山東科技大學(xué)翻譯基礎(chǔ)第三章 詞語(yǔ)的選擇課件

1、29時(shí)尚英語(yǔ)詞匯 微博山寨異地戀剩女 熟女 裸婚百搭限時(shí)搶購(gòu)水貨microblogCopycatlong-distance relationship3S lady（single，seventies, stuck）/left girlscougar（Cougar Club）naked weddingall-matchflash salesmuggled goods團(tuán)購(gòu)發(fā)燒友骨感美女卡奴性感媽媽 亞健康 靈魂伴侶小白臉 精神出軌 人肉搜索鉆石王老五group buyingFancierboney beautycard slaveyummy mummysub-healthsoul matetoy b

2、oysoul infidelityflesh searchdiamond bachelor學(xué)歷造假 散伙飯具有時(shí)效性的錄取分?jǐn)?shù)線經(jīng)適房家庭主男小白臉，吃軟飯的二奶另類(lèi)菜鳥(niǎo)裸奔fabricate academic credentialsfarewell dinnertime-efficientadmission scoresaffordable housinghouse-husbandkept man kept womanoffbeatrookiestreaking第三章 詞語(yǔ)的選擇Operate：He took the machine to pieces to try and find out

3、 how it operated. 他把機(jī)器拆開(kāi)，想看看機(jī)器怎么運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的。If theres an electrical failure, its possible to operate the lift manually. 如果停電，可以由人力開(kāi)動(dòng)電梯。Changes are being introduced to make the department operate more efficiently. 變革正在進(jìn)行，以提高部門(mén)的工作效率。Specially equipped troops are operating undercover activities in the hills. 專(zhuān)

4、門(mén)部隊(duì)在山上進(jìn)行秘密訓(xùn)練。We have representatives operating in most countries. 我們?cè)谠S多國(guó)家都有代理開(kāi)展業(yè)務(wù)。Exchange rates are currently operating to the advantage of exports. 目前的匯率走勢(shì)對(duì)出口有利。Destructive forces are clearly operating within the community. 顯然社區(qū)中有破壞勢(shì)力在活動(dòng)。英譯漢中常用的確定詞義的手段一、根據(jù)詞語(yǔ)搭配和上下文選擇詞義He reached his hand out for th

5、e book I offered him. 他伸出手來(lái)接我給他的書(shū)。We tried to reach them by cable. 我們?cè)囍秒妶?bào)跟他們聯(lián)絡(luò)。She reached up and picked a pear off a branch. 她抬起手從一根枝上摘下一只梨。The speakers voice couldnt reach to the back of the auditorium. 禮堂后排聽(tīng)不到演講人的聲音。The insecticide was put out of the childs reach. 殺蟲(chóng)劑放在孩子夠不著的地方。The upper reaches

6、 of Minjiang River serves as ecological barriers of Sichuan Province and even the west of China. 岷江上游是四川省乃至我國(guó)西南重要的生態(tài)屏障 1. We had a grand view of a sea of clouds when we climbed to the top of the mountain. 當(dāng)我們爬上了山巔時(shí)，看到了云海的壯觀景象。2. We must do away with the grandiose style of work. 我們必須擯棄浮夸的工作作風(fēng)。3. It i

7、s indeed the most magnificent drawing-room I have ever seen. 那的確是我所見(jiàn)到的最豪華的客廳。4. The buildings around the Circus are rather nondescript, though some of them are large and quite imposing. 廣場(chǎng)周?chē)慕ㄖ锊⒉黄鹧?，不過(guò)其中有一些還比較高大、宏偉。5. Whenever the stately national anthem is performed, I am invariably emotionally rou

8、sed. 每當(dāng)奏起莊嚴(yán)的國(guó)歌時(shí)，我總在感情上受到激發(fā)。6. 搞花架子 do something superficial7. 搞活國(guó)營(yíng)大中型企業(yè) invigorate large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises8. 更加注重搞好宏觀調(diào)控 pay more attention to exercising macro-control9. 開(kāi)放搞活 open up and enliven the economy 10. 靠擴(kuò)大財(cái)政赤字搞建設(shè) increase the deficit to spend more on development11）With

9、 the invention of writing, a great advance was made, for knowledge could then be not only communicated but also stored, libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries. 譯文：由于文字的發(fā)明，人類(lèi)取得了巨大的進(jìn)步，因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)知識(shí)不僅可以交流，而且可以儲(chǔ)存。圖書(shū)為開(kāi)展教育活動(dòng)提供了可能性，而教育又反過(guò)來(lái)增加了圖書(shū)的數(shù)量和內(nèi)容。Most of the money came

10、 from selling the secret of a new type of potato he had developed. 大部分錢(qián)是靠出售他培育土豆新品種的秘方得來(lái)的。As early as his second film, Chaplin had developed his own manner of acting, the one that was to become world famous.早在卓別林演第二部電影時(shí)，他就已形成了自己的表演風(fēng)格，這就是他后來(lái)聞名于世的那種表演風(fēng)格。It is believed that before writing was developed

