初中英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)課件

1、關(guān)于初中英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)第1頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎 ?will it still be far in spring?冬天已經(jīng)來了,Winter has already come, 第2頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)Winter has already come.第3頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式 have done has助動(dòng)詞過去分詞第4頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四助動(dòng)詞have/has可和前面的主語(yǔ)縮略為ve,s.如 theyv

2、e, weve, hes, its; youve has not=hasnthave not=havent第5頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四過去分詞的變化1、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加 +ed work, plant,call2.以字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，詞尾加+d live, change, like, love, agree, save hate, move, arrive, skate, hope, use3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的 雙寫輔音字母ed. 如：plan, stop,drop,fit(適合), prefer(更喜歡), travel4.以輔音字

3、母y，結(jié)尾，變y為ied try, study, carry, hurry, cry, worry,copy第6頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四1.肯定句:主語(yǔ)+have/has(助動(dòng)詞）+過去分詞+(其他）。2. 否定句: 主語(yǔ)+have/has+not +過去分詞+(其他）。 3.一般疑問句 Have/has+ 主語(yǔ)+過去分詞? Yes, 主語(yǔ)+have/has. No, 主語(yǔ)+have/hasnt.第7頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四用來表示之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系: 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去,但它的影響現(xiàn)在還

4、存在。 They have left. -他們已經(jīng)離開了,也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里 I have had my lunch. -我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了,也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 He has learned English since 2001. -從2001年開始學(xué)的,現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢第8頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四nowpastfuture一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài),或者發(fā)生在過去卻對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響They have left.He has learned Engli

5、sh since 2001.第9頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)MeaningExamplealready已經(jīng)I have already done my homework.yet還（未）I have not finished my homework yet.never從不，從沒I have never read this story.ever曾經(jīng)Have you ever watched this film?recently最近We have not seen Nancy recently.just剛剛He has just seen Na

6、ncy.for+時(shí)間段時(shí)間She learned English for nine years.since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)自從I have not eaten anything since 9 a.m.in the past在過去的He has changed a lot in the past three years.第10頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四1.Mr. Black left China in 1990. Mr. Black _China since 1990.2.The hero died five years ago. The hero _ for five

7、 years.3.The meeting began two minutes ago. The meeting _ for two minutes.4.We borrowed two books last week. We _ the two books for a week.5. Sally joined the League two years ago. Sally _ the League for two years. has been away from has been deadhas been onhave kepthas been in第11頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，

8、11點(diǎn)57分，星期四 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：表示可以延續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等。 瞬間性動(dòng)詞：表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如：begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,start,stop等。 瞬間性的動(dòng)詞是不能持續(xù)的，所以不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。比較延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與瞬間性動(dòng)詞第12頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四 since 用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間

9、“自從” for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度 “長(zhǎng)達(dá)”I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.比較since和for第13頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四二、用since和for填空1._two years 2._two years ago3._last month 4._

10、19995._yesterday 6._4 oclock7_4 hours 8._an hour ago9._we were children 10._ lunch time11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16

11、. Its about ten years _ she left the city.since or for第14頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四瞬間性動(dòng)詞例如come,go,leave等，不和表示延續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，例如for two hours或者是since last month。如果我們想用它們來表達(dá)延續(xù)性的狀態(tài)，就要把他們轉(zhuǎn)化成對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Verb Used for a continuous stateExamplebuyhave/has hadHe has had the watch for over two years.borrow have/h

12、as keptShe has kept this book for two weeks.arrivehave/has been in/atKitty has been in Nanjing for a month.leavehave/has been awayShe has been away from home for ten years.join have/has been in/a member of Simon has been a member of the Football Club since last year.diehave/has been deadThe fish has

13、 been dead for two days.get marriedhave/has been marriedThey have been married for more than twenty e/gohave/has been in/atMy cousin has been in Beijing for a month.begin/starthave/has been onThe meeting has been on for half an hour.stophave/has been overThe conference has been over since last Sunda

14、y.第15頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since thr

15、ee days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour.9. They closed the doo

16、r an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化第16頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He

17、borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He has kept the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He has had the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light has been on for 2 hours.6.

18、He left here 2 years ago. - He has been away from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film has been on for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door has been open for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door has been closed for an hour.10. He join

19、ed the army last year. - He has been a soldier for a year. - He has been in the army for a year. - It is a year since he joined the army. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化 (keys)第17頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四He has gone to Shanghai.他(已經(jīng))去上海了。He has been to Shanghai.他(曾經(jīng)) 去過上海。比較 have/has been to have/has gone to第1

20、8頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四He went to Shanghai last week. 他(曾經(jīng))到/去過上海 在他人生中曾經(jīng)有過這樣的經(jīng)歷,但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來了他已經(jīng)去上海了 也許剛動(dòng)身出發(fā),也許已經(jīng)到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里上周他做了一件事:那就是去了上海He has been to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.He has been in Shanghai for 10 years.他呆在上海迄今為止已經(jīng)10年了 現(xiàn)在還在上海沒有離開呢He lived in Shanghai for 10 y

21、ears.以前他在上海住過10年 現(xiàn)在不在上海了辨析這些句子由時(shí)態(tài)導(dǎo)致的含義上的差別第19頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四練習(xí)1.I like Guilin. I _ there twice. A. go B. went C. have gone D. have been 此題中的twice（兩次）表示經(jīng)歷，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，因此選D。 2. Where”s Li Lei? He _ Beijing. A. goes to B. went to C. has gone to D. has been to 此題的語(yǔ)境是李雷不在說話的地方，因此要選 C。 3. He wen

22、t to Toronto two years ago, so he _ Toronto for two tears. A.has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has gone 題目有for two years這一個(gè)段時(shí)間，而have been to 和have gone to都不能和段時(shí)間連用，因此選C has been in 。第20頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較1）一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作； 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響

23、，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。）I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）第21頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四2）一般過去時(shí) 常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用; 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): for, since, so far, ever, never, jus

24、t, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí) （錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.第22頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)57分，星期四3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 She joined the League three years ago. (加入的動(dòng)作不是延續(xù)的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago).