醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟培訓(xùn)課件

1、醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟What is the circulatory system?What does the CV system do?Internal and external anatomyCardiac cycleHeart soundsConductive system of the heartBlood vesselsDiseases of the CVS醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟2What is the circulatory systemThe Heart and blood vessels together make up the cardiovascular System.Circul

2、ate blood throughout entire body forTransport of oxygen to cellsTransport of CO2 away from cellsTransport of nutrients (glucose) to cellsMovement of immune system components (cells, antibodies)Transport of endocrine gland secretions醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟3The Heart and blood vessels toThe Heart: location in thorax醫(yī)學(xué)

3、英語心臟4The Heart: location in thorax醫(yī)The Heart: location in thoraxOblique PositionApex = Left of Midline (5th ICS), Anterior to rest of heartBase (posterior surface) sits on vertebral columnSuperior Right = 3rd Costal Cartilage, 1” right midsternumSuperior Left = 2nd Costal Cartilage, 1” left midstern

4、umInferior Right = 6th Costal Cartilage, 1” right midsternumInferior Left = 5th Intercostal Space at Midclavicular line醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟5The Heart: location in thoraxOSerous membraneContinuous withblood vesselsThe Heart: muscle layers and coveringsConnective tissEndothilium醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟6Serous membraneContinuous with

5、External Heart AnatomyPage 44醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟7External Heart AnatomyPage 44醫(yī)The Heart: Chambers醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟8The Heart: Chambers醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟8LungsBody cellsOur circulatory system is a double circulatory system. This means it has two parts parts. the right side of the system deals with deoxygenated blood.the left side of t

6、he system deals with oxygenated blood.醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟9LungsBody cellsOur circulatoryCirculationCoronary circulation the circulation of blood within the heart.Pulmonary circulation the flow of blood between the heart and lungs.Systemic circulation the flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the body.

7、醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟10Circulation醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟10The Heart: ValvesBicuspid (mitral)Tricuspid (AV)PulmonaryAortic (SL)醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟11The Heart: ValvesBicuspid (mitHow does the Heart work?blood from the bodyblood from the lungsThe heart beat begins when theheart muscles relax and bloodflows into the atria.STEP ONE醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟12How does

8、 the Heart work?blood The atria then contract andthe valves open to allow bloodinto the ventricles.How does the Heart work?STEP TWO醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟13The atria then contract andHoHow does the Heart work?The valves close to stop bloodflowing backwards.The ventricles contract forcing the blood to leave the heart

9、.At the same time, the atria arerelaxing and once again filling withblood.The cycle then repeats itself.STEP THREE醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟14How does the Heart work?The va醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟15醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟15Filling of Heart Chambers the Cardiac CycleCopyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟16Filling of

10、Heart Chambers tThe Heart: Cardiac OutputCopyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin CummingsCardiac output (CO) total vent blood/minAmount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minuteCO = (heart rate HR) x (stroke volume SV)Stroke volumeVolume of blood pumped by each ve

11、ntricle in one contraction醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟17The Heart: Cardiac OutputCopyrS1- What is it ?closing of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves. (closure of the AV valves)The Pulmonic and Aortic valves are openingand blood is being forced into the arteriesS2- What is it ?The sounds are because of the closing of the Pu

12、lmonic and Aortic valves (closure of the semilunar valves)醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟18S1- What is it ?醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟18醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟19醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟19醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟培訓(xùn)課件ElectrocardiogramAn electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of the electrical changes that occur in the myocardium during a cardiac cycle. The P wave occurs just prior to atrial contrac

13、tion; the QRS complex occurs just prior to ventricular contraction; and the T wave occurs when the ventricles are recovering from contraction.醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟21ElectrocardiogramAn electrocarThe Vascular SystemCopyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟22The Vascular SystemCopy

14、right Blood Vessels: AnatomyThree layers (tunics)Tunic intimaEndotheliumTunic mediaSmooth muscleTunic externaMostly fibrous connective tissue醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟23Blood Vessels: AnatomyThree laConductive SystemCopyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 11.5醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟24Conductive Syst

15、emCopyright Tunica externaOutermost layerelastin and collagenStrengthens, AnchorsTunica mediaMiddle layerCircular Smooth MuscleVaso-constriction/dilationTunica intimaInnermost layerEndotheliumMinimize frictionLumen醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟25Tunica externa醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟25醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟26醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟26Artery/Vein differences（歸納：dtwlv)Arterie

16、s (aa.)Veins (vv.)Direction of flowBlood Away from HeartBlood to HeartPressureHigherLowerWallsTHICKER: Tunica media thicker than tunica externaTHINNER: Tunica externa thicker than tunica mediaLumenSmallerLargerValvesNo valvesValves 醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟27Artery/Vein differences（歸納：dtw醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟28醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟28醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟29醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟

17、29醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟30醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟30Coronary artery circulation醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟31Coronary artery circulation醫(yī)學(xué)英PulsePulse pressure wave of bloodMonitored at “pressure points” where pulse is easily palpated醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟32PulsePulse pressure wave of Measuring Arterial Blood Pressure醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟33Measuring Arterial Blood PressCardiovascular D

18、iseasesCardiovascular diseases include those that affect the heart and those that affect the peripheral vascular system.The heart and blood vessels may be primarily attacked by these diseases or they may be secondarily affected as a consequence of another disease.醫(yī)學(xué)英語心臟34Cardiovascular DiseasesCardiovRisk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease(sdosp)SmokingDiabetesObesity StressPhysical InactivityHigh Blood Pressure 140 (systolic) / 90 (