會利用掌握租船權(quán)的便利與船東爭取這樣一個條款,讓出租

6、人保證裝船的貨物表面狀態(tài)良好,并簽發(fā)清潔提單.這種條款寫法如下:“ MASTER HAS THE OBLIGATION TO REJECT ANY CGO THAT WOULD LEAD TOTHE REMARKING OF M/R OR B/L.”或者寫成:“THE MASTER MUST ENSURE THAT NO CGO SHALL BE ALLOWED TO LOAD ONBOARD WHICH WL PREVENT CLEAN B/L TO BE ISSUED AFTERWARDSFAILING WHICH。，THE OWRS SHALL BE FULLY RESPONSIBLE

7、FOR THE CONSEQUENCE還有更隱蔽的寫法：“IF B/L MARKED “FREIGHT ”, FRT SHOULD BE REMITTED IN 3BANKDAYS AFTER SIGNING/RELEASING CLEAN ON BOARDB/L.”這種做法實際上是公然以簽發(fā)清潔提單作為付運費的前提，對出租人是很不利的。5）要求出租人執(zhí)行“中途停運“指令中途停運（STOPPAGE IN TRANSIT）是法律賦予賣方的一種權(quán)利。它是指貨物在運輸途中，當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)買方無力支付或者表示將不履行支付義務(wù)時，賣方可以要求承運人中止運賣方行使中途停運權(quán)應(yīng)當(dāng)滿足以下條件：一，貨物在運輸途中，賣方對貨物失去實際占有；二，買方?jīng)]有支付貨款，而且可能無支付能力或明確表明不履行支付義務(wù)；三，貨物仍由承運人掌管，未被收貨人實際占有；四，停運指令必須是可合理執(zhí)行的，中途停運不得影響承運人正常營運，不得使同一航次其他貨物利益方的利益受損；五，指令人可拒絕執(zhí)行。在 CIF或 CFR下的承租人在租約中常加入這樣的文字來約束出租人聽從指揮：“ THE CHTRS SHALL THE RIGHT TO ORDER THE SLOWING DOWN ，OR HOLDING BACK OF THE LADEN VOYAGE AND/OR LATE TENDERING