高分子專業(yè)英語課堂重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)及短語評析課件

1、課堂重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)及短語評析 Unit 1 What are polymer?高分子科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展簡史1830s1920s高分子科學(xué)的萌芽時期，高分子合成的初期探索BerzeliusHofmanOstromislenskyBeakeland1920s1940s大分子學(xué)說興起，各學(xué)科鏈形成并迅速發(fā)展StaudingerCarothersMark1950s1960s 高分子各學(xué)科鏈擴(kuò)展，形成高分子科學(xué)體系FloryZiegler-NattaSzwarc1970s高分子學(xué)科全面進(jìn)入“高分子時代”MerrifieldMorawetzMarkCompany LogoUnit 1 What are polyme

2、r?for one thing : I didnt buy the shirt yesterday. For one thing it costs much, and for another its the wrong color.be made up of: The committee is made up of seven people.be made of: Tire is made of natural rubber.Company LogoUnit 1 What are polymer?Add SubtractionMultiplicationDivide PowerExtracti

3、on Equal toapproximateIn the order toApproachFormulaequation Company LogoUnit 1 What are polymer?for instanceOn further heatingas against: The business done this year amounts to ten thousand dollars as against eight thousand dollars last year.Company LogoUnit 1 What are polymer?figure DiagramIllustr

4、ationoutlineTableScheduleChartcatalogCompany LogoUnit 1 What are polymer?Figure 2 DTA curves of thermal degradation of NR-a and NR-m Fig. 2 Fig.5-2 Fig. Company LogoUnit 1 What are polymer?with respect to: With respect to the structure of a polymer.Up toTake . Instead Company LogoUnit 1 What are pol

5、ymer?be attributed to: His failure in the exam was attributed to laziness.Company LogoUNIT 2 Chain polymerizationbe proportional to: The increase in the price is proportional to the improvement in the quality.lie in: from a superficial point of view: From a superficial point of view, he is a Jack-of

6、-all-trades, but maybe he will become a common people in future.Company LogoUNIT 2 Chain polymerizationin the proper(strict、literal、figurative)sense 在本來（嚴(yán)格、字面、比喻）的意義上說的。 In the proper strict sense, his theory is only a hypothesis.play an important role in: He plays an important role in city Politics

7、.Company LogoUNIT 3 Step-Growth olymerizationfollow: to be a necessary effect or result 由推斷、隨之而來 He is rich, it doesnt follow (=you cannot reason from this) that he is happy.substitute: 用A代替B substitude A for B(或 substitute B by A or substitute B with A) The teacher was sick today, so we had a subst

8、itute. They dont like potatoes, so we substitute rice. She substituted for the worker who was ill. Money is no substitute for happiness. Wu should not substitute our personal feelings for the partys policy.fall into: The story falls into three parts. The textbook falls into five chapters.depending o

9、n: We should apply the rule depending on specific circumstances.by virtue of: He was promoted by (in) virtue of his ability.in a stepwise fashion: stepwise 逐步（漸）的、分段的wise: 構(gòu)成副詞，表示“方向”“位置”“狀態(tài)”“樣子”如 clockwise, counterclockwise, anywise He has captured her love in a stepwise fashion.be identical into:

10、The fingerprints of no two persons are identical. Your voice is identical to hers in volume.build-up: The build-up of suspense began half way through the movie. Theres been a large build-up of traffic on the roads over the past year.Company LogoUNIT 4 Ionic Polymerizationcharacterize: His style is c

11、haracterized by brevity. This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind. 犯罪心里是這種行為的特征。with explosive violence: violence: very great force in action or feeling The wind blew with explosive violence.give rise to: lead to; to be the cause of These bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crime

12、.more or less: Most people are more of less selfish. She is more or less crazy. I am more or less tired after such a long trip.much less: I didnt even see him, much less speak to him. so-called: They are so-called Christians who show no love to anyone.in the presence of: He was questioned in the pre

13、sence of a large number of people.just as: He came just as I was leaving.in detail: There is no time to explain in detail.Company LogoUNIT 5 Molecular Weight and its Distributions of Polymersminimum: 反義詞 maximum We should achieve the maximum of efficiency with the minimum of labor. Todays maximum te

14、mperature will be 40 degrees.optimum: best or most favorable Parents should establishcreate optimum conditions for their childrens growth.contaminant: -ant: “的”、“者”radiant, defiant(挑戰(zhàn)、對抗的)colligative: 動詞形式colligate 縛綁；綜合，概括 to tie or bind togetherbe associated with: His very(與the, this , 或 my, your等

15、連用，以加強(qiáng)語氣)name is associated with awe. 他的大名聽之使人敬畏。level off(out): Unemployment is leveling off. 失業(yè)逐漸停止增加。in most instances: He failed in the exam, but in most instances, he is a good student.be essential for: Air and water is essential for life.speak of: The islands have no trees to speak of.這些島上毫無樹木

16、可言。 free from: Today is free from wind. 今天無風(fēng)。 She was free from all blame for the accident. People with certain diseases have to eat salt-free foods.be biased toward(s): He is biased towards his youngest son. He is biased against me.a variety of: many different The shop has a variety of toys. His fa

17、ilure was due to a variety of reasons.Company LogoUNIT 7 Morphology of Solid Polymersdiffraction: dis- 分離、除去、剝奪、否定、相反； dif(在f前)為dis的變體； fraction: n. 小部分、片斷、碎片、一點(diǎn)兒、一些 a fraction closer 分散、餾分、級分 a proper/improper fractionplatelet: -let “小”booklet hamlet 村莊、小村子 “在上佩戴飾品” armlet ankletoccluded: oc為ob-在c前

18、的變體，逆、反、非、倒in the nature of: His request was in the nature of a command. 他的請求近乎命令。（be）typical of: The disease is typical of its kind. It is typical of the hero to take hard jobs.in (out of)character: like (unlike) ones usual nature 與一個人平日的性格相合（不相合） she gave the poor woman clothes and money , an acti

19、on entirely in character.considerto do: He was considered to do some great things.pass through: Our old generation revolutionists passed through various war tests.contributeto: He has contributed all his life to education.in between: He maintains an in-between stand on civil rights. 在民權(quán)問題上他保持一種中立的態(tài)度

20、。 There should be no in-between , no compromises.in the form of: Water appears also in the form of ice, snow, or stem.back and forth: He walked back and forth along the shore. 他沿岸來回走動。be pictured as: It is shard to picture life a hundred years age. Knowledge can be pictured as an important tool to m

21、ake a living.Company LogoUNIT 8 Structure and Properties of Polymersthermoset: thermo-“熱（電的）” thermocouple 熱電偶subdivideininto: We divide “Liangyuang” into CATAS and SCUTA and subdivide them into several teaching and research departments respectively.range(from)to: The prices for telephones range fro

22、m $3 to $100.be situated onat, in: Our campus is situated at Baodiao village.exception to: There is one exception to this rule. You must answer all the questions without exception. Its been very cold, but todays an exception; its warm and sunny. straighten out: Straighten(out) your shoulders. We mus

23、t straighten out our accounts and see how much we owe each other.attraction for: The cinema has much attraction for me. The attraction of the moon for the earth causes the e under: This play comes under the heading (題目；標(biāo)題)of social criticism. 這戲劇就屬于社會批評劇之類。 The matter comes under the state Departmen

24、t. 這事應(yīng)歸國務(wù)院處理。(be)subjected to: He was subjected to treatment(operation).In the order of: The average age for university education is in the order of 18.from the mechanistic point of view: From the mechanistic point of view, this is polymerization.be derived from: Many English words are derived from

25、Latin.in a regular fashion: The molecules are arranged in a regular fashion in the matter.bear in mind: Bear in mind that your knowledge is limited and you should work harder.with the advent of: With the advent of spring, the climate is becoming warm and warm. Society has changed rapidly since the a

