外研版高中英語必修三Module4Grammar

1、外研版高中英語必修三Module4Grammar外研版高中英語必修三Module4GrammarModule 4 Sandstorms in AsiaGrammar動詞不定式和but+動詞不定式Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia【探究尋規(guī)】請說出下面句子中的不定式所作的成分。1. Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it. （）2. To have been caught in a

2、sandstorm was a terrible experience. （）3. There was nothing to be done. （）to solve this problem和to help solve it作目的狀語To have been caught in a sandstorm作主語to be done作定語【探究尋規(guī)】to solve this problem和to4. The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it

3、difficult to see.（）5. When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out. （）6. Its difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill. （）7. To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees. （）to see作賓語not to go out作賓語補(bǔ)足語to breathe作主語To prevent it coming nearer

4、作目的狀語4. The storms sometimes contin【語法精點(diǎn)】一、基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)撥1. 動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式to do to be done完成式to have done to have been done進(jìn)行式 to be doing /完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing /【語法精點(diǎn)】時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式to do to （1）若不定式的動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動作之后，不定式用一般式。*I hope that Ill see you again. I hope to see you again.我希望再見到你。（2）

5、若不定式的動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生，并強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)進(jìn)行，不定式用進(jìn)行式。*I am very glad to be working with you.我很高興和你一起工作。 （1）若不定式的動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生或發(fā)生 （3）若不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前或強(qiáng)調(diào)動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，不定式用完成式。*I am sorry to have cheated you. 很抱歉，我欺騙了你?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語與不定式是被動關(guān)系時，不定式 一般用被動式。The novel is said tohave been translated into several languages. 據(jù)說這部

6、小說已被譯成了好幾種 語言。動詞不定式的否定式是在to前面加not，即not to do。 （3）若不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前或強(qiáng)調(diào)動作2. 不定式在句中的作用。 （1）作主語。 *To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get.愛與被愛是一個人能獲得的最大幸福。【名師點(diǎn)津】在很多情況下，通常用it作為形式上的主語，而把不定 式移到謂語之后，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)顯得平穩(wěn)一些。Its rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer. 背對著老師，拒絕回答問

7、題是不禮貌的。2. 不定式在句中的作用。 （2）作表語。 *My job is to drive them to the company every day. 我的工作就是每天開車送他們?nèi)ス尽?（3）作賓語。 *I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。 （2）作表語?！厩蓪W(xué)助記】巧記用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞三個希望兩答應(yīng)：hope, wish, want, agree, promise兩個要求莫拒絕：demand, ask, refuse設(shè)法學(xué)會做決定：manage, learn, decide不要假裝在選擇：p

8、retend, choose【巧學(xué)助記】 （4）作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 *Father will not allow us to play in the street. 父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。【名師點(diǎn)津】（1）在 “一感(feel)二聽(hear, listen to)三 讓(let, have, make)四看(observe, see, watch, look at)” 等 動詞（短語）后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式不帶to, 但 當(dāng)以上動詞用于被動語態(tài)時要帶to。 （2）help后跟作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式時，動詞不定 式可帶to也可不帶to，即help sb. (to)dosth. 。 （4）作

9、賓語補(bǔ)足語。 （3）在feel, find, make, think, consider等動詞后，如 果賓語帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，人們常常用it作形式賓語，而 把真正的賓語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之后。例如：I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能不用計算機(jī)而解出這道題目。 （3）在feel, find, make, （5）作定語。 *He is the man to believe in. 他是值得信任的人。*Liu Yang was the first woman astronaut to be sent

10、into space in China. 在中國，劉洋是第一位飛上太空的女航天員。（6）作狀語。 *She reads China Daily every day to improve her English. 為了提高英語，她每天讀中國日報。（動詞不定式作目的狀語，此時相當(dāng)于in order to 或so as to。so as to不能位于句首）*He is too weak to do the work. 他身體太弱了不能做這項(xiàng)工作。 （5）作定語?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】（1） “too. . . to. . . “ 結(jié)構(gòu)常表示 “太而不能” ，但too之前如果有only, 此時不定式表肯定。因

11、為only too 表示 “非常，很” 。(2)too后如果是happy, glad之類的形容詞時，不定式也 表肯定意義。(3) “形容詞/副詞enough不定式” 結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞不定 式也表示結(jié)果。(4)動詞不定式還可表示意外的結(jié)果?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】（1） “too. . . to. . . “ *They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他們很幸運(yùn)去國外訪問。 *She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.在街上見到她的老朋友她很高興。*He hurried to see

