初中非謂語動詞講解(濰坊專版-共35張)課件

非謂語動詞非謂語動詞通過閱讀非謂語動詞的概念和結(jié)構(gòu)，能夠?qū)Ψ侵^語動詞有系統(tǒng)的認識。通過識別例句，背誦句型，常用單詞和詞組，能夠基本正確使用不定式，動名詞和分詞。通過大量練習，鞏固非謂語動詞，對易混淆的內(nèi)容有清晰的認識。學習目標通過閱讀非謂語動詞的概念和結(jié)構(gòu)，能夠?qū)Ψ侵^語動詞有系統(tǒng)的認識定義

在一個簡單句（非并列句或主從復合句）中有且只能有一個動詞作謂語，這個動詞叫謂語動詞；在這個簡單句中出現(xiàn)的其他動詞，都不能作謂語，只能用非謂語動詞。Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.Wefinditdifficulttosolvethisprobleminashorttime.

謂語

非謂語動詞系動詞

非謂語動詞定義在一個簡單句（非并列句或主從復合句）中有且只能有一非謂語動詞動名詞Ving分詞現(xiàn)在分詞Ving過去分詞動詞不定式todosummaryhomework非謂語動詞動名詞Ving分詞現(xiàn)在分詞Ving過去分詞動詞不定動詞不定式的構(gòu)成：to＋動詞原形（有時to省略）。

否定形式：not+(to)do作用：動詞不定式可以在句子中充當除了謂語之外的所有成分（主謂賓表定狀補）考點一動詞不定式動詞不定式的構(gòu)成：to＋動詞原形（有時to省略）?？键c一1．作主語：TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.TotakeanumbrellawithyouinBritainisverywise.常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語(動詞不定式)置于句末:Itis+adj+todosth.如：Toasktheteacherforhelpisnecessary.＝Itisnecessarytoasktheteacherforhelp.向老師尋求幫助是必要的。TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.=____________________________________________________TotakeanumbrellawithyouinBritainisverywise.=____________________________________________________ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.Itisverywiseto

takeanumbrellawithyouinBritain.1．作主語：TolearnEnglishwellis3個常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)：句型1：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.對某人來說做某事怎么樣Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（形容詞是形容人的品質(zhì)的

）（形容詞是形容事物的性質(zhì)的

）如：(1)Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.___________________________________________________(2)對中國人來說，春節(jié)回家很重要。___________________________________________________(3)Itisverykindofyou_________(give)mesomehelp.(4)It‘simpoliteofhim________(speak)totheteacherlikethat.togivetospeakItisimportantforChinesetogohomeduringSpringFestival.對我來說，十點前完成這份工作很簡單。3個常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)：句型1：Itisadj.for/ofIttakesusanhour_____(get)therebybus.每日他都要花一個小時來鍛煉身體。__________________________________________________句型2：It+謂語+todo：Ittakes/tooksb+時間+todosth做某事花費某人多長時間togetIttakeshimonehourtodoexerciseeveryday.Ittakesusanhour_____(get句型3：It’s+n.+todo做某事是……It’sourduty_____(help)thepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment________(spend)ourholidayinthemountains.很遺憾錯過了比賽。__________________________________tohelptospendIt’sapitytomissthematch.句型3：It’s+n.+todo做某事是……ItIsitnecessary____________(learn)aforeignlanguage?Itisagreathonor_______(talk)withyoufacetoface.對他來說，保持房間整潔很困難。________________________________________________4.到那里花了我們一整天的時間。________________________________________________5.他很聰明能夠解決這個難題。________________________________________________tolearntotalkIt’sdifficultforhimtokeeptheroomcleanandtidy.Ittookusawholedaytogetthere.Itisverycleverofhimtosolvethisdifficultproblem.Isitnecessary____________(l2．作賓語牢記2個結(jié)構(gòu)：后接不定式作賓語的動詞有

