2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-燕山大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)94

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-燕山大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughter______inthesameoffice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadnotworked

B.nottowork

C.doesnotwork

D.didnotwork

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：經(jīng)理寧愿他的女兒不和他在同一個(gè)辦公室工作。wouldrather后接句子時(shí)，句子謂語(yǔ)通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的愿望。在這里沒(méi)有明確表明和女兒在同一個(gè)辦公室工作的事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生，而是表示將來(lái)，希望這樣的事情不會(huì)發(fā)生，所以從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，D選項(xiàng)didnotwork符合題意。A選項(xiàng)hadnotworked是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，用于已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情。B選項(xiàng)nottowork和C選項(xiàng)doesnotwork語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Tohandlethedelicatesituation,youmustbe______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.carefullyenough

B.enoughcarefully

C.morethancareful

D.morecarefully

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。morethan用于形容詞或副詞前，意思為“非常；十分”。根據(jù)be動(dòng)詞后接形容詞確定C選項(xiàng)morethancareful“非常小心”正確。其余選項(xiàng)中carefully是副詞，不放在be動(dòng)詞后面。句意：要處理這個(gè)微妙的局面，你必須非常小心。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Don’tloseheart!Youshould______yourcourageandovercomethedifficult.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pullup

B.pluckup

C.holdup

D.setup

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)pullup“停車(chē)；停下；（將椅子）挪近然后坐下”；B選項(xiàng)pluckup“振作；鼓起勇氣；發(fā)動(dòng)”，pluckupthecourage(todosth.)；C選項(xiàng)holdup“舉起；耽擱；（在逆境中）保持良好狀況”；D選項(xiàng)setup“設(shè)置；成立；創(chuàng)建”。句意：別灰心！你應(yīng)該______勇氣克服困難。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指要勇敢面對(duì)困難，B選項(xiàng)pluckup“振作；鼓起勇氣；發(fā)動(dòng)”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Onnoaccount______toanyonewhoworksinthecompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mynamemustbementioned

B.mynamemustmention

C.mustmynamebementioned

D.mustmynamemention

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：無(wú)論如何不能向在公司工作的任何人提及我的名字。根據(jù)否定詞謂語(yǔ)句首，確定用部分倒裝，語(yǔ)序是否定詞+be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+剩余部分；根據(jù)myname和mention是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，確定用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。C選項(xiàng)mustmynamebementioned符合題意。其余選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshis______orsocialposition.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.curiosity

B.status

C.determination

D.significance

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)curiosity“好奇”；B選項(xiàng)status“身份，職位”；C選項(xiàng)determination“決心”；D選項(xiàng)significance“（尤指對(duì)將來(lái)有影響的）重要性；意思，含義”。句意：一個(gè)人穿的衣服可以體現(xiàn)他的______或社會(huì)地位。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是可以通過(guò)衣服看出一個(gè)人的社會(huì)信息，B選項(xiàng)status“身份，職位”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Sheisfondof______,sodon’tapproachherandtellherwhattroublesyou.She’llmakeitknowtoall.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.speech

B.appraisal

C.comment

D.gossip

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)speech“演講”；B選項(xiàng)appraisal“評(píng)估；估價(jià)”；C選項(xiàng)comment“議論；批評(píng)”；D選項(xiàng)gossip“流言飛語(yǔ)，閑言碎語(yǔ)；閑聊”。句意：她喜歡______，所以不要接近她，告訴她你的煩惱。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指她非常喜歡說(shuō)閑話(huà)，所以不要跟她走太近，D選項(xiàng)gossip“流言飛語(yǔ)，閑言碎語(yǔ)”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Assoonas1completemytraininghere,Iamgoingtobea______expert.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rod

B.volume

C.sphere

D.missile

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rod“長(zhǎng)桿；長(zhǎng)棒”；B選項(xiàng)volume“體積；合訂本”；C選項(xiàng)sphere“（活動(dòng)、興趣的）領(lǐng)域；球體”；D選項(xiàng)missile“導(dǎo)彈；（作為武器的）投擲物”。句意：一旦我完成在這里的訓(xùn)練，我將成為一名______專(zhuān)家。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是成為某一個(gè)特定領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)家，D選項(xiàng)missile“導(dǎo)彈；（作為武器的）投擲物”符合題意，意思是導(dǎo)彈專(zhuān)家。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thechancellor______thefactthathewasthecentreofcriticismandstucktohisreforms.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discharged

B.disregarded

C.disguised

D.disposed

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)discharged“履行（職責(zé)或義務(wù)）；批準(zhǔn)離開(kāi)”；B選項(xiàng)disregarded“不理會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)disguised“偽裝；掩飾”；D選項(xiàng)disposed“處理；扔掉”。句意：這位財(cái)政大臣______自己成為批評(píng)的焦點(diǎn)這一事實(shí)，堅(jiān)持改革。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指不論別人怎么批評(píng)，財(cái)政大臣始終堅(jiān)持改革，B選項(xiàng)disregarded“不理會(huì)”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.翻譯題

Parentsofwailingbabies,takecomfort:Youarenotalone.Chimpanzeebabiesfuss.Seagullchickssquawk.Buryingbeetlelarvaetaptheirparents’legs.Throughouttheanimalkingdom,babiesknowhowtogettheirparents’attention.Exactlywhyevolutionhasproducedallthisfussing,squawkingandtappingisaquestionmanybiologistsaretryingtoanswer.

(1)Someday,thatanswermayshedsomelightonthemysteryofcryinginhumanbabies.“Itmaypointresearchersintherightdirectiontofindthecausesofexcessivecrying,”saidJosephSoltis,abioacousticsexpertatDisney’sAnimalKingdominLakeBuenaVista,Florida.SoltispublishedanarticleontheevolutionofcryinginthecurrentissueofBehavioralandBrainSciences.

Younganimalsvaryinhowmuchtheycry,squawkorotherwisecommunicatewiththeirparents,andstudieswithmice,beetlesandmonkeysshowthatthisvariationispartlybasedongenes.

Somelevelofcryinginhumans,ofcourse,isbasedongaspainsandmessydiapers.(2)Butasforthegeneticcontribution,youmightexpectthatnaturalselectionwouldfavorgenesfornoisierchildren,sincetheywouldgetmoreattention.

Beforelong,however,thissortofdeceptionmayberuinous.Ifthesignalsofoffspringbecametotallyunreliable,parentswouldnolongerbenefitfrompayingattention.(3)Someevolutionarybiologistshaveproposedthatnaturalselectionshouldthereforefavorso-calledhonestadvertisements.

Somebiologistshavespeculatedthatthesehonestadvertisementsmaynotjusