2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號6

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題Grandma always paid attention to the needs, wishes and feelings of those around her. She was the most （ ）woman Ive ever known.問題1選項A.artificialB.merryC.considerateD.brilliant【答案】C【解析】形容詞辨析題。artificial人造的；merry愉快的；co

2、nsiderate體貼的，考慮周到的；brilliant杰出的。句意：奶奶總是關(guān)注身邊人的需求、愿望和感受。她是我所認(rèn)識的最體貼的女人。選項C符合語境。2.單選題They tried to collect all the pictures they could （ ）.問題1選項A.lay their hands onB.capitalize onC.wash their hands ofD.make the best of【答案】A【解析】考查詞組辨析。lay ones hands on意為“找到，得到，傷害”；capitalize on意為“充分利用某事物，從某事物中獲利”；wash on

3、es hands of意為“洗手不干，退出、不參與”；make the best of意為“充分利用”。句意：他們試圖收集所有他們能找到的照片。3.單選題The（ ） can help people to see very small objects.問題1選項A.metropolitanB.microphoneC.microscopeD.microware【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。metropolitan “大城市人”；microphone “擴音器”；microscope “顯微鏡”；microwave “微波爐”。句意：顯微鏡能讓人看到很小的東西。選項C符合題意。4.單選題Th

4、e new secretary has written a remarkably （ ） report only in a few pages but with all the details.問題1選項A.conciseB.clearC.preciseD.elaborate【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。concise “簡明的”；clear “清楚的”；precise “精確的”；elaborate “詳盡的”。句意：新秘書只用了幾張紙就寫出了一份包含所有的非常詳盡的報告。選項D符合題意。5.單選題Government today plays an increasingly larg

5、er role in the （ ）of welfare, economics,and education.問題1選項A.scopesB.rangesC.ranksD.domains【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。scope “范圍，眼界，視野”；range “范圍；幅度”；rank“級別，等級”；domain “領(lǐng)域，域，域名”。句意：現(xiàn)在政府在很多領(lǐng)域扮演著重要的角色，比如福利、經(jīng)濟和教育等。選項D符合題意。6.翻譯題Arnold Toynbee說過，一切進(jìn)步，一切發(fā)展均來自于挑戰(zhàn)及由此引起的反應(yīng)。沒有挑戰(zhàn)就沒有反應(yīng)，沒有發(fā)展，沒有自由。所以，我們首先應(yīng)該在我們的孩子的能力所允許的范圍

6、內(nèi)為他們開設(shè)要求最嚴(yán)格，最富有挑戰(zhàn)性的課程。我們可以向我們的孩子提供的第二個機會是允許他們有失敗的權(quán)利。如果沒有人可以失敗，那它算什么考驗，算什么自由呢？我們現(xiàn)在生活在一個越來越小的世界里，我們必須對現(xiàn)實保持清醒的認(rèn)識；而現(xiàn)實主義要求樹立一個要么成功要么失敗的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這些話聽起來很刺耳，但都是殘酷的事實。如果我們剝奪孩子失敗的權(quán)利，實際上我們就剝奪了他們?nèi)鐚嵉卣J(rèn)識世界的機會?！敬鸢浮緼rnold Toynbee has said that all progress, all development come from challenge and a consequent response. Wi

7、thout challenge there is no response, no development, no freedom. So first we owe to our children the most demanding, challenging curriculum that is within their capabilities.The second opportunity we can give our boys and girls is the right to failure. What kind of a test is it, what kind of freedo

8、m where no one can fail? We live in a narrowed world where we must be alert, awake to realism; and realism demands a standard which either must be met or result in failure. These are hard words, but they are brutally true. If we deprive our children of the right to fail we deprive them of their know

9、ledge of the world as it is.7.單選題It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the prese

10、nt by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It not only includes “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves, memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain beca

11、use he has sniffed (嗅出) something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer w

12、ith that of a human being. The instant access memory of large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words” string of alphabetic or numerical characters ready for instant use. An average U.S teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the

13、total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a persons memory is in terms of words a

14、nd combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and the king of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.1.Which of the following is TRUE about memory?2

15、.According to the passage, memory is helpful in ones life in the following aspects EXCEPT that （ ）.3.What is the authors view about computers and human beings in terms of intelligence?4.What is the major characteristic of mans memory capacity according to the author?5.Human beings make themselves di