結(jié)構(gòu)1：主語+_____(動詞)+todosth.ask要求 wish希望 offer提供 decide決定help幫助 learn學會agree同意 refuse拒絕hope希望want想要 expect期望 promise答應plan計劃 afford承擔起 prepare準備

manage成功arrange安排help幫助等簡單快樂記憶口訣：決定想要做計劃，被人拒絕不幫忙。2．作賓語結(jié)構(gòu)1：主語+_____(動詞)+todost1.Theywanted______(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?2.Hesaidhewished______(be)aprofessor.3.Iagreed______(go)therewiththedoctor.4.Theboyislookingforwardto________(have)agoodtimeaftertheexam.Hehadpromised______(give)meahand.6.Ihope__________

(get)therebeforedark.7.Mydaughterpreferred______(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.

togettobetogohavingtogivetogettodance1.Theywanted______(get)在think,find,make等動詞后通常用it作形式賓語，而將不定式移至形容詞之后，構(gòu)成“主語＋動詞＋it(形式賓語)＋賓補(形容詞/名詞)＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Ifounditdifficulttosolvetheproblem.

結(jié)構(gòu)2：主語+

think/find/make+

it(形式賓語)＋賓補(形容詞/名詞)＋todo

形式賓語

真正的賓語1.Hefounditnoteasy_________（do）itwell.2.Hisinventionmadeiteasy__________(get)theinformation.3.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)每天大聲拼讀單詞是個好主意。____________________________________________Wefinditagoodideatospellandpronouncewordsloudlyeveryday.todotoget在think,find,make等動詞后通常用it作形式3．作賓語補足語(1)后面能接帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞有

tell，ask，allow，want，help，wish，teach，warn，invite，wouldlike,encourage等。如：Theteachertoldus__________(do)Exercise1.Themanwarnedthechildren________(notplay)footballinthestreet.(2)使役動詞let,make,have和感官動詞see，hear,watch,notice,feel,find等后用動詞不定式作賓補時要省略to。主語+_____(動詞)+sb.+(not)todosth.口訣記憶法：一感（feel）二聽(hear,listento)三讓(let,make,have)四看(see,watch,notice,lookat)半幫助(help)nottoplaytodo3．作賓語補足語主語+_____(動詞)+sb.+(not)Ioftenhearher______(sing)intheclassroom.Apolicemansawtwothieves________(steal偷)agirl’smobilephoneonabus。Thatmademe_______(feel)veryhappy.Myhealthylifestylehelpsme_______(get)goodgrades.singstealfeel(to)getIoftenhearher______(sing)注意：當上述動詞變被動語態(tài)時，其后的不定式必須補上to。如：Weoftenhearhersing.我們經(jīng)常聽見她唱歌。被動語態(tài)：Sheisoftenheardtosing.Myteacherencouragesme________(read)Englisheveryday.Lucyinvitedme________(attend)herbirthdayparty.Mymotherallowsme________(notgo)tobedontimeonweekend.BigTomoftenmakesus_______(lend)himmoneytohim.Heisoftenseen_______(play)basketballontheplayground.toreadtoattendtoplaynottogolend注意：當上述動詞變被動語態(tài)時，其后的不定式必須補上to。My4．作狀語常見的狀語有目的狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語等。如：MrLeewillgotoHangzhoutovisittheWestLake.Thedoctordidwhathecouldtosavethegirl.5．作定語動詞不定式作定語時，放在被修飾的名詞的后面，作后置定語。如：Idon'thaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith.Gethimsomethingtoeat.給他弄點吃的東西。Ineedapentowritewith.我需要一支寫字的筆。6．作表語Theirdutyis__________________theanimals.他們的職責是照看動物。tolookafter4．作狀語tolookafter7.“特殊疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式可以和疑問詞what,which,when,where,how等連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語等。如：Hedoesn'tknowwhat

________(wear).Hetaughtushow_______(use)thetool.Noonecouldtellmewhere_______(get)thebook.

towear特殊疑問詞＋todotousetoget7.“特殊疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)towear特殊疑問詞＋t1.Thepolicemantoldtheboysnot_______(play)inthestreet.2.Hersonistooyoung__________(dress)himself.