11、, people in China used to keep records by putting a number of stones together.人們認(rèn)為，在出現(xiàn)書(shū)寫(xiě)之前，中國(guó)人常把石頭放在一起來(lái)記事。Some married people who are not satisfied with their family may resort to the internet to develop an extramarital affair.一些對(duì)家庭不滿意的已婚男女也會(huì)借助互聯(lián)網(wǎng)去搞婚外戀。Photographers return and the photos are quickly

12、 developed.攝影記者回來(lái)了，很快把照片沖洗好了。In developing a design, the engineer must apply his knowledge of engineering and material science.在進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，工程師必須應(yīng)用自己在工程學(xué)和材料學(xué)方面的知識(shí)。While people in other countries in the world were trying to catch wild animals and birds and were still collecting seeds and nuts, farmers in C

13、hina were developing the science of agriculture.當(dāng)世界上其他國(guó)家還在捕獵飛禽走獸、采集種子堅(jiān)果的時(shí)候，中國(guó)農(nóng)民就已經(jīng)在從事農(nóng)業(yè)科技研究了。二、根據(jù)詞語(yǔ)搭配和上下文變通詞義詞義引申的手段詞義的轉(zhuǎn)化詞義的具體化詞義的抽象化1、詞義的轉(zhuǎn)化1）The factors which are likely to influence investment spending do not stop here.譯：可能影響投資開(kāi)支的因素并不止這些。2）Whether you like it or not, globalization is here to stay.

14、 We are not going to reverse the trend.譯：不管你對(duì)它的態(tài)度如何，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化已成為我們生活的一部分，這個(gè)趨勢(shì)不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。3）Our products, if maintained properly and regularly, can at least see twenty years service.譯：我們的產(chǎn)品如果適當(dāng)?shù)囟ㄆ跈z修，至少可以使用20年。4）Thats a tall story about the towns high street.譯: 有關(guān)這城主街的說(shuō)法是在令人難以置信。4) Dobbin had been in the coffee-

15、room for an hour or more. He had tried all the papers but could not read them 杜賓在咖啡室少說(shuō)也待了一個(gè)鐘頭。他翻遍了所有的報(bào)紙，可什么也沒(méi)看進(jìn)去5) It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether. 當(dāng)然油箱里裝滿優(yōu)質(zhì)汽油倒是好事，但是駕駛室里要是坐著橫沖直撞的司機(jī)就完全是另一回事了。6) I want to be TVs

16、 Czar of script and grammar 我真想成為電視這一行的霸主，所有節(jié)目我說(shuō)了算。3、詞義的抽象化 1）The interest rates have see-sawed between 10 and 15 percent. 利率一直在10到15之間不斷波動(dòng)。 2）Brain drain has been Kangdings No.1 concern; as a matter of fact, it has been an epidemic in this area. 人才外流一直是康定的頭號(hào)問(wèn)題，實(shí)際上，它已經(jīng)成為那一地區(qū)帶普遍性的嚴(yán)峻問(wèn)題。 3）There is a m

17、ixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists. 帝國(guó)主義者的性格既 殘暴，又狡猾。 4）Every life has its roses and thorns. 每個(gè)人的生活都有甜和苦。 詞義的褒貶：1）He was a man of high renown (fame). 他是位有名望的人。（褒）2）The adoption of new policies will surely lead to some striking results. 采取各項(xiàng)新政策必將帶來(lái)顯著成果。3）There would

18、have been more painful result but for the drastic measures. 若不是采取了嚴(yán)厲措施，那將會(huì)出現(xiàn)的更痛苦的后果。4）As a demanding boss, he expected total loyalty and dedication from his employees. 他是個(gè)苛刻的老板，要求手下的人對(duì)他忠心耿耿，鞠躬盡瘁。（貶）5）The popularity of television and the difficulty of financing plays have helped to close many theatre

19、s. But now it seems the theatre is about to pick up again after a period of decline. 電視普及，加上戲劇籌資困難，許多劇院被迫關(guān)門(mén)。然而經(jīng)過(guò)一端時(shí)間的衰落后，現(xiàn)在劇院似乎又將從新煥發(fā)生機(jī)。6) Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it. 凡是忘掉過(guò)去的人注定要重蹈覆轍。（貶）7）He was polite and always gave advice willingly, she recalled. 她回憶說(shuō)，“他彬彬有禮，總是誨

20、人不倦?！保òh譯英中常用的確定詞義的手段一、詞語(yǔ)的選擇集中精力把經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)搞上去 go all out for economic development 2. 堅(jiān)持對(duì)話,不搞對(duì)抗 persist in dialogue, refrain from confrontation3. 不搞勞民傷財(cái)?shù)摹靶蜗蠊こ獭?refrain from building “vanity projects ”that waste both money and manpower4. 對(duì)內(nèi)搞活，對(duì)外開(kāi)放 revitalize domestic economy, open up to the outside world5

21、. 惡搞 spoof6. 搞花架子 do something superficial7. 搞活國(guó)營(yíng)大中型企業(yè) invigorate large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises8. 更加注重搞好宏觀調(diào)控 pay more attention to exercising macro-control9. 開(kāi)放搞活 open up and enliven the economy 10. 靠擴(kuò)大財(cái)政赤字搞建設(shè) increase the deficit to spend more on development11、假日外出旅游，成為國(guó)人最風(fēng)行的節(jié)目。(1)

