2023考研英語二真題及答案解析(完整版)

1、2023年考研英語(二)真題及答案(完整版)Directions :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but thats not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the

2、 pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the be

3、st trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac a working class

4、name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe。GI .joe had a career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war corresp

5、ondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyleportrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow and-mud soldiers, not how many miles wereor what towns were captured or liberated, His reportsthe “willie cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes a

6、rtist Bill Maulden. Both menthe dirt and exhaustion of war, the of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,the most important person in their lives。

7、1.A performed Bserved Crebelled Dbetrayed2.A actual Bcommon Cspecial Dnormal3.Abore Bcased Cremoved Dloaded4.Anecessities Bfacilitice Ccommodities Dpropertoes5.Aand Bnor Cbut Dhence6.Afor Binto C form Dagainst7.Ameaning Bimplying Csymbolizing Dclaiming8.Ahanded out Bturn over Cbrought back Dpassed d

8、own9.Apushed Bgot Cmade Dmanaged10.Aever Bnever Ceither Dneither11.Adisguised Bdisturbed Cdisputed Ddistinguished12.Acompany Bcollection Ccommunity Dcolony13.Aemployed Bappointed Cinterviewed Dquestioned14.Aethical Bmilitary Cpolitical Dhuman15.Aruined Bcommuted Cpatrolled Dgained16.Aparalleled Bcou

9、nteracted Cduplicated Dcontradicted17.Aneglected Bavoided Cemphasized Dadmired18.Astages Billusions Cfragments Dadvancea19.AWith BTo CAmong DBeyond20.Aon the contrary B by this means Cfrom the outset Dat that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answe

10、r the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angel

11、es Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a students academic grade。This rule is meant to address

12、the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to stu

13、dents who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they wa

14、nt. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the t

15、ests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule。At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If th

16、e district finds homework to be unimportant to its students academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to r

17、eview and correct。The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right。21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework。

18、A is receiving more criticismBis no longer an educational ritualCis not required for advanced coursesDis gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students。Atend to have moderate expectations for their educationBhave asked for a different educational

19、 standardCmay have problems finishing their homeworkDhave voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may。Adiscourage students from doing homeworkBresult in studentsCundermine the authority of state testsDrestrict teachers power in educati

20、on24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether_. A it should be eliminatedBit counts much in schoolingCit places extra burdens on teachersDit is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be_。AWrong Interpretation of an Educational PolicyBA We

21、lcomed Policy for Poor StudentsCThorny Questions about HomeworkDA Faulty Approach to Homework Text2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the

22、rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of

23、 imagination about girls lives and interests。Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domesti

24、c washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. Whats more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colo

25、ur, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant childrens marketing strategy, that pink fully c

26、ame into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years。I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychol

27、ogical development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into childrens behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930

28、s。Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone between infant wear and older kids clothes. Tt was only after “toddlerbecame a common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting ki

29、ds, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences or invent them where they did not previously exist。26.By saying it is.the rainbow(Line 3, Para.1)，the author means pink_。Ashould not

30、 be the sole representation of girlhoodBshould not be associated with girls innocenceCcannot explain girls lack of imaginationDcannot influence girls lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？AColours are encoded in girls DNA。BBlue used to be regarded

31、as the colour for girls。CPink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders。DWhite is prefered by babies。28.The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychological development was much influenced by_。Athe marketing of products for childrenBthe observation of childrens natureCresearch

32、es into childrens behaviorDstudies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_。Afocus on infant wear and older kids clothesBattach equal importance to different gendersCclassify consumers into smaller groupsDcreate some common shoppers terms30.It

33、can be concluded that girls attraction to pink seems to be_。A clearly explained by their inborn tendencyBfully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenDwell interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2023. a federal judge shook Americas biotech industry to

34、its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2023 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO)， a trade group, assured members that this wa

35、s just a “preliminary step in a longer battle. On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a womans risk ofbreast cancer. The chief executive of Myr

36、iad, a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike. But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a pr

37、oduct of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents monopolies restrict access to genetic testssuch as Myriads. A growing number seem to agree.Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the

38、Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature. than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. Despite the appeals courts decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether t

39、he sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court。AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater impact panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented

40、or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drugs efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for connecting the dits,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO。Their success may be determ

41、ined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed。31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that t

42、he biotech companies would likeA.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe thatA.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much

43、 on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents forA.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34.By saying “each meeting was packed(line4,para6)the a

44、uthor means that A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernD.lawyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the authors attitude toward gene patenting isA.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great rece

45、ssion may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years。No one tries har

46、der than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects,

47、 perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending。But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Mo

48、ral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rig

49、hts and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes。Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross

50、 them especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have bee

51、n if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind。In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affect

52、ing societys character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our so

53、cial fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend。36.By saying “to find silver linings(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless try to_。Aseek subsidies from the govemmentBexplore reasons for the unermploymentCmake profits from the troubled economyDlook on the br

54、ight side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_。Arealize the national dreamBstruggle against each otherCchallenge their lifestyleDreconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_。Aimpose a heavier burden on immigrantsBbring out

55、 more evils of human natureCPromote the advance of rights and freedomsDease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _。Alag behind the others due to decreased opportunitiesBcatch up quickly with exper

56、ienced employeesCsee their life chances as dimmed as the othersDrecover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is_。AcertainBpositiveCtrivialDdestructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from

57、the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great

58、 Men who have worked here, wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not。Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the pas

59、t: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration。From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writin

60、g De Viris Illustribus On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, rut