3.Whynotlethim____(go)home4._________(be)honest,Ijustdon’tlikehim.5.Theyweremade_______(work)fourteenhoursaday.6.“Doyouhaveanyclothes_______(wash)?”askedthemaid.7.Don’tletthosewhoarenotoldenough_______(enter)thevideogamearcade.8.Ireallydon’tknowwhat______(do)next.9.Canyoufinish___________(read)thebookinthreedays?10.Ioftenhearpeople_________(say)“__________(see)is____________(believe)”.11.Hiswishwas____________(become)adoctor.12.Theysaidtheyhadnothing_________(worry)about.toplaytodresstellsb(not)todosthtoo+形容詞/副詞+todosthgoLet/make/have(三讓）sbdosthTobetoworktowashtoentertodoreadingsayToseetobelievetobecometoworry固定短語：說實話三讓的被動語態(tài)todo作定語be+形容詞/副詞+enough+todosth特殊疑問詞+todofinish+doingtodo作表語todo作后置定語1.Thepolicemantoldtheboys動名詞由“動詞原形＋-ing”構(gòu)成，其與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動名詞既有動詞的性質(zhì)，也有名詞的性質(zhì)。在句中可作主語、賓語、表語和定語。

一、作主語1.動名詞直接作主語（單個動作作主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)，兩個和多個動名詞作主語其后謂語用復數(shù)）

Playingcomputergamestoomuch/isbadforyoureyes.過度地玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕难劬τ泻?。ListeningtoEnglishsongsandwatchingEnglishfilms/aregoodwaystolearnEnglish.

考點二動名詞動名詞由“動詞原形＋-ing”構(gòu)成，其與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動2.動名詞作主語時，有時可以用it做形式主語。Itisuseless/nogood/nouse后習慣用動名詞。如，It’snousesayingsomuch.說這么多也沒有用。It’snogood_______(live)inthisway.

注意：動名詞作主語和動詞不定式作主語，在很多情況下可以通用。但，動名詞作主語多之一般的，抽象的或多次的行為，動詞不定式作主語往往表示一次性具體的動作。living2.動名詞作主語時，有時可以用it做形式主語。living跟蹤練習：1.________(eat)toomuchsnacksanddrinkingalotofcola_____(be)badforyourhealth.2.It’suseless_______(cry)withoutdoinganything.3.Idon’tthink________(smoke)isallowedhere.4.________(sleep)forsuchalongtimemakesme_______(have）aheadache。Eatingarecryingsmokingsleepinghave跟蹤練習：Eatingarecryingsmokingsle二、作賓語常接動名詞作賓語的單詞或短語有：動詞:enjoy,finish,consider(考慮做),miss,keep,mind（介意做）,practise,suggest,avoid（避免做）,imagine想象短語:bebusy（忙于做）,can’thelp（情不自禁做）,can’tstop（停不下做）,havefun（做某事獲得快樂）介詞后加Ving:beusedto（習慣于做）,beworth（做某事值得）,beafraidof（害怕做）,beproudof（做某事感到驕傲）,beinterestedin（對做某事感興趣）,keep(stop)sbfromdoing（阻止某人做某事）,lookforwardto（期盼做）,putoff（推遲做）,feellike(想要做）,giveup（放棄做）等。二、作賓語跟蹤訓練：1.Heisbusy

_

(mend)hischair.2.Haveyoufinished__________(read)thebook?3.Wouldyoumind

(speak)slowly？Ican’tfollowyou.4.I’msorrytokeepyou

____

(wait)

foralongtime,Lucy.5.Ifeellike

(see)somehumorousmovies.

mendingreadingspeakingwaitingseeing跟蹤訓練：1.Heisbusy_(mend)