16、fferent from other animals by（ ）.問題1選項A.It helps us perceive things happening around us every dayB.It is based on the decisions we made in the pastC.It is rooted in our past habits and skillsD.It connects our past experiences with the present問題2選項A.it involves a change in ones behaviorB.it keeps inf

17、ormation for later useC.it warns people not to do things repeatedlyD.it enables one to remember events that happened in the past問題3選項A.Computers have better memory than a child doesB.Computers are as intelligent as a teenager isC.Computers can understand as many as 100,000 wordsD.Human beings are fa

18、r superior to computers問題4選項A.It can be expanded by languageB.It can remember all the combined wordsC.It may keep all the information in the pastD.It may change what has been stored in it問題5選項A.having the ability to perceive dangerB.having a far greater memory capacityC.having the ability to recogni

19、ze faces and places on sightD.having the ability to draw on past experiences【答案】第1題:D第2題:C第3題:D第4題:A第5題:B【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。文章第一段第二句話提到“大量日常認(rèn)知的意義、我們做決定的依據(jù)和我們的習(xí)慣和技能的根源都是我們過去的經(jīng)歷，這些都是被記憶帶到現(xiàn)在來的”（The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habit

20、s and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory），由此可知，記憶能夠?qū)⑦^去與現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來，因此選項D符合題意。第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第二段第二句話提到“記憶不僅僅是記住算數(shù)和歷史事實這類事情，還包括動物典型行為的改變”（It not only includes “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the

21、 way an animal typically behaves），可知選項A“它涉及行為的改變”是正確的，排除；文章第二段第一句話提到“記憶被定義為是一種將信息保存留待以后使用的能力”（Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use），由此可知選項B正確，排除；文章第一段提到了依靠記憶，可以把過去的經(jīng)驗與現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來，選項D“記住過去發(fā)生的事情”正確，排除。因此，選項C符合題意。第3題:推理判斷題。文章第三段講述了計算機強大的存儲功能。計算機跟青少年都能記憶十萬左右的英語單詞，

22、但是單詞只是人類記憶中很小的一部分，人類還能記憶很多其他的內(nèi)容，比如，能一眼就分辨出不同的人臉和地方（However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight），可知人類比電腦要強，因此選項D符合題意。第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章最后一段提到“當(dāng)語言極大的擴大人能夠記住的事情和

23、事情最重要的部分的能力時，這需要有巨大的記憶存儲量”（But while language greatly expands the number and the king of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity），因此選項A“能夠擴大存儲量”符合題意。第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章最后一句話提到“可能就是這種記憶存儲量將人類與其他動物區(qū)分開來”（It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart f

24、rom other animals），因此選項B符合題意。8.單選題Henrys news report covering the conference was so （ ）that nothing had been omitted.問題1選項A.understandingB.comprehensibleC.comprehensiveD.understandable【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。understanding “理解”；comprehensible “可理解的”；comprehensive “綜合的；廣泛的”；understandable “可以理解的”。句意：亨利的新聞報道

25、非常詳盡，幾乎沒有遺漏。選項C符合題意。9.單選題The city government is （ ）reforming the social security system.問題1選項A.contemplatingB.reflectingC.overtakingD.nourishing【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析。contemplate意為“考慮，考慮接受（發(fā)生某事的可能性），深思熟慮”；reflect意為“反射（光、熱、聲或影像）”；overtake意為“追上，趕上”；nourish意為“滋養(yǎng)，施肥于”。句意：市政府正在考慮改革社會保障制度。10.單選題Every month 3 is

26、（ ）from our salary for house repairing payment.問題1選項A.excludedB.expelledC.compelledD.docked【答案】D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。exclude “排除，排斥”；expel “開除，逐出”；compel “迫使，強迫”；dock “扣除”。句意：每個月會從我們的工資中扣除3元作為房屋維修基金。選項D符合題意。11.單選題Russian and Norwegian scientists have reported finding stone objects and animal bones in the fa

27、r north of European Russia. The scientists say the objects provide the first evidence that ancient hunters lived in the area more than 30 thousand years ago. They say this is at least 15 thousand years earlier than experts had thought.The Russian and Norwegian team worked at a camp along the Usa Riv

28、er and the Arctic Circle. The scientists say they found several ancient stone tools. They also found 123 bones from animals such as horses, reindeer and wolves.The scientists say their most important discovery was a tusk from an ancient elephant called a mammoth（猛碼）.The huge, curved tooth was more t