22、 Traveling on holidays has become an activity popular with Chinese people. (2) Traveling on holidays is most popular with Chinese people. 12、企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益顯著改善。The economic performance of enterprises improved markedly. 13、生產(chǎn)生活條件明顯改善。Production and living conditions have remarkably improved. 14、中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織后，人才市

23、場(chǎng)會(huì)出現(xiàn)新的潮流。There will be new trends in the personnel market after Chinas entry into the WTO.15、大力加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義精神文明建設(shè)。We should vigorously promote socialist cultural and ethic progress. 二、詞語(yǔ)的搭配16、電腦的普及為網(wǎng)絡(luò)走進(jìn)千家萬(wàn)戶創(chuàng)造了條件。 The popularization of computer has paved the way for Internets entry into average families. T

24、he popularization of computer has made it possible for the Internet to enter into average families. The popularization of computer has created conditions for Internets entry into average families. (x)17、新形勢(shì)、新趨勢(shì)、新技術(shù)，促進(jìn)了生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展，促進(jìn)了創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)揮，促進(jìn)了各國(guó)之間的合作與交流。 The new development, trends and technologies have

25、helped expand productive forces, given full play to creativity, and enhance exchanges and cooperation among countries. 18、我們要維護(hù)人民的權(quán)力。We should maintain the peoples rights. 根據(jù)不同的上下文，“維護(hù)”有不同的譯法：維護(hù)統(tǒng)一 uphold unity維護(hù)獨(dú)立主權(quán) uphold independence and sovereignty維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán) defend state sovereignty維護(hù)人民利益 safeguard t

26、he peoples interests維護(hù)自尊 safeguard ones self respect維護(hù)世界和平與安全 maintain /safeguard world peace and security19、積極開(kāi)展資源回收利用，大力提高資源綜合利用率。 We need to increase our recycling of resources in order to unutilized our resources more effectively. 20、積極推動(dòng)信息技術(shù)在各行業(yè)的廣泛應(yīng)用。 We need to extensively apply IT in enterpri

27、ses in all industries. 21、我們將積極調(diào)整、發(fā)展第三產(chǎn)業(yè)。 We will be working vigorously/ energetically to restructure and develop tertiary industries. 22、工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整取得積極進(jìn)展。 Significant progress was made in industrial structural adjustment. 23、東部地區(qū)要積極支持中西部地區(qū)發(fā)展。 The eastern region should actively support the development o

28、f the central and western regions. 24、積極發(fā)展各項(xiàng)社會(huì)事業(yè)。 We will energetically / make great efforts to develop all social undertakings. 三、詞語(yǔ)的引申25、中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)取得巨大發(fā)展，中國(guó)人民終于揚(yáng)眉吐氣了。 Chinese people feel proud and elated for the great economic development in China. 26、“五一”假期，火車(chē)票十分緊俏，人們提前10天預(yù)訂火車(chē)票。 Train tickets during th

29、e Labor Day holidays were in short supply, and people flocked to book tickets ten days in advance. 27、中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，消除貧困任重道遠(yuǎn)。 (1) China is a developing country, and it has a long way to go to shake off poverty. (2) China is a developing country, and it is an arduous task to eradicate poverty. 28、家用電器和藝

30、術(shù)品很受俄國(guó)商人的歡迎，但服裝和紡織品卻吃了閉門(mén)羹。 Electric appliances and handicrafts are popular among Russian businessmen, but clothes and textile products are given the cold shoulder. 29、臺(tái)灣當(dāng)局應(yīng)該審時(shí)度勢(shì)，順應(yīng)民意，走和平統(tǒng)一的光明大道。 The Taiwan authorities should size up the situation and go with the peoples voice to get on the right way

31、 of peaceful reunification. 30、傳統(tǒng)的人海戰(zhàn)術(shù)在現(xiàn)代化高技術(shù)面前不堪一擊。 Compared with modern high technology, the traditional huge-crowd strategy is not competitive at all. 三、詞義選擇的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤（一）望文生義1） My shoes are the worse for wear.誤：我的皮鞋更加不好穿了。正：我的皮鞋穿破了。2） She has been a widow only six months.誤：她只做了六個(gè)月的寡婦。正：她的丈夫死了至今不過(guò)半年。3）

32、 我十點(diǎn)鐘等你。誤：Ill wait for you at ten oclock. 正：Ill expect you at ten oclock. （二）混淆詞性4）Active metals, organic substances, and other oxidizable materials are always subject to slow attack by oxygen when exposed to the air. 誤：活潑金屬，有機(jī)物和其它可氧化的物質(zhì)，當(dāng)暴露在空氣中時(shí)，總是氧緩慢進(jìn)攻的對(duì)象。正：活潑金屬，有機(jī)物和其它可氧化的物質(zhì)，當(dāng)暴露在空氣中時(shí)，總是容易受到氧的緩慢侵蝕。（三）語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤5）我想下個(gè)月開(kāi)始工作。誤：I think to start work next month. 正：I think that Ill start work next month