注意：有些詞既可接不定式又可接v.-ing形式作賓語，但表達的意義不同。常見的有：(1)stoptodosth停下來去做另外一件事(不定式作目的狀語)stopdoingsth停止做某事(v.-ing作賓語)(2)trytodosth盡力(企圖)做某事trydoingsth嘗試著做某事(3)forgettodosth忘記要去做某事(還沒做)forgetdoingsth忘記做過了某事(已做)(4)remembertodosth記著要去做某事(還沒做)rememberdoingsth記得做過了某事(已做)(5)goontodosth做完一件事后繼續(xù)做另外一件不同的事goondoingsth繼續(xù)做原來所做的同一件事(6)needdoing(某事)需要做(被動含義)needtodo需要去做某事(主動含義)動名詞作賓的特點是正在做某事；不定式作賓是要去做某事，強調(diào)的是即將發(fā)生。注意：有些詞既可接不定式又可接v.-ing形式作賓語，stoptodosthstopdoingsthtrytodosthtrydoingsthforgettodosthforgetdoingsthremembertodosthrememberdoingsthgoontodosthgoondoingsthneeddoingneedtodo停下來去做另外一件事停止做某事盡力(企圖)做某事嘗試著做某事忘記要去做某事(還沒做)忘記做過了某事(已做)記著要去做某事(還沒做)記得做過了某事(已做)做完一件事后繼續(xù)做另外一件不同的事繼續(xù)做原來所做的同一件事(某事)需要做(被動含義)需要去做某事(主動含義)stoptodosth停下來去做另外一件事動名詞綜合練習Doyoufeellike_______(have)awalkalongtheriver?Hehastrouble_______(solve)theproblem.Let’shelphim.Thankyouverymuchfor____________(help)us.Thedoctorwasbusy___________(operate)ontheboyatthattime.Wecouldn’thelp________(laugh)afterweheardthefunnystory.Mygrandfatherisusedto_______(wear)ahatinwinter.havingsolvinghelpingoperatinglaughingwearinghavetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困難bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事beusedtodoingsth.習慣于做某事動名詞綜合練習Doyoufeellike______Wouldyoumind__________(notsmoke)becausethere’resomanychildren________(play)here?________(read)Englishismucheasierthanspeakingit.Herhobbyis__________(collect)modelplanes.You’dbetter

(take)anumbrellawithyou.Althoughtheyaretired,theystillgoon

(work).—Don’tforget

(see)myparentswhenyouareinBeijing.Katespent30minutes_______(clean)hisbike.notsmokingplayingReadingcollectingtakeworkingtoseecleaninghadbetter(not)do動名詞表正在進行Wouldyoumind__________(not分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞(v.-ing)和過去分詞(v.-ed)兩種。有被動、完成之意。分詞在句中可作定語、狀語、表語和補語?，F(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法區(qū)別1.

現(xiàn)在分詞(v.-ing)表主動、進行之意在句中可作定語、狀語、表語和補語。

Thecryinggirlcan’tfindhermother.(前置定語，表進行)那個正在哭的女孩找不到媽媽了。(2)WhataboutthephotoofmycousinflyingkiteswithChinesekidsintheSummerPalace.(后置定語，表進行)(3)Isawhergoingupstairs.我看見她正在上樓。(賓補，表進行)(4)Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.(狀語，表主動）考點三分詞主動、進行之意分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞(v.-ing)和過去分詞(v.-2.過去分詞(v.-ed)

表被動、完成之意，句中可作定語、狀語、表語和補語。

(1)IknowtheboycalledLiMing..(作定語，表被動）

我認識那個叫李明的男孩。(2)ShefoundthenovelwrittenbyMarkTwain.(賓補，表被動)她發(fā)現(xiàn)這本小說是馬克吐溫寫的。

(3)Mychocolatecookiesaredonenow.(作表語，表完成）(4)

BrokenbyJim,Ican’tusethecup.(作狀語，表被動)杯子被Jim打破了，我不能用了。3.其它區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞表示事物本書所具有的性質(zhì)，意為“令人……”，過去分詞表示由外界引起的內(nèi)心活動，意為“感到……”theexcitingnews令人激動的消息

theexcitedlook激動的表情surprising令人驚訝的Surprised感到驚訝的

被動、完成之意2.過去分詞(v.-ed)表被動、完成之意，句中可作定語、4．易混結(jié)構(gòu)havesbdoingsth與havesthdone的區(qū)別：(1)havesbdoingsth意為“讓某人一直做某事”，doing這個動作具有持續(xù)意義。如：Theteacherhadtheboysstandingallday.老師讓男生罰站了一整天。(2)havesthdone意為“讓某人做某事、讓某事被做”，表示讓他人完成，有被動之意。如：Ihadmycomputerrepairedyesterday.昨天我讓人修理了我的電腦。4．易混結(jié)構(gòu)跟蹤訓練1.Chinaisa__________(develop)country.Americaisa_________(develop)country.中國是一個發(fā)展中國家，美國是一個發(fā)達國家2.