2023屆高三英語名校試題精品匯編巨獻(xiàn)(第1期)專題09-非謂語動詞

1、2023屆高三英語名校試題巨獻(xiàn)教師版第14講 非謂語動詞 解題指導(dǎo)每年英語高考測試中，詞匯考查總會占一定的比例，而動詞更是重點考查詞類，尤其是非謂語動詞，已成為歷年來全國卷和各地考卷中的高頻考點，無論是單項選擇題還是閱讀題、作文題或是短文改錯題，都會涉及到非謂語動詞的考點。不管題目怎樣變化，但其考點總是不變的只是重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)。所以，掌握并運(yùn)用好考點知識那么會起著事倍功半的作用。本篇主要圍繞非謂語動詞在單項選擇題中出現(xiàn)的考點作一剖析，以期幫助廣闊考生熟練地掌握和運(yùn)用之。在高考英語測試中有關(guān)非謂語動詞的考點主要有以下幾項：考點一：從時態(tài)和語態(tài)考查非謂語動詞的用法英語高考試題中從時態(tài)和語態(tài)來考查非謂語

2、動詞的題目是比擬多的，其中有單獨考查非謂語動詞時態(tài)的，有單獨考查其語態(tài)的，而多數(shù)題是從時態(tài)和語態(tài)兩方面來綜合考查的。 例1、_the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.(廣東2004第26題) A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed【解析】選C。句意為“因為還沒有完成這個節(jié)目制作，所以他們還必須在那再呆上兩周。根據(jù)句意可知空格處所填的非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語they存在著主動關(guān)系，所以非謂語動

3、詞需用主動語態(tài)即現(xiàn)在分詞形式，在時態(tài)上應(yīng)用完成時態(tài)。另外現(xiàn)在分詞的否認(rèn)形式那么為“not現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成，所以答案為C項了。例2、The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. A. produced B. being producedC. to be producedD. having been produced例3、“Things _ never come again!I couldnt help talking to myself.A.lost B.losing C.tolose D.havelost【解析】選A。句

4、意為“失去的東西不會再來！我禁不住地對自己說。這是一個含有直接引語的復(fù)合句，做題時最關(guān)鍵的是首先找到直接引語中謂語動詞即never come，由此可判定空格處需填非謂語動詞。由非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語things之間存在的被動關(guān)系可知需要用被動式，選項B,C和D都是主動形式，所以答案選A項。【考點小結(jié)】仔細(xì)觀察這些題目可知有其共同的考點，即選擇謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞；選擇主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài)；選擇過去式還是將來式或是完成式等。做此類題的根本步驟為：方法：非謂語動詞形式主要有三種：不定式包括to do或do兩種形式、分詞即現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing和 過去分詞ed兩種形式和動名詞即V-ing形式。一般情況

5、下，不定式含有“將來的意思，現(xiàn)在分詞含有“正在進(jìn)行或?qū)⒁M(jìn)行的意思并表示主動意義，過去分詞含有“過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的意思并含有被動意義考點二、從詞的慣用法或固定結(jié)構(gòu)搭配考查非謂語動詞的用法例1、I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _.A. to be breathedB. to breatheC. breathingD. being breathed例2、David threatened his neighbour to the police if the damages were not pai

6、d. A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported 【解析】選C。句意為“David 威脅說如果損失得不到賠償，他就把鄰居告到警察那去。此題要熟知threaten to do sth威脅要做某事結(jié)構(gòu)，所以空格要填不定式。再根據(jù)選項中動詞與邏輯主語David之間存在著主動關(guān)系，就可以判定應(yīng)該選C項了。例3、The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! AarrivedBarrives Cto arriveDarriving 【解析】選C。句意為“這頓飯聚餐誰最后到達(dá)，誰買單。同意！第一句

7、中謂語動詞是pays支付，因此空格處缺少的應(yīng)是非謂語動詞，而且充當(dāng)the last one的后置定語，兩者屬于主動關(guān)系。句中l(wèi)ast屬于序數(shù)詞，在“the first/ second/ last中心詞或“形容詞最高級中心詞結(jié)構(gòu)中，后置定語一般用不定式，這是一個固定搭配。所以答案是C了?！究键c小結(jié)】從詞的慣用法和固定結(jié)構(gòu)方面來考查非謂語動詞，只能需要考生在平時學(xué)習(xí)中要多加積累并學(xué)會在語境中理解才能更好地應(yīng)付。但下面幾點需要特別注意。1、不定式的主動形式表示被動含義有三種情況。1在“be表示特征性質(zhì)的形容詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中；該結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有： easy ，hard ， difficult ， i

8、mportant ， impossible ， interesting ， pleasant ， nice ， comfortable ， safe ， dangerous ， cheap ， fit ， heavy，happy, glad, pleasant, sorry, lucky, surprised, angry, able, right, ready, clever, foolish, quick, slow, polite, wrong等。這類形容詞既說明主語的特性，又與后面的不定式構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。2不定式與疑問詞連用時；3某些動詞如to blame/seek/let等的不定式與b