26、dvent of car.in (with) relation to: You must judge his work in relation to the circumstances. We must plan in (with) relation to the future.Company LogoUNIT 10 Preparations of Amino Resins in Laboratorycompare with: Comparing the present with the past, the old worker feels very grateful to the Commu

27、nist Party.be charged into: A large quantity of powder is charged into the gun. He was arrested on a charge of murder. Im in charge of this department. She took charge of the family business when her father died. This store has a charge for delivery service. What are the charges in the hotel?equippe

28、d with: The bike is equipped with a head light.set aside: I will set aside the sun of money for future use.submit to: All difficult problems in the textbook can be submitted to me and Ill try my best to solve them.transferto: Her husband has transferred his love to another woman. The love of his gir

29、lfriend causes him to do what she wants him to do.Company LogoUNIT 11 Reactor Typesregardless of+n.: He keeps up doing physical exercise every day regardless of wind or rain. Regardless of sex or age, everyone should observe the law.at the outset: At the outset of his career he has nothing but a wis

30、e brain. At the outset, it looked like a nice day.result from: The traffic accident resulted from careless driving.say for + n./say that + clause: Shall we start sometime later this week, say for Friday? Any one, say for me, might have done so.find extensive application in: Plastics finds extensive

31、application in household wares.Company LogoUNIT 13 General Description of the VC Suspension Polymerization Processcentrifuge: -fuge “驅(qū)逐” “逐出” fugal “離開” centrifugalby far: He is by far the tallest among us. The professors explanation is clearer by far. He is by far the cleverest boy in the school.ha

32、ve an adverse effect on: Some programmes on TV have, indeed, an adverse effect on the growth of children.Reading materialscoalescence: coalesce v. 結(jié)合、聯(lián)合 n: coalition Many different groups joined the coalition against government spending cuts.latent: existing but not yet noticeable or fully developed

33、 Latent disease germs. Latent qualities (talent, ability) The power of a grain of wheat to grow into a plant remains latent if it is not planted.potential: existing in possibility; not at present active or developed, but able to become so The boy is a potential genius.Company LogoUNIT 14 Styrene-But

34、adiene Copolymerpyrophosphate: pyro-“火”、“熱”、“焦（性）” “火成的”by courtesy of: by courtesy of the author 經(jīng)作者同意（轉(zhuǎn)載稿件、圖片等時的編輯用語） 蒙.允許、蒙好意、贈送（借用） The furniture for the play was supplied by courtesy of Blank Brothers. 戲劇中所用家具蒙白蘭克兄弟好意贈送。followed by: Spring is followed by summer.be superior to: (junior/senior/in

35、ferior) The shirt is superior to that one in quality.be substituted for N: Plastics is substituted for steel in some household applications.can nottoo (over): 總不嫌過分、越越好 You cannot be too (over) careful in the coming exam. I cannot recommend the film too strongly. This point cannot be overemphasized.

36、 We could not be more pleased with the picture.Company LogoUNIT 15 Heat Transfer Processby means of: He made his fortune by means of smuggling.it has been suspected that: It has been suspected that he is a liar.Company LogoUNIT 17 Introduction to Modelling of Polymerization Kineticsrecursive: recurs

37、ive function theory 遞歸函數(shù)論in some sense: What you said in some sense is true. You are right in a sense, but you dont know all the facts.In as much as: since; becauseInasmuch as the debtor has no property, I abandoned the claim.因為債務(wù)人沒有財產(chǎn)，故我放棄債權(quán)（索賠）。 Inasmuch as you serve your classmates, you are not a

38、fraid to have your shortcomings pointed out.Company LogoUNIT 18 Polymerization Process Instrumentationshort-term: He got a short-term loan. I am sure that in the long run, he will prove to be your best friend. In the short run, the mood of the investors counts.beyond the control of: With the develop

39、ment of modern science and technology, some people afraid that robot will beyond the control of mankind.fall into: The Theories fall into the same category.Company LogoUNIT 19 Reactor Scale-upin contrast to with: In contrast to her schoolmates, she seems very premature and considerate.give up to: Th

