翻譯理論與實踐6-英漢合同翻譯

實用文翻譯1翻譯理論論與實踐踐（下））教學(xué)內(nèi)內(nèi)容1.英漢請柬柬、通知知翻譯2.英漢證明明、證書書翻譯3.英漢廣告告翻譯4.英漢旅游游景點翻翻譯5.英漢企事事業(yè)簡介介翻譯6.英漢合同同翻譯7.英漢信用用證翻譯譯8.英漢其他他實用文文翻譯2第六章.英漢合同同翻譯在貿(mào)易往往來中，，合同等等法律文文件的談?wù)勁?、起起草、成成文以及及翻譯對對每一筆筆交易來來說都是是必不可可缺和至至關(guān)重要要的。作作為二十十一世紀紀英語專專業(yè)的學(xué)學(xué)生，必必須懂得得合同等等法律文文件的基基本概念念、主要要特征、、法律效效力和翻翻譯的基基本技巧巧等等。。3一、合同同的基本本概念和和結(jié)構(gòu)合同亦稱稱契約，，是具有有法律約約束力的的承諾，，表示當當事人愿愿意承擔(dān)擔(dān)權(quán)利和和義務(wù)。。合同是是具有法法律約束束力的文文件，一一經(jīng)簽訂訂，當事事人各方方均須嚴嚴格執(zhí)行行?！吨腥A人人民共和和國合同同法》第第二條規(guī)規(guī)定：““合同是是平等主主體的自自然人、、法人、、其他組組織之間間設(shè)立、、變更、、終止民民事權(quán)利利義務(wù)關(guān)關(guān)系的協(xié)協(xié)議。””4Acontract,inthesimplestdefinition,isapromiseenforceablebylaw.Thepromisemaybetodosomethingortorefrainfromdoingsomething.Themakingofacontractrequiresthemutualassentoftwoormorepersons,oneofthemordinarilymakinganofferandanotheraccepting.Ifoneofthepartiesfailstokeepthepromise,theotherisentitledtolegalrecourseagainsthim.Thelawofcontractshastodowithsuchquestionsaswhetheracontractexists,whatthemeaningofitis,whetheracontracthasbeenbroken,andwhatcompensationisduetheinjuredparty.(TheNewEncyclopediaBritannica,15thedition,,publishedbyEncyclopediaBritannica,Inc.1977,Vol..5,,P..124)5合同的種種類雖然然繁多，，但就其其基本結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)來說說是一致致的，一一般包括括三部分分：前言言、正文文和結(jié)尾尾，也可可以稱為為約首、、正文和和約尾。。概括起起來，合合同所涉涉及的基基本內(nèi)容容主要包包括以下下幾條：：1.Thecorporateorpersonalnamesofthecontractpartiesandtheirnationalities,principleplaceofbusinessorresidenceaddresses;合同當事事人的名名稱或者者姓名、、國籍、、主營業(yè)業(yè)所或住住所；2.Dateandplaceofsignatureofthecontract;合同簽訂訂的日期期、地點點；63.Typeofthecontractandthekind,,scopeofthesubjectmatterofthecontract;;合同的類類型和合合同標的的種類、、范圍；；4.Technicalconditions,quality,standard,,specificationsandquantitiesofthesubjectmatterofthecontract;;合同標的的技術(shù)條條件、質(zhì)質(zhì)量、標標準、規(guī)規(guī)格、數(shù)數(shù)量；5.Timelimit,placeandmethodofperformance;履行的期期限、地地點和方方式；6.Termsofprice,amountandwayofpayment,andvariousadditionalcharge;;價格條件件、支付付金額、、支付方方式和各各種附帶帶的費用用；77.Whetherthecontractcouldbeassignedorconditionsforassignment;合同能否否轉(zhuǎn)讓或或者合同同轉(zhuǎn)讓的的條件；；8.Compensationandotherliabilitiesforbreachofthecontract;違反合同同的賠償償和其他他責(zé)任；；9.Waysforsettlementofdisputesincaseofdisputesarisingfromthecontract;合同發(fā)生生爭議時時的解決決方法；；10.Languagestobeusedinthecontractandtheireffectiveness.合同使用用的文字字及效力力。8二、合合同同的基本本種類這里主要要討論國國際商務(wù)務(wù)合同，，即所謂謂的涉外外合同。。根據(jù)國國際貿(mào)易易商品流流通的各各種做法法，稱為為貿(mào)易方方式。不不同的貿(mào)貿(mào)易方式式就會產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生不同同的合同同，按照照貿(mào)易方方式的性性質(zhì)和內(nèi)內(nèi)容的不不同可以以將合同同主要分分為以下下幾大類類：91、銷銷售或購購貨合同同2、技技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓讓合同3、合合資或合合營合同同4、補補償貿(mào)易易合同5、國國際工程程承包合合同6、代代理協(xié)議議7、來來料加工工合同8、多多種貿(mào)易易方式相相結(jié)合的的合同10三、合合同的的語言特特征就其性質(zhì)質(zhì)而言，，合同可可以說是是一種法法律文書書，依法法訂立的的合同一一經(jīng)各方方簽字，，即具有有法律效效力，并并對合同同各方當當事人都都具有約約束力，，未經(jīng)一一方同意意，合同同內(nèi)容不不得隨意意變更，，否則就就算違約約。