29、han 1 meter long. The tusk is covered with small cuts. The scientists believe humans made the marks with sharp-edged stone tools.The scientists used a process known as radiocarbon（放射性碳）dating to measure the age of the tusk. Radiocarbon dating shows the level of a radioactive form of carbon in a subs

30、tance. The tests showed the tusk is about 36 thousand years old.The scientists say they are not sure what kind of humans left the stone objects and bones along the river. They said the people were either early humans called Neanderthals（穴居人）or modern humans.Modem humans spread through Europe and Asi

31、a 30 thousand years ago. The scientists say the ancient people needed a high level of social development to survive in the extremely cold environment.The objects were discovered about 300 kilometers northeast of another area where scientists say humans once lived. That area has objects more closely

32、linked to modem humans. Those objects are believed to be about 28 thousand years old.Nature magazine also published a report by John Gowlett of the University of Liverpool in England. He said the discovery shows the ability of early humans to do the unexpected. He also said the discovery should rene

33、w debate about the effects of the climate on the movements of early human population.1.Before the finding of stone objects and animal bones in the north of European Russia, some experts thought human beings lived in that area about （ ）.2.The following statements are true about the significance of th

34、is finding EXCEPT that（ ）.3.Which is the most important discovery among the findings?4.How old is the tusk? About（ ）years old.5.Which would be the best title of the passage?問題1選項A.10 thousand years agoB.15 thousand years agoC.28 thousand years agoD.20 thousand years ago問題2選項A.it brings forwards the

35、time in which ancient hunters lived in the areaB.it provides the evidence of a high level of ancient human societyC.it showed the unexpected ability of the early humansD.it indicates the effect of climate on the movement of early human population問題3選項A.A mammoth tusk covered with small cuts.B.Ancien

36、t stone tools.C.123 bones from animals.D.A long elephant tusk.問題4選項A.25 thousandB.28 thousandC.40 thousandD.36 thousand問題5選項A.New Discovery of Ancient Human BeingsB.Evidence of Ancient HuntersC.Unexpected Surviving Abilities of Ancient Human BeingsD.New Findings of Ancient Animals【答案】第1題:B第2題:B第3題:A

37、第4題:D第5題:B【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“The scientists say the objects provide the first evidence that ancient hunters lived in the area more than 30 thousand years ago. They say this is at least 15 thousand years earlier than experts had thought.”科學(xué)家說，這些物體提供了第一手證據(jù)，證明古代獵人在3萬多年前就生活在這個地區(qū)。他們說，這至少比專家們預(yù)想的早了1.5

38、萬年。由此可知，專家們預(yù)想的人類生活在這個地區(qū)的時間是在3萬減去1.5萬等于1.5萬年以前，也就是15 thousand years ago，所以選項B正確。第2題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的內(nèi)容“The scientists say the ancient people needed a high level of social development to survive in the extremely cold environment.”科學(xué)家們說，古人需要高度的社會發(fā)展才能在極端寒冷的環(huán)境中生存。由此可知，古代社會并沒有高度發(fā)展所以選項B不正確。第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“mo

39、st important discovery”定位到第三段第一句“The scientists say their most important discovery was a tusk from an ancient elephant called a mammoth.The tusk is covered with small cuts.”科學(xué)家們表示，他們最重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)是一頭名為猛犸象的古代大象的長牙。.長牙上有很多小切口。由此可知，選項A符合原文。第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“The tests showed the tusk is about 36 thousand year

40、s old.”測試顯示，這只象牙大約有3.6萬年的歷史。選項D符合原文。第5題:主旨大意題。原文第一段指出科學(xué)家在歐洲北部發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多有關(guān)古代獵人的證據(jù)，接下來的段落具體闡述和分析這些證據(jù)，最后得出結(jié)論，這些證據(jù)也體現(xiàn)了環(huán)境對早期人類遷徙的影響。由此可知，本文的主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于古代獵人的證據(jù)，選項B最為恰當(dāng)。12.單選題We dont think that his（ ）ability has been well developed.問題1選項A.possibleB.potentialC.initialD.invisible【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。possible “可能的”；pote

41、ntial “有潛力的”；initial “最初的”；invisible “看不見的”。句意：我們認(rèn)為他的潛力沒有被好好挖掘。選項B符合題意。13.單選題Our （ ） talks promised a good future for our cooperation.問題1選項A.interiorB.insuranceC.initialD.invisible【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。interior “內(nèi)部的”；insurance “保險”；initial “最初的”；invisible “看不見的”。句意：我們的初次會談為我們的合作展現(xiàn)了一個好的未來。選項C符合題意。14.單選題