9、e動詞連用時，。2、后面常接動名詞作賓語的動詞或詞組有：admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, cant help, consider, delay, excuse, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep on, mind, practice, suggest, understand, miss, 4、后面接動詞原形即不帶to的不定式作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有以下幾種情況。在感官動詞后如hear, feel, watch, notice, see, discover, observe, listen to, look at等作賓語

10、補(bǔ)足語時；在使役動詞后如have, make, let, leave等作賓語補(bǔ)足語時；在一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)后如had better, would rather, rather than, cant help but等作賓語時；以why開頭的省略疑問句中； regret doing對做過的事表示遺憾或懊悔stop to do停止下來去做另一件事 stop doing停止正在做的事go on to do做完一件事后，繼續(xù)去做另一件事 go on doing繼續(xù)做原來的事 try to do 盡力要去做某事 try doing 嘗試做某事 mean to do 打算去做某事 mean doing 意味去做

11、某事考點三：從獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)考查非謂語動詞的用法例1、I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year.A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 【解析】選 C。句意為“我今天先付給你一百美圓，其余的將在年內(nèi)給你。前后兩局部之間只有逗號相隔，而沒有連接詞，所以可以判定后一局部應(yīng)為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)?？崭裉帒?yīng)填分詞或不定式。根據(jù)時間狀語in a year可知，非謂語動詞要用將來時態(tài)，而且與其邏輯主語the rest存在著主動關(guān)系。所以答案應(yīng)是C了。 例2、The country has

12、already sent up three unmanned spacecraft，the most recent _ at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched 【考點小結(jié)】獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是英語中的一個特殊短語結(jié)構(gòu)，它只有邏輯上的主語名詞或代詞充當(dāng)和謂語一般用分詞，不定式，形容詞，副詞，數(shù)詞，介詞短語來充當(dāng)，而沒有語法意義上的主語和謂語，主要用語書面語中，在口語中不常用，在句子中起狀語作用，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句，表示時間、原因、方式

13、、條件、伴隨情況等，用于修飾整個句子。其位置可放在句首、句中或句尾，與主句之間只有逗號相隔，而沒有任何連詞相連，這是區(qū)別獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分句的主要特征。非謂語動詞充當(dāng)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯謂語，主要有兩種形式，即“邏輯主語分詞和“邏輯主語不定式。在“分詞選擇上是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞以及“不定式語態(tài)確定上主要根據(jù)邏輯主語和邏輯謂語之間的關(guān)系是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系來確定，假設(shè)是被動關(guān)系就選擇過去分詞或不定式的被動式，假設(shè)是主動關(guān)系就選擇現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式的主動式。另外，還有一種省略邏輯主語的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，即當(dāng)邏輯主語表示一般人如we, you, one等時，主語可省略。這時獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個插入語。

14、如，generally speaking一般來說, strictly speaking嚴(yán)格地說, talking of談到, speaking of說到, judging from由來判斷, considering考慮到,taking all things into consideration把一切考慮在內(nèi)等?？键c四：從句法功能考查非謂語動詞的用法例1、A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _all four people on board. A. killed B. killing C. kill

15、s D. to kill 例2、At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and _ what to do about his future. A. living; wondering B. lived; wonderingC. lived; wondered D. living; wondered【考點小結(jié)】有比擬才有鑒別，為了便于識別非謂語動詞的各種句法功能，筆者列出下表供同學(xué)們識別、記憶和運(yùn)用。成分形式主語謂語賓 語表語狀語定語同位語獨立成分直接賓語短語動詞賓語介詞賓語形容詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)語不定

16、式動名詞 現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞注：表示非謂語形式可以充當(dāng)?shù)某煞终f明：1、可作主語的只有不定式和動名詞，兩者區(qū)別： 兩者可互換，都可以用it作形式主語。 在問句there be和Its no good/use句型中多用動名詞。 從時間概念上區(qū)別，不定式多表示將來或已完成，而動名詞一般無時間概念。2、可作賓語的有不定式、動名詞和分詞，但兩者區(qū)別在于： 不定式不能作介詞的賓語。 動名詞不能作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞只可作賓語補(bǔ)足語，而不能作其他賓語。 關(guān)于不定式、動名詞或分詞究竟在情況下可跟在動詞后面作賓語，可以結(jié)合“考點二小結(jié)來區(qū)別和運(yùn)用。3、非謂語動詞都可以作表語，但所表達(dá)的意義和特點不盡相

17、同可見下表非謂語動詞作表語的區(qū)別4、非謂語動詞作狀語時也是有區(qū)別的具體情況見下表，作目的狀語和結(jié)果狀語的通常是不定式，分詞一般作時間狀語、原因狀語、條件狀語和伴隨狀語。另外，動名詞不作狀語。狀語時間原因條件伴隨目的結(jié)果不定式動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞5、非謂語動詞都可作定語，但也有區(qū)別見下表。與被修飾詞的位置關(guān)系與被修飾詞的邏輯關(guān)系時間概念不定式位于被修飾詞之后動賓關(guān)系表示將來或?qū)l(fā)生動名詞位于被修飾詞之前表示被修飾詞的性能作用經(jīng)常發(fā)生現(xiàn)在分詞或前或后主謂關(guān)系正在發(fā)生過去分詞或前或后動賓關(guān)系已經(jīng)發(fā)生名校模擬試題匯編訓(xùn)練15分鐘1.【2023屆江西省臨川一中高三6月信息卷】28.He was wat