因此此，起草草、翻譯譯合同時時各方都都應(yīng)慎之之又慎，，對合同同語言必必須仔細細推敲、、反復(fù)琢琢磨，避避免因語語言模棱棱兩可而而產(chǎn)生歧歧義。盡盡管合同同用詞難難度大，，要求十十分嚴格格，但合合同措詞詞仍有規(guī)規(guī)律可循循。11一）、詞詞匯特征征合同的用用詞造句句必須十十分準確確嚴謹，，一般具具有準確確、簡練練、明晰晰和正式式幾大特特點。由由于用詞詞不當、、合同當當事人對對文字理理解不一一所造成成的索賠賠和糾紛紛案件屢屢見不鮮鮮。合同同翻譯時時要特別別注意英英語中的的一詞多多義或多多種解釋釋。例如如：ThepenaltyshallbedividedbetweenPartyAandPartyBinNewYorkCityandPartyCinNewark,NewJersey.12簡練對合合同也頗頗為重要要。因為為合同語語言的嚴嚴謹，最最好用盡盡可能少少的文字字來清楚楚地闡明明意思。。要做到到言簡意意賅，合合同起草草者和翻翻譯者必必須避免免使用或或刪除不不必要的的詞語。。例如：：Intheeventofasinglearbitratorbeingunabletobeagreeduponbythetwoparties....一旦一個個仲裁員員不能被被雙方同同意…13

要使合同同行文明明晰，應(yīng)應(yīng)力戒含含糊其詞詞和模棱棱兩可，，應(yīng)注意意使用規(guī)規(guī)范的句句子的語語序、修修飾語要要置于靠靠近所形形容的詞詞的位置置等等。。例如：：在乙方的的要求下下，甲方方同意派派遣技術(shù)術(shù)人員幫幫助乙方方安裝設(shè)設(shè)備。AttherequestofPartyB,PartyAagreestosendtechnicianstoassistPartyBtoinstalltheequipment.141、專業(yè)業(yè)詞匯專業(yè)詞匯匯主要是是指在某某一學(xué)科科或特定定領(lǐng)域中中使用的的專門用用語。這這些專門門用語有有其特定定的含義義，并在在各自專專業(yè)領(lǐng)域域中被廣廣泛使用用。如：：freeonboard（船船上交貨貨）、billoflading（（提單））、shippingmarks（嘜嘜頭）等等等。15考慮到合合同特定定場合的的需要，，有時合合同對一一些關(guān)鍵鍵術(shù)語的的定義做做出明確確的限定定和說明明，一般般可分為為擴展性性解釋和和限縮性性解釋兩兩種。例例如：“patent”inthiscontractshallmeanregisteredinventionrights,registeredutilitymodelrights,rightofregisteredindustrialdesignandanytechnicalapplicationslistedintheattachmentherewith“trademark”heremeansregisteredtrademark162、詞語語并列

合同中的的詞語并并列往往往分為兩兩種情況況：詞語語并列結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)和成成對同義義詞結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)。為使使國際條條約表意意準確和和規(guī)范嚴嚴謹，合合同制定定者在行行文中大大量使用用詞語并并列結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)，用and或或or把把兩個或或多個短短語并列列起來。。這種并并列結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)有更強強的包容容性，同同時也更更加具有有彈性。。例如：：17(合同））項下或或按照（（合同））underorinaccordancewith簽署并寄寄出signedanddelivered按總體或或部分來來講inwholeorinpartmakeamendmentstoandrevisionof修改fulfillorperform履行transferableorassignable轉(zhuǎn)讓18Itistheintentofthepartiesthatalldocumentsandannexesformingparthereofshallbereadandtakentogetherandthateachandeveryprovisionorstipulationhereofbegivenfullforce,effectandapplicability..However,intheeventthatoneormoreprovisionsorstipulationshereinbedeclarednullandvoidbythecourts,orotherwiserenderedineffective,,theremainingprovisionsandstipulationsshallnotbeaffectedthereby.193、情態(tài)態(tài)動詞與所有的的法律文文件相同同，合同同在情態(tài)態(tài)動詞的的選用上上很慎重重。may,must,will,shall,,should各司司其職，，不可混混淆。值值得注意意的是““shall””在合同同中并非非單純表表示將來來時，而而是用來來表示一一方應(yīng)盡盡的義務(wù)務(wù)，表示示強制性性責(zé)任、、履行義義務(wù)，與與中文中中“應(yīng)該該”、““必須””的意義義相同，，所表達達的力度度比“will”要強強。。例例如：Thebiddershallbearallcostsassociatedwiththepreparationandsubmissionofitsbid..204、縮略略詞另外，縮縮略詞在在合同中中出現(xiàn)的的頻率很很高，而而且主要要為首字字母縮略略詞和截截短詞。。國際經(jīng)經(jīng)貿(mào)合同同中的價價格、支支付及保保險方式式大多以以首字母母縮略詞詞形式出出現(xiàn)，例例如：FOB((FreeonBoard裝運運港船上上交貨))T//T(TelegraphicTransfer電匯匯)W.A..(WithAverage水漬漬險)等等等。21此外，還還有一些些計量單單位及相相關(guān)名稱稱則通常常以截短短詞形式式出現(xiàn)，，例如：：CTN(carton紙箱箱)PC(piece件、、個)No(number號號)等等等。