12、his girlfriend, only to find she had left.他匆忙去見他的女朋友，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)她已經(jīng)離開了。3. 疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。疑問詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語。它在句中可以用作主語、表語或賓語。例如: *When to start has not been decided. 何時動身尚未決定。(主語) *They are only too luc *The difficulty was how to cross the river. 困難在于如何過河。(表語) *I can tell you wh

13、ere to get this book.我可以告訴你哪里可以買到此書。（賓語）4. but+動詞不定式。 （1）用于cannot but，cannot choose but，cannot help but等短語后，其不定式通常不帶to。這些短語相當(dāng)于have to。 *When a good friend dies, you cannot but feel sad. 當(dāng)好朋友去世時，你怎能不感到悲傷。*I couldnt choose but speak the truth. 我不能不說真話。*When it rains, you cannot help but get your shoes

14、 wet. 下雨天，你的鞋子豈能不濕。 *The difficulty was ho （2）當(dāng)but（表示 “除之外” ）前有實(shí)義動詞do的某種形式時，其后的不定式通常不帶to。其他情況下不定式通常都要帶to。 *Ill do anything for you but set you free. 我可以替你做任何事，但不能把你釋放。*There was nothing to do but wait till he came back.沒什么事可干了，除了等他回來。 *They had no choice but to obey. 他們別無選擇，只能服從。 （2）當(dāng)but（表示 “除之外” ）前

15、有實(shí)義 二、難點(diǎn)突破不定式主動形式表被動含義的情況：1. 不定式作形容詞的狀語，與句子的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時。*The book is difficult to understand. 這本書太難，看不懂。 *The river has been polluted and the water is not fit to drink. 這條河被污染了，水不能喝了。 二、難點(diǎn)突破2. 不定式作后置定語，與被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，但和該句的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 *I have a lot of work to do. 我有許多工作要做。 *Do you have anyt

16、hing to say?你有什么要說的嗎？3. to let, to blame作表語時。 *They think that more than one person may be to blame for the big fire. 他們認(rèn)為這場大火可能不止一人負(fù)有責(zé)任。2. 不定式作后置定語，與被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓【高考體驗(yàn)】動詞不定式做題步驟：1. 分析句子缺少哪種成分；2. 根據(jù)題干猜測句子所要表達(dá)的意思；3. 根據(jù)題支確定本題所考查的非謂語動詞形式；4. 確定符合句意的選項(xiàng)?！靖呖俭w驗(yàn)】1. （2013四川高考）The airport_next year will he

17、lp promote tourism in this area. A. being completed B. to be completedC. completed D. having been completed解題關(guān)鍵：時間狀語next year思路分析：選B。考查非謂語動詞。句意：明年將要完工的機(jī)場會有助于促進(jìn)這一地區(qū)的旅游業(yè)發(fā)展。A項(xiàng)表示正在進(jìn)行的被動；B項(xiàng)表示將來的被動；C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)表示完成的被動。根據(jù)時間狀語next year可知表示將要被完成，故選B項(xiàng)。1. （2013四川高考）The airport_2. （2013山東高考）I stopped the car_ a short

18、break as I was feeling tired. A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken解題關(guān)鍵：原因狀語從句I was feeling tired思路分析：選C?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意：我感到累了，因此停下車休息一小會兒。to do 不定式在句中作目的狀語。所以選C。2. （2013山東高考）I stopped the ca3. （2012重慶高考）Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will influence the future of our

19、 company. A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made解題關(guān)鍵：時態(tài)是一般將來時以及decision與make之間的關(guān)系3. （2012重慶高考）Were having a m思路分析：選A。句意：我們半小時之后要開個會。在會上要做的這個決定將會影響我們公司的未來。由句意可知, 非謂語動詞作decision的定語。make和decision之間是被動關(guān)系, 且是將來發(fā)生的動作, 應(yīng)用不定式的被動形式。to be made表被動和將來; being made表被動和進(jìn)行; made表被動和完成; having been

20、made表被動和完成, 但一般不作定語。故選A。思路分析：選A。句意：我們半小時之后要開個會。在會上要做的這4. （2012全國卷）The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on. A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched解題關(guān)鍵：不定式位于形容詞后作狀語的用法思路分析：選A。句意：這位老人每天晚上坐在電視機(jī)前, 高興地看著正在發(fā)生的一切。happy為形容詞, 此處作伴隨狀語, 表示