42、People tend to ignore the delayed effects of（ ）to chemicals because the danger doesnt become apparent immediately.問題1選項A.exposureB.exploitC.explosionD.exponent【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。exposure “暴露”；exploit “功績”；explosion “爆炸”；exponent “倡導(dǎo)者，鼓吹者”。句意：人們傾向于忽視接觸化學(xué)物質(zhì)的遲延效應(yīng)，因為這些危害不會立刻表現(xiàn)出來。選項A符合題意。15.單選題Physically

43、we feel comfortable. But （ ）, we suffer a lot.問題1選項A.psychologicallyB.moderatelyC.naturallyD.precisely【答案】A【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。psychologically “心理上地”；moderately “適度地”；naturally “自然地”；precisely “精準(zhǔn)地”。句意：我們身體上很舒服，但是精神上備受折磨。選項A符合題意。16.單選題The successful cooperation between the two countries should be based on

44、（ ）respect and help.問題1選項A.respectiveB.mutualC.simultaneousD.separate【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。respective意為“各自的，分別的”；mutual意為“相互的，彼此的，共有的”；simultaneous意為“同時發(fā)生（或進(jìn)行）的，同步的”；separate意為“獨立的，分開的”。句意：兩個國家之間的成功合作應(yīng)建立在相互尊重和幫助的基礎(chǔ)上。17.單選題The importance of interior design becomes （ ）when we realize how much time we spend

45、 surrounded by four walls.問題1選項A.attractiveB.appropriateC.evidentD.obscure【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞辨析。attractive意為“有魅力的，吸引人的”；appropriate意為“適當(dāng)?shù)模线m的”；evident意為“明顯的，明白的”；obscure意為“昏暗的，朦朧的”。句意：當(dāng)我們意識到我們花了多少時間待在家里時，室內(nèi)設(shè)計的重要性就變得明顯了。18.單選題Susan has （ ）the elbows of her sons jacket with leather patches to make it more

46、durable.問題1選項A.reinforcedB.sustainedC.steadiedD.confirmed【答案】A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。reinforce “加固，加強”；sustain “維持，忍受”；steady “穩(wěn)固，使堅定”；confirm “確認(rèn)，確定”。句意：蘇珊用皮革補丁將她兒子的肘部進(jìn)行加固，使它更耐用。選項A符合題意。19.單選題Since the two countries couldnt （ ） their differences, they decided to declare war on each other.問題1選項A.resignB.renew

47、C.recoverD.restore【答案】A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。resign “辭職，放棄”；renew “更新”；recover “恢復(fù)”；restore “恢復(fù)，還原”。句意：由于兩國不能放棄他們的不同之處，他們決定相互宣戰(zhàn)。選項A符合題意。20.單選題Cares should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is（ ）loud continuous noise.問題1選項A.associated withB.subjected toC.filled withD.attached to【答案】B【解析】考查詞組辨析。

48、be associated with意為“與聯(lián)系”；be subjected to意為“受到，被折磨”；be filled with意為“充滿，裝滿”；be attached to意為“附屬于，喜愛”。句意：應(yīng)注意縮短人們遭受持續(xù)噪聲的時間長度。21.翻譯題In 1924, a Mexican philosopher wrote a book dreaming of the possibility that, in the future, all races on the planet would merge into one type of man. This of man is being

49、 borne in Los Angeles, in the cultural sense if not the anthropological (a.人類學(xué)的) sense. A vast mosaic (n.拼盤) of different races, cultures, religions, and moral habits are working toward one common aim. From the perspective of a world submerged in religious, ethnic, and racial conflict, this harmonio

50、us cooperation is something unbelievable. It is truly striking.What is common aim that harmonizes competing cultures in one place?It is not only the better living standard. What attracts immigrants to America is the essential characteristic of American culture: the chance to try. There is a combinat

51、ion of two things that are important: culture and space. The culture allows you to try to be somebodyto find yourself, your place, your status. And there is space not only in a geographical sense, but in the sense of opportunity, of social mobility. In societies that are in crisis or are stagnant(a.