225、古英英語及特特殊用語語的使用用英文合同同使用了了大量的的古英語語，最為為突出的的是用here,there,where＋＋后綴in/after/by等介介詞。這這類古英英語能避避免重復(fù)復(fù)，使句句子結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)緊湊精精練。例例如：hereafter==afterthistime今今后后herein==inthis因因此hereby==bymeansof特特此23hereinbefore==inaproceedingpartofthiscontract在在上文文hereinafter==laterinthiscontract在在下文文thereto=tothat此此外thereupon==then隨隨后whereas鑒于，在在約首用用作引出出簽約的的背景和和目的witness證明，在在約首中中用作充充當首句句的謂語語hereinafterreferredtoas以下簡稱稱24二）、句句法特征征合同作為為法律文文書，規(guī)規(guī)定了各各方當事事人之間間的權(quán)利利和義務(wù)務(wù)，合同同文字所所表達的的意思必必須完整整、明確確、肯定定，所以以，合同同對句子子類型的的選擇存存在明顯顯的傾向向性，陳陳述句的的使用頻頻率比較較高，陳陳述句用用于闡述述、解釋釋、說明明、規(guī)定定和判斷斷，語言言顯得比比較客觀觀、平實實。此外外，合同同句法的的另一個個明顯特特征是較較多使用用長句和和慣用句句型。251、多用用長句

與普通英英語相比比，英文文合同的的句子較較長，結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)也復(fù)復(fù)雜得多多。長句句的使用用主要是是可以準準確地界界定各方方當事人人的權(quán)利利和義務(wù)務(wù)，排除除被曲解解、誤解解或出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)歧義的的可能性性。例如如：26Thetenderershouldbeinformedthat,,ifhehasdelivered,,postedordispatchedhistenderpriortotheformalsubmissiondatehehastherighttomodifyormakecorrectionstoit,providedthatanysuchmodificationsorcorrectionsarereceivedbytheemployer//engineerinwritingpriortothetimespecifiedforsubmissionoftenders.Theoriginaltenderthusmodifiedorcorrectedwouldthenbeconsideredastheofficialtender.27又如：Thepricesstatedarebasedoncurrentfreightrates,anyincreaseordecreaseinfreightratesattimeofshipmentistobethebenefitofthebuyer,withthesellerassumingthepaymentofalltransportationchargestothepointorplaceofdelivery.282、慣用用句型

英文合同同中有不不少套語語或慣用用句型結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)，這這些用法法是在長長期的貿(mào)貿(mào)易實踐踐中逐漸漸形成的的，并被被普遍接接受和使使用。此此類套語語或慣用用句型主主要出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在合同同的前言言、結(jié)尾尾、保險險、支付付以及檢檢驗、索索賠、仲仲裁等一一般性的的條款中中。例如如：29（1）Theundersignedbuyerandsellerhaveconfirmed…inaccordancewiththefollowingtermsandconditions.（2）PartyAhasagreedthatPartyBshall…underthefollowingtermsandconditions..（3）Inconsiderationofthepremisesandcovenantsdescribedhereinafter,PartyAandPartyBagreeasfollow..（4）TheexpirydateoftheL//Cistobethe15thdayafterthedateofshipment..（5）TheL/Cshallremainvaliduntilthe15thdayaftertheshipment.30四、合合同翻翻譯原則則目前，我我國涉外外經(jīng)濟交交往中所所采用的的合同大大多為英英文本，，而英文文合同對對語言有有嚴格的的要求，，因此，，把握合合同語言言的特殊殊性，這這是準確確理解、、翻譯合合同的關(guān)關(guān)鍵所在在。合同同作為一一種具有有法律約約束力的的契約文文體，其其文本強強調(diào)用語語正式、、措詞準準確、結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹謹、格式式規(guī)范等等特點。。翻譯合合同、標標書等此此類文體體的具體體標準通通常有三三個方面面：311、術(shù)語語準確，，譯文完完整合同文本本有自己己的一整整套術(shù)語語，有其其獨特性性，應(yīng)避避免簡單單的字面面翻譯。。例如：：“accept”一一般譯為為“接受受”、““認可””就可以以了，但但在涉外外合同中中，這個個詞可能能要譯成成“承兌兌”。從4月1日起到到10月月20日日止這一一期間內(nèi)內(nèi)交貨，，但以買買方信用用證在3月20日前到到達賣方方為限。。ShipmentduringtheperiodbeginningonApril1andendingonOct.20,,bothdateinclusive,,subjecttoBuyer’’sLetterofCreditreachingSelleronorbeforeMar.20.322、譯文文通順，，條理清清楚通順是翻翻譯的一一項基本本要求，，合同的的翻譯也也不例外外。