21、老人的心態(tài); 做該題時, 需想到的是be happy to do sth. 。此時的不定式不能用to have done sth. , 因?yàn)?“看” 不是一個先發(fā)生的動作; 該題易誤選watching, 但是, 如用watching作伴隨狀語, 必須把happy改為happily, 用來修飾watching。4. （2012全國卷）The old man sat5. （2012北京高考）Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _ away. A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay解題關(guān)鍵：找

22、準(zhǔn)不定式作定語所修飾的詞思路分析：選A。句意：有時候鳥叫聲是一種讓其他鳥離開的警告。to stay away是不定式短語作warning的定語。易錯誤區(qū): 一般情況下, 作定語的非謂語動詞緊跟在所修飾詞的后面, 所以會誤以為本題中stay away修飾other birds, 就會誤選成B項(xiàng)staying。5. （2012北京高考）Birds singing i6. （2012遼寧高考）This machine is very easy _ . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A. operating B. to be operati

23、ngC. operated D. to operate解題關(guān)鍵：不定式的主動形式表被動思路分析：選D。句意：這臺機(jī)器很容易操作, 任何人在幾分鐘之內(nèi)都能學(xué)會使用它。在 “be+性質(zhì)形容詞+不定式” 結(jié)構(gòu)中, 應(yīng)用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。常見的此類形容詞有easy, hard, difficult, interesting, heavy, pleasant, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible等, 該類形容詞說明的是不定式的性質(zhì)。6. （2012遼寧高考）This machine is 易錯誤區(qū): 當(dāng)動詞不定式修飾作表語的形容詞時一般要用不定式

24、的主動形式表示被動意義。此時不能用不定式的被動形式。 易錯誤區(qū): .單項(xiàng)填空1. （2013咸陽高一檢測）If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge. A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet【解析】選D。考查非謂語動詞。句意：如果接受了這項(xiàng)工作, 他就別無選擇只會遇到更大的挑戰(zhàn)。have no choice but to+動詞原形, 不得不做某事，固定結(jié)構(gòu)。所以D項(xiàng)符合題意。.單項(xiàng)填空2. （2013濰坊高一檢測）The governmen

25、t officer said China should bring in more high technology _ our competitive power. A. improving B. to be improved C. to improve D. improve【解析】選C?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意：那個政府官員說中國應(yīng)該引進(jìn)更多的高科技來提升我們的競爭力。根據(jù)句意可知bring in more high technology的目的是提升競爭力，故用不定式to improve表示目的，其他三項(xiàng)均不符合句意。故選C。2. （2013濰坊高一檢測）The government【變式訓(xùn)練】

26、（2013西寧高一檢測） _ the working efficiency, the boss allows the employees to have a coffee break. AImproving BTo improveCHaving improved DImproved【解析】選B?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意：為了提高工作效率，老板允許員工們休息一下喝杯咖啡。to do不定式表示目的?！咀兪接?xùn)練】The old lady got up just before sunrise, as she often does, _ along the beach and get some fresh

27、air. A. walked B. to walkC. walking D. having walked【解析】選B?？疾閯釉~不定式作目的狀語。句意：那位老太太和往常一樣在日出之前就起床了，為的是沿著海岸散散步呼吸一下新鮮的空氣。The old lady got up just befo3. With so many things _ , I have to work late into the night. Ato deal with Bdealt with Cdealing with Dbeing dealt with【解析】選A。考查非謂語動詞。句意：很多事情有待于處理，我得工作到深夜。

28、由空格后的部分可以看出， “so many things” 很多事情還沒有處理，所以用不定式表示將來。3. With so many things _【變式訓(xùn)練】With so many problems _ , Jack looks like a cat on a hot tin roof. A. solved B. to solve C. solving D. to be solved【解析】選B?？疾閯釉~不定式。句意：有如此多的問題要處理，杰克急得像熱鍋上的螞蟻。該題的關(guān)鍵是對俗語 “a cat on a hot tin roof（像熱鍋上的螞蟻一樣）” 的理解。既然是像熱鍋上的螞蟻一樣