18、ching for kids _ out from between _ cars and slowed down when he thought he saw something. A. dashing, parked B. dash, parking C. dashing, parking D. to dash, parked2.【2023屆江西省臨川一中高三6月信息卷】33. Was it _ the international conference that made the city the focus of this area? A. held B. hold C. holding

19、D. being held【答案】C【解析】考查非謂語動詞的用法。此處強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動名詞短語holding the international conference，其作主語。3.【2023屆安徽高考最后一卷】30. Weifang is famous for its annual international kite festival,people from dozens of countries and regions every April since 1984.A. attracted B. having been attracted C. attracting D. havi

20、ng attracted4.【2023屆安徽省六安一中高三第十次月考】22、The noise , she couldnt live here any longer.Ais too loud to put up Bis too loud to live withCbeing too loud to put up Dbeing too loud to live with【答案】D【解析】考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞作原因狀語；live with 意為put up with.5.【2023屆上海市高考適應(yīng)性考試英語試卷】29. As we have mentioned previously, we

21、will be dedicated to solving the problem within the current framework, rather than _ a new one. A. establishing B. establish C. to establish D. established【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語動詞的用法。此處rather than前后為并列關(guān)系，與solving并列。6.【2023屆上海市高考適應(yīng)性考試英語試卷】31. The possibility of a murder _, the police have set about looking f

22、or the clues to her suicide. A. to be excluded B. to exclude C. having excluded D. having been excluded 【答案】D【解析】考查非謂語動詞的用法。此處of是介詞，句意：謀殺的可能性已經(jīng)被排除，警察已經(jīng)著手尋找她自殺的線索。7.【2023屆上海市高考適應(yīng)性考試英語試卷】34. We had better not bother our professor these days, for he is awfully busy preparing a report _ at an internatio

23、nal conference next month. A. being delivered B. to be delivered C. to deliver D. delivered 8.【2023屆上海市高考適應(yīng)性考試英語試卷】37. _ by greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven【答案】A【解析】考查過去分詞短語作狀語。句意：因為受到更多蔬菜需求的驅(qū)使，農(nóng)民們建了更多的溫室。9.【202

24、3屆天津一中高三第五次月考】7. Husband and wife with a common duty to the country will find themselves _.A. draw close togetherB. to draw close togetherC. drawing close together D. drawn close together10.【2023屆甘肅蘭州一中三診】12. It is better for you to lose weight by taking exercise every morning. - I think your sugges

25、tion deserves _.A. try B. tried C. to be tried D. to try【答案】C【解析】考查非謂語動詞的用法。句意：我認(rèn)為你的建議值得被試試。11.【2023屆西安八校聯(lián)考二】21_ very upset and sensitive, Freddy realized that they must leave the country before itbecame too painful for themAFeeling BFeel CFelt DTo feel【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語動詞的用法。此處因feel與主語Freddy之間是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)

26、在分詞。12.【2023屆西安八校聯(lián)考二】25I would like to make friends with any person who is comfortable _Ato talk to Bto be talked to Cto talk Dto be talked【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語動詞的用法。此處person作talk to的賓語，用主動形式。13.【2023屆河北省唐山市三?！?4awake ,he finished a cup of coffee and ordered another.AStayingBStayedCTo stayDHaving stayed14.

27、【2023屆河北省唐山市三?！?2We are sure to get all work by next Tuesday. Trust me .AdoneBhaving doneCbeing doneDto do【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語動詞的用法。解題關(guān)鍵：get sth done意為：使某事被做。句意：截止到星期二我們一定能完成所有的工作。相信我。15.【2023屆江蘇徐州市高考信息卷】29. Much disappointed as he is _in the job interview, he still keeps his confidence.A. to have failed

28、B. failed C. having failed D. failing【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語動詞的用法。此處相當(dāng)于：as he is much disappointed to have failed in the job interview。句意：盡管他對工作面試失敗感到很失望，但他仍然很有信心。16.【2023屆江西臨川一中沖刺卷】21. Would you like to go to the party tonight?Id love to, but there are so many rooms _.A、to have paintedB、paintedC、being paint

29、edD、to paint【答案】D【解析】考查非謂語動詞。 語意；我很樂意去，但我還有很多房間需要粉刷。此處應(yīng)用動詞不定式作后置定語表示將要做的動作。17.【2023屆江西臨川一中沖刺卷】33. _ as a promising tennis player in the world, Chinese player Zheng Jie succeeded in entering the next round in French Open Tennis.A、Having acknowledgedB、AcknowledgingC、AcknowledgedD、To acknowledge18.【2023屆四川成都市樹德協(xié)進(jìn)中學(xué)5月月考】23. _ extremely exhausted, I turned to look at the puppy that _ at the door. A. Felt, lied B. F