合同同譯文的的通順著著重體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在“條條理清楚楚”上，，特別是是在處理理長句、、復(fù)雜句句時更是是如此。。例如：：One--thirdofthetotalamountshallbepaidwiththeorderwhentheContractissigned,onethirdbydocumentarybillswhenshipmentiseffected,,andthebalancebycleanbillswhenthegoodshavearrived..合同簽訂訂時先預(yù)預(yù)付貨款款總額的的三分之之一，裝裝船后憑憑跟單匯匯票再付付三分之之一，剩剩余的三三分之一一在貨物物抵達時時憑光票票一次性性付清。。333、符合合契約文文體特點點與其他商商務(wù)文本本相比，，合同文文本屬于于正式程程度最高高的契約約文體。。所以，，翻譯合合同時所所使用的的語言應(yīng)應(yīng)盡量體體現(xiàn)出契契約文體體的這一一特點。。選詞要要正式、、所采用用的句式式也應(yīng)符符合譯入入語合同同的句式式特點、、還要注注意譯入入語合同同的格式式特點。。例如：：“因為為”一般般用短語語“byvirtueof”來來翻譯，，而很少少用“becauseof”；““在………之前””一般用用“priorto”，而而不用““before”等等等。34再如：本合同于于2006年5月30日在中中國上海海簽訂，，一式兩兩份，每每份用英英文和中中文寫成成，兩種種文本具具有同等等效力。。譯文1：：ThisContractwassignedinShanghai,ChinaonMay30,,2006..EachcopywaswritteninEnglishandChinesewithtwocopiesineach,andthetwotextshavethesameeffect.譯文2：：ThisContractissignedinShanghai,,Chinathis30thdayofMay,2006,induplicateinEnglishandChineselanguages,,bothtextsbeingequallyauthentic..35五、合合同翻翻譯實踐踐例1.購購貨貨合同PURCHASECONTRACTNo.2008－72116Date:June20,2008SignedatShenzhen,ChinaTheBuyer::UniconCorporation155OceanWingRoad,SanFrancisco,California91002USATheSeller:HengdaTradingCorporation237SouthRiversideRoad,,Shenzhen,Guangdong518003PRCTheContractismadebyandbetweentheBuyerandtheSeller,,wherebytheBuyeragreestobuyandtheSelleragreestoselltheundermentionedcommodityaccordingtothetermsandconditionsstipulatedbelow:361.COMMODITYDESCRIPTIONS:Men’’spajamasmadeof100percentcottonSize12inwhite,,yellow,red,blue,andpurple.TechnicalspecificationsshallbethesameasthesamplessenttotheSellerbytheBuyeronMay20,,2008..2.QUANTITY:White,2000;;yellow,3000;;red,1000;;blue,,4000;purple,,3000.3.UNITPRICE:US$12.80FOBShenzhenpersuit..4.TOTALPRICE:US$$166,400.00((Onehundredandsixty-sixthousandfourhundredUSdollarsonly).5.COUNTRYOFORIGIN:ThePeople’sRepublicOfChina6.PACKING:Eachpajamasshallbepackedinawaterproofpolythenebagandtheninacardboardbox,50boxestoawoodencase.TheSellershallbeliableforanydamageandlossattributedtoinadequatepackingbytheSeller.377.SHIPPINGMARKS:Onthesurfaceofeachpackage,,thepackagenumber,measurement,,grossweight,netweightandUNICONinatriangleshallbestenciledwithpaint..8.TIMEOFSHIPMENT:October20089.PORTOFSHIPMENT:Shenzhen,PRC.10.PORTOFDESTINATION:SanFrancisco,USA..11.INSURANCE:TobecoveredbytheBuyer.12.PAYMENT:TheBuyershall,,uponreceiptfromtheSellerofthenoticeofreadinessforshipment,openanirrevocableletterofcreditwithCitibank,15--20dayspriortothedateofdelivery,infavoroftheSeller,foranamountequivalenttothetotalvalueoftheshipment..TheL/CshallbepayableagainstthepresentationofthedraftandthedocumentsstipulatedinClause13hereofintheopeningbank.TheL/Cshallbevaliduntilthe15thdayaftertheshipment..3813.DOCUMENT::TheSellershallpresentthefollowingdocumentstothepayingbankfornegotiation:1)Onefullsetof““CleanOnBoard”oceanbillsofladingmarked“FreighttoCollect””andmadeouttoorder,blankendorsed;;2)Invoiceinquintuplicateindictingcontractnumberandshippingmark;3)Packinglistinquintuplicate;4)CertificateofqualityandquantityinduplicateissuedbythemanufacturersasspecifiedinClause16;;5)OnecopyofnotificationtotheBuyer,advisingtheshipmentready..3914.TERMSOFSHIPMENT::1)TheSellershall,atleast40daysbeforethedateofshipmentstipulatedintheContract,advisetheBuyerofthecontractnumber,commodity,,quantity,value,numberofpackages,grossweight,,measurement,anddateofreadinessattheportofshipmentfortheBuyertobookshippingspace.2)BookingofshippingspaceshallbeattendedtobytheBuyer.3)TheBuyershall,,10daysbeforetheexpecteddateofarrivalofthevesselattheloadingport,notifytheSellerofthenameofvessel,,expecteddateofloading,contractnumber,fortheSellertoarrangeshipment.Whenitbecomesnecessarytochangethetimetobeadvancedordelayed,theBuyeroritsshippingagentshalladvisetheSellerintime..Shouldthevesselfailtoarriveattheportofloadingwithin30daysofthearrivaldateadvisedbytheBuyer,theBuyershallbearthestorageandinsuranceexpensesincurredfromthe31stday.4)TheSellershallbeliableforanydeadfreightordemurrage,,shouldithappentheyhavefailedtohavethecommodityreadyforloadingafterthecarryingvesselhasarrivedattheportofshipmentontime.5)TheSellershallbearallexpenses,risksofcommoditybeforeitpassesoverthevessel’’srailandisreleasedfromthetackle..Afterithaspassedoverthevessel’srailandbeenreleasedfromthetackle,,allexpenses,risksofcommodityshallbefortheBuyer’’saccount.4015.SHIPPINGADVICE:TheSellershall,immediatelyuponthecompletionofloadingthecommodity,notifytheBuyerthecontractnumber,nameofcommodity,quantity,,grossweight,invoicevalue,nameofcarryingvesselanddateofsailing.IncasetheBuyerfailstoarrangeinsuranceontimeduetotheinformationnotbeinggivenintimebytheSeller,,ortothenotificationincomplete,alllossesshallbebornebytheSeller.16.GUARANTEEOFQUALITY::TheSellershallguaranteethatthecommodityisentirelyinconformitywithwhathasbeenstipulatedintheContractwithregardtoitsqualityspecifications..Theguaranteeperiodshallbe3monthscountedfromthedateonwhichthecommodityarrivesattheportofdestination..4117.INSPECTIONANDCLAIM::1)TheSellershall,beforedelivery,,makeapreciseandcomprehensiveinspectionofthegoodswithregardtoitsquality,specifications,andquantityandhavetheChinaImportandExportCommodityInspectionBureauissueinspectioncertificatescertifyingthetechnicaldateandtheconclusionoftheinspection.2)AfterarrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestinationtheBuyershallhavetherighttoinviteanauthoritativesurveyortomakeafurtherinspectionastothespecificationsandquantityofthegoods.Ifdamagesofthegoodsarefound,orthespecificationand//orquantityarenotinconformitywiththestipulationsintheContract,,exceptwhentheresponsibilitiesliewiththeinsurerorthecarrier,theBuyershall,,within90daysafterarrivedofthegoodsattheportofdestination,claimagainsttheSellerorrejectthegoods.3)TheclaimsmentionedaboveshallberegardedasbeingacceptediftheSellerfailstoreplywithin30daysaftertheSellerreceivestheBuyer’sclaim..4218.FORCEMAJEURE:TheSellershallnotberesponsibleforthedelayofshipmentornon-deliveryofthegoodsduetoforcemajeure,,whichmightoccurduringtheprocessofmanufacturingorinthecourseofloadingortransit.TheSellershalladvisetheBuyerimmediatelyoftheoccurrencementionedaboveandwithin15daysthereaftertheSellershallsendanoticebyairmailtotheBuyerfortheiracceptanceofacertificateoftheaccidentissuedbythecompetentgovernmentauthoritiesunderwhosejurisdictiontheaccidentoccursasevidencethereof..UndersuchcircumstancestheSeller,however,isstillundertheobligationtotakeallnecessarymeasurestohastenthedeliveryofthegoods..Incasetheaccidentlastsformorethan10weeks,,theBuyershallhavetherighttocanceltheContract.4319.LATEDELIVERYANDPAYMENT:ShouldtheSellerfailtomakedeliveryontimeasstipulatedintheContract,withtheexceptionofforcemajeurecausesspecifiedinClause18oftheContract,theBuyershallagreetopostponethedeliveryontheconditionthattheSelleragreestopayapenaltywhichshallbedeductedbythepayingbankfromthepaymentundernegotiation.Therateofnegotiationischargedat0..5percentforeverysevendays,odddayslessthansevendaysshouldbecountedassevendays.Butthepenalty,,however,,shallnotexceed5percentofthetotalvalueofthegoods,,involvedinthedelayeddelivery.IncasetheSellerfailstomakedeliverytenweekslaterthanthetimeofshipmentstipulatedintheContract,theBuyershallhavetherighttocanceltheContract,,andtheSeller,inspiteofthecancellation,shallneverthelesspaytheaforesaidpenaltytothebuyerwithoutdelay.4420.ARBITRATION::AlldisputesarisingfromtheexecutionoforinconnectionwiththeContractshallbesettledamicablythroughfriendlynegotiation..Incasenosettlementcanbereachedthroughnegotiation,thecaseshallthenbesubmittedtotheForeignEconomicandTradeArbitrationCommissionoftheChineseCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTradeforarbitrationinaccordancewithitsrulesofprocedure.Thearbitralawardisfinalandbindinguponbothparties..Arbitrationfeeshallbebornebythelosingparty.4521.CONDITIONSOFSALES:1)ItisstrictlyunderstoodthattheSellercannotbeheldresponsiblefornon-deliveryordelayeddeliveryofthegoodsorderedifthesituationiscausedbyforcemajeure,war,rebellion,,fire,,strike,newleviesimposedbygovernment,,inabilityof,orrefusalbythemanufacturerstofulfilltheContractoranyothercausesbeyondtheSeller’scontrol.2)TheSellerreservestherighttocanceltheContractatanytimeiftheBuyermakesdefaultinpayment((orindelivery)orcommitabreachofanyclausehereof..3)TheSellerreservestherighttotheContractatanytimeiftheSellercannotmakethedeliveryascalledforunderthetermshereofbyreasonofcircumstancesbeyondtheircontrol.4)Anyadditionalexpensesincurredastheresultofwar,civilcommotion,interruptionofnormaltransport,boycott,governmentaction,,etc.,,and/oranyothercircumstancesasarebeyondtheSeller’’scontroland/orforesight,,shallbefortheBuyer’’saccount.4622.SUPPLEMENTARYPROVISION::TheContractismadeoutinbothChineseandEnglish,twooriginalsforeachlanguage.Eachlanguageislegallyofequaleffect.EachpartykeepsoneChineseversionandoneEnglishversionaftersigningtheContract..TheBuyer::UniconCorporationMarlinFelton,presidentTheSeller:HengdaTradingCorporationLuGang,President47例2.招招標標書國際招標標投標是是貨物、、工程或或服務(wù)市市場交易易方式之之一，現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在許多多國際機機構(gòu)、國國家政府府規(guī)定，，凡由其其提供貸貸款或資資金，金金額達到到一定數(shù)數(shù)額的大大宗交易易、大型型工程或或成套服服務(wù)項目目必須通通過公開開招標、、投標來來確定供供貨者、、承建者者或服務(wù)務(wù)商。國國際招標標投標已已成為國國際貿(mào)易易的主要要方式之之一。按按照國際際慣例，，與招標標投標活活動有關(guān)關(guān)的文件件、資料料均須用用英文編編制，即即使允許許用非英英語編寫寫，也應(yīng)應(yīng)備有英英文版本本。48ChinaNationalMachineryImport&ExportCorporationInvitationforBidsBidNo..0707CMCJ--0161332InaccordancewiththeloanAgreementconcludedbetweentheMinistryofFinanceofthePeople’’sRepublicofChinaandJapanBankforInternationalCooperationforYingkouWaterSupplyProject,ChinaNationalMachineryImportandExportCorporationisauthorizedtopurchasethroughinternationalcompetitivebidding((ICB)thegoodslistedbellow..Allthepurchaseshouldbefinancedthroughtheloanarrangementmentionedabove.49ListofEquipment:Valves((quantity:……specifications::…)Sealedbidsareinvitedfrombiddersregisteredinandcontrolledbyeligiblesourcecountries,whichrefertoallcountiesandregionsaccordingtothestipulationoftheLoanAgreement..Generaltermsandconditionstogetherwithqualificationrequirementsaresetoutinabook,whichisobtainedfromChinaNationalMachineryImport&&ExportCorporationbetween9:00and11:00a.m..(Beijingtime))fromNovember11toNovember17,,2007((exceptSaturdayandSunday)againstnon-refundablepaymentof((amountofmoneyinfigures).50AllbidsaretobevalidlyreceivedbyChinaNationalMachineryImportandExportCorporationbefore10:00onthespecificopeningdateattheaddressbelow..Bidswillbeopenedat10::30a.m.December18,2007(Beijingtime)).Anyoffersubmittedaftertheclosingdateofbidorwhichdoesnotcomplywiththeabovetermswillnotbeaccepted.ChinaNationalMachineryImport&ExportCorporationAddress:Tel::Fax::PostCode::51參考譯文文：招標編號號：0707CMCJ-0161332中國機械械進出口口總公司司投資邀請請根據(jù)中華華人民共共和國財財政部與與日本國國際合作作銀行就就營口市市供水工工程簽訂訂的《貸貸款協(xié)議議》，中中國機械械進出口口總公司司受權(quán)通通過國際際競爭性性投標購購買下列列貨物。。本招標標采購合合同將由由上述貸貸款予以以支付。。采購設(shè)備備清單如如下：閥門（貨貨物數(shù)量量：規(guī)格格…簡述述）中國機械械進出口口總公司司誠邀所所有在符符合《貸貸款協(xié)議議》之規(guī)規(guī)定的合合格貨源源國和地地區(qū)登記記注冊并并受其管管轄的投投標商密密封投標標。52招標合同同的一般般條款及及投標資資格要求求在標書書中已列列明，標標書可在在2007年11月11日起起至11月17日（星星期六和和星期日日除外））止的每每天上午午的9點點到11點（北北京時間間）以（（金額………）從從中國機機械進出出口公司司處購買買，售后后不退。。所有投標標書須于于規(guī)定的的開標日日當天上上午10點之前前送達位位于下列列地址的的中國機機械進出出口總公公司并被被有效接接受。所所有投標標書將于于北京時時間2007年年12月月18日日10::30被被啟封。。投標截止止日期后后提交的的標書或或不符合合上述規(guī)規(guī)定的標標書恕不不接受。。中國機械械進出口口總公司司地址：電話：傳真：郵政編碼碼：53例3.