52、停滯的)or even are stable there is no chance to try.If the immigrant to America at first fails, he always thinks, “I will try again.”If he had failed in the old society, he would be discouraged and pessimistic, accepting the place that was given to him. In America, hes thinking, “I will have another ch

53、ance, I will try again.” That keeps him going. Hes full of hope.【答案】1924年，一位墨西哥哲學(xué)家在他的一本著作中，夢想著未來地球上所有不同種族都融合成一種類型人的可能性。在文化的意義上，即便不是在人種的意義上，這樣一種類型的人正在洛杉磯誕生。由不同種族、不同文化、不同宗教和不同道德行為組成的巨大合成體正奔向一個共同的目標(biāo)。世界充滿著宗教的、種族的、民族的沖突，從這個角度來看，這種融洽的合作令人難以置信。也的確令人矚目。使得在一個地區(qū)的相互競爭的文化和諧共存的共同目標(biāo)是什么呢？目標(biāo)不僅僅是更高的生活水準(zhǔn)。吸引移民前來美國的是美國

54、文化的主要特性：有嘗試的機會。文化與空間這兩個重要方面結(jié)合了起來。文化使你得想辦法出人頭地去發(fā)現(xiàn)自我，找到自己的位置、自己的地位。還有空間，不僅僅是地理意義上的空間，更是指機會，指社會身份的流動性。在充滿危機的社會中，在停滯不前的社會中甚至在那些穩(wěn)定的社會中沒有嘗試的機會。如果美國移民開始時遭遇失敗，他總是想：“我要再試一下”。如果他在原來的社會中遭遇失敗，他就會失去信心，變得悲觀失望，接受自己所處的地位。在美國，他想的是：“我還會有機會，我還要試一下。”這使他堅持下去。他充滿了希望。22.單選題This ticket （ ）you to a free boat tour on the lak

55、e.問題1選項A.entitlesB.appointsC.grantsD.credits【答案】A【解析】動詞辨析題。entitle給某人權(quán)利或資格；appoint任命，委派；grant授予，允許；credit信任，歸功于。句意：這張票使你有資格免費在湖上乘船游覽。選項A符合句意。23.單選題With the help of the government, a large number of people （ ）after the flood in 1991.問題1選項A.survivedB.suspendedC.sufferedD.subjected【答案】A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。sur

56、vive “幸存，生還”；suspend“延緩”；suffer “遭受，允許，寬恕”；subject“使遭受”。句意：在政府的幫助下，很多人在1991年的洪水中幸存下來。選項A符合題意。24.單選題The survey found 80 percent of viewers were （ ）by the violent scenes in the film.問題1選項A.damagedB.alertedC.offendedD.discouraged【答案】C【解析】動詞辨析題。damage損害；alert警惕；offend冒犯；discourage阻止，使氣餒。句意：調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，80%的觀眾會被

57、電影中的暴力鏡頭所觸怒。be offended by意為“被.觸怒”，選項C符合句意。25.單選題When making modern cameras people began to （ ）plastics for metal.問題1選項A.surroundB.substanceC.stretchD.substitute【答案】D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。surround “包圍”；substance “物質(zhì)；實質(zhì)”；stretch “伸展，拉緊”；substitute “替代，代替”。句意：在制造現(xiàn)代相機時，人們開始用塑料代替金屬。選項D符合題意。26.單選題A railway ticket

58、 should indicate the place of departure as well as the （ ）of the trip.問題1選項A.arrivalB.imageC.destinationD.sequence【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。arrival意為“到達(dá)，抵達(dá)”；image意為“形象，印象，畫像”；destination意為“目的地，終點”；sequence意為“一系列，一連串，順序”。句意：火車票應(yīng)注明出發(fā)地點和旅行目的地。27.單選題Tom, did it ever （ ）to you that you would be punished for cheati

59、ng on exams?問題1選項A.happenB.occurC.reflectD.strike【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。happen “發(fā)生,碰巧”；occur “發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)”；reflect “反應(yīng)”；strike “撞擊；罷工”。句意：湯姆，你是否曾想過會因為考試作弊受到處罰呢？occur to “想起，突然想起”。選項B符合題意。28.單選題The republication(再版)of the poets most recent works will certainly （ ）his national reputation.問題1選項A.magnifyB.enlargeC

60、.strengthenD.enhance【答案】D【解析】動詞辨析題。magnify放大；enlarge擴大；strengthen鞏固，加強；enhance提高，增加。句意：這位詩人最新作品的再次出版必將提高他在全國的聲譽。選項D更符合語境。29.單選題We should get （ ）to that new journal.問題1選項A.a subscriptionB.a prescriptionC.an inscriptionD.a conscription【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。subscription “捐獻(xiàn)，訂閱”；prescription “藥方，指示”；inscrip