40、e fort was given up to the enemy. She gave up(seeing)her lover to save her marriage. The boy was given up for lost/for dead. He tried to run twelve miles, but had to give up pensate for: Nothing can compensate for the loss of ones health. Industry and loyalty sometimes compensate for the lack of abi

41、lity.Company LogoUNIT 20 Unipol Process for Polyethylenebe not accounted for: The childs health wasnt accounted for, so his death resulted from his parents carelessness.Company LogoUNIT 21 Polymer MaterialIn view of: He was pardoned in view of the circumstances. 由于情勢的關(guān)系，他被赦免了。With due consideration

42、to: You should build up your fitness, with due consideration to your poor health.Reading materials masticate: masticate vt. 咀嚼撕、捏 vi. 咀嚼 Americans now masticate 86 million pounds of meat every day.Company LogoUNIT 22 Mechanical Properties of Polymerscompliance: in compliance with 依從、按照 She give up t

43、he idea in compliance with her husbands desire. Your compliance with his request pleased your father.under the influence of: under the influence of terror (drugs, drink), the boy committed the crime.lags behind: The workshop lagged behind in production.set in: The rain set in at nightfall. 日暮時開始降雨。b

44、e subjected to: He is subjected to torture. 他受拷問。 He was subjected to treatment (operation).in reality: in actual fact She gives the impression of being generous, but in reality she is a very selfish woman. 她給人以慷慨大方的印象，但實際上她是一個自私的女人。have a pronounced effect on: The United Stated has a pronounced eff

45、ect on world affairs because it is the only superpower in the word.Company LogoUNIT 23 Thermal Properties of Polymerat the ceiling temperature: ceiling: 最高限度、絕對升限 Price ceiling on rent. 房租的限價。 A machine should not always be operated at the ceiling temperature without the limitation of time.be propor

46、tional to: The increase in the price is proportional to the improvement in the quality. The dwarfs long arms were not proportional to his height. The pay will be proportional to the amount of time put in. 報償須與所花時間成正比。be enriched in: The room is enriched in decorations. The pond is enriched in fish.b

47、e closely related to: The officer is closely related to his ly: In the process of their childrens growth, namely, infancy their parents should pay more attention to them. The railroad connects two cities, namely, New York and Chicago.Company LogoUNIT 24 Polymer Meltsbe combined with

48、: Theory should be combined with practice.be associated with: The battle of Trafalgar is associated with the name of Nelson.with the result that: A storm took place yesterday, with the result that several people were killed.Company LogoUNIT 25 Processing and Fabrication of Thermoplasticsbe amenable

49、to: amenable 有責(zé)任的，負(fù)責(zé)任的；有服從之義務(wù)的、愿服從的；有接受勸告的；經(jīng)得起檢驗（考察）的 We are all amenable to the law. 我們都有遵守法律的義務(wù)。 He is amenable to reason. 他通情達(dá)理。 An amenable servant. 一個服從的仆人。 The motion of the matter is amenable to the laws of physics. 經(jīng)得起物理定律得檢驗。on a very large scale: They are preparing war on a very large scal

50、e.Company LogoUINT 26 Processing of Thermosetscarried out the operation on: Although the boy is only five years old, he can carry out the operation on the computer.be reinforced with: The wall must be reinforced with cement and steel. Your argument should be reinforced with fresh points.in the manuf

51、acture of: In the manufacture of high-technology goods, the company has cultivated many excellent engineers.Company LogoUNIT 29 Synthetic Plastics(to) appear on the scene: appear/enter/come At the beginning of the century before last, wrist watch appeared on the scene.on ones own: by oneself; withou

52、t help I cant carry it on my own; its too heavy. Can you do the work on your own? Hes living on his own now.to the best advantage: The pictures are arranged to the best advantage. 圖畫安排得不能再好了。analogous to: like or alike in some ways The gills of fishes are said to be analogous to the lungs in terrestrial animals. Your suggestion was analogous to one that was made earlier.in ones own right: She was a writer in her own right. She is a peeress in her own right. 她本身是貴婦。（不依靠婚姻關(guān)系）Company