代代理理合約香港勇盛盛電器廠廠有限公公司（下下稱制造造商）和和溫州風(fēng)風(fēng)暴電器器有限公公司（下下稱代理理商）已已于今日日二〇〇〇七年十十二月二二十日簽簽訂營業(yè)業(yè)代理合合約，條條件如下下：1.代理理商擔(dān)任任廠商在在溫州銷銷售本合合約規(guī)定定的產(chǎn)品品的獨家家代理。。2.本合合約涉及及的產(chǎn)品品如下：：電視機、、卡式收收錄音機機、洗衣衣機、電電冰箱、、真空吸吸塵機、、電飯煲煲和其他他各種家家庭電器器。3.制造造商須提提供代理理商有上上述產(chǎn)品品價目表表，全用用CIF溫州的的價格。。在上述述地區(qū)內(nèi)內(nèi)廠商產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的一一切銷售售上，代代理商可可得百分分之八的的傭金，，即使廠廠商直接接銷售由由其他任任何人或或商行銷銷售運到到上述地地區(qū)的該該廠商產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品，情情況也一一樣。

544.代理理商必須須存有廠廠商產(chǎn)品品以便在在上述地地區(qū)內(nèi)銷銷售，并并可決定定它們的的轉(zhuǎn)賣價價格。5.代理理商只受受權(quán)在那那些地區(qū)區(qū)內(nèi)為廠廠商產(chǎn)品品招攬訂訂單以及及推銷其其產(chǎn)品。。6.本合合約將保保持有有效直至至任何一一方至少少提前九九十天用用掛號空空郵向另另一方發(fā)發(fā)出書面面通知終終止合約約為止。。勇盛電器器廠有限限公司風(fēng)暴電器器有限公公司55參考譯文文：AgencyContractYONGSHENGWORKSINC,HONGKONG((hereinaftercalledManufacturer)andBRAINSTORMINGELECTRICAPPLIANCESCO.,,LTD.,,WENZHOU((hereinafterreferredtoasAgent)haveonthis20thofDecember,2007enteredintoasalesagencycontractunderthetermsandconditionsstatedbelow:1.AgentshallactasthesoleandexclusiveagentinWenzhouforManufacturerforthesaleoftheproductshereinspecified.562.Theproductscoveredbythiscontractare:televisionsets,cassetteradiorecorders,,washingmachines,,refrigerators,,vacuumcleaners,electricricecookersandmanyotherhomeelectricappliances.3.ManufacturershallfurnishAgentwiththepricelistsofallofhisproductsstatedabove,allintermsofCIFWenzhou.Acommissionof8percentshallbeofferedonallsalesofManufacturer’’sproductswithintheabove-mentionedterritoriesevenincaseswhereManufacturersellsthemdirectlyorwheresuchsalesaremadebyanyotherpersonorfirm,forshipmenttothesaidterritories..574.AgentmustcarrystocksofManufacturer’’sproductsforsalewithinthesaidterritoriesandmayfixtheresalepricethereof.5.AgentisonlyauthorizedtosolicitordersforManufacturer’sproductsandthesalethereofwithintheterritories..6.Thiscontractshallremaininforceuntilterminatedbyeitherpartybygivingawrittennoticeatleast90daysinadvancetotheotherpartybyregisteredairmail.YONGSHENGWORKSINC.BRAINSTORMINGELECTRICAPPLIANCESCO..LTD.58例4.國國際際貨物運運輸合同同ContractofInternationalTransportationofGoodsThisAgreementismadethistwentiethdayofOctober2007betweenTheInternationalTransportationCo.,,Ltd.Of9SanchuanRoad,thecityofWeihai,,PartyA,,andTheFarEastTradingCo.,,Ltd.Of12HongweiRoad,thecityofNanhai,,PartyB..Witnesses::59ThatPartyA,,inconsiderationoftheagreementhereaftercontainedofPartyB,,contractsandagreeswithPartyB,thathewilldeliver,,ingoodandmarketablecondition,toPartyB,duringthemonthofApril,ofnextyear,,fivethousandtonsofcoal,inthefollowinglots,,andonthefollowingspecifiedterms,viz.::onethousandtonsbytheseventhofApril,onethousandtonsadditionalbythefourteenthofthemonth,onethousandtonsmorebythetwenty-first,andtheentirefivethousandtonstobealldeliveredbythethirtiethofApril.60AndPartyB,inconsiderationofthepromptfulfillmentofthiscontractbyPartyA,contractsandagreeswithPartyAtopa