29、，這說明很多問題有待于解決，所以用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，在該結(jié)構(gòu)中相當(dāng)于省略了for sb. ，故選B?！咀兪接?xùn)練】4. If you are the last student _ the room, remember to turn off the lights. A. leaving B. to leave C. left D. leaves【解析】選B?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意：如果你最后一個離開教室，請記住關(guān)燈。 “the + 序數(shù)詞 +名詞+ to do sth. ” 為固定用法，意為：第干的人。4. If you are the last studen5. （2013寶雞高一檢測）Sud

30、denly an idea flashed into her mind and she wanted to put it down immediately, but she couldnt find any paper _ . Awriting on Bto write Cwriting Dto write on【解析】選D?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意：突然一個想法閃現(xiàn)在她的腦海中，她想立即把它寫下來，但是她找不到任何紙張來寫。表示的是將要發(fā)生的動作，所以用動詞不定式，此外，write為不及物動詞，表示在紙上 “寫” ，用介詞on。5. （2013寶雞高一檢測）Suddenly an id6. （2

31、013杭州高一檢測） _ how mirrors produce images, we need to know what light does. A. Understanding B. Understood C. To understand D. Having understood【解析】選C?？疾閯釉~不定式作目的狀語。句意：要想理解鏡子的成像原理，我們需要知道光的作用。此處是不定式短語作目的狀語。6. （2013杭州高一檢測） _ how mi7. （2013南昌高一檢測）So much work needs doing this year, but the one _ immediate

32、ly is collecting money for the orphans. Adone Bto be done Cdoing Dbeing done【解析】選B。考查不定式的用法。句意：今年有很多事情要做，而需要馬上做的一件事就是為這些孤兒們籌集善款。表示將要做的事情，要用動詞不定式作定語；done表示已經(jīng)做完，being done表示某事正在被做。7. （2013南昌高一檢測）So much work n8. I regret _ you John has been fired. I can hardly believe my ears. Hes such a fine worker.

33、A. telling B. having told C. to tell D. to have told【解析】選C。考查非謂語動詞。句意：我遺憾地告訴你約翰已經(jīng)被解雇了。我?guī)缀醪荒芟嘈盼业亩?。他是一個如此好的工人。regret to tell意為 “遺憾地告訴” ，符合語境。regret doing sth. 對做過的事感到后悔。8. I regret _ you John 9. I feel greatly honored _ to make a speech in your school. A. to invite B. invitingC. to be invited D. invi

34、ted【解析】選C?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意：被邀請到貴校做報告，我感到非常榮幸。由invite與其邏輯主語I為動賓關(guān)系，可排除A和B，又因feel honored to do sth. 做某事感到榮幸，可排除D，故選C。9. I feel greatly honored _10. Traveling can broaden our view and it can make us _ after a long period of studying or working. A. feeling relaxed B. feeling relaxingC. feel relaxing D. feel r

35、elaxed【解析】選D。句意：旅游可以拓寬我們的視野，使我們在長時間的學(xué)習(xí)或工作后輕松一下。make 為使役動詞，后面跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，排除A和B；feel為系動詞，后跟形容詞作表語。relaxing “令人輕松的” ；relaxed “(人感到)輕松的” ，故選D。10. Traveling can broaden our11. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to have heardC. hearing D. being he

36、ard【解析】選A。句意：吃飯時孩子們說話聲音很大，因此我不得不努力讓別人聽到我說話。struggle to do sth. “努力去做某事” ；hear與I是動賓關(guān)系，故不定式用被動式。11. The children talked so lo12. He is said _ in the United States for three years. No wonder he speaks English so well. A. to have stayed B. to stayC. having stayed D. staying【解析】選A。句意：據(jù)說他在美國待了三年。難怪他的英語說得這

37、么好。be said 后接動詞不定式形式。根據(jù)句意，不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在句子謂語動作之前，所以應(yīng)用 to have stayed。12. He is said _ in the13. What else do we need for this trip besides food to eat and special clothes to wear?A tent _ in. Asleep BsleepingCto sleep Dslept【解析】選C?？疾榉侵^語動詞作定語。句意：除了吃的食物和穿的特殊衣服外，這次旅行我們還需要別的什么？一頂用來休息的帳篷。此處表示未來的動作，故需用不定式作后置定語，此處不定式短語to sleep in和它所修飾的名詞tent之間為動賓關(guān)系。13. What else do we need for 【變式訓(xùn)練】Well, a soup, a salad, and anything _ ， sir?An apple pie, please. Afollows Bto followCfollowed Dfollowing【解析】選B。句意：好的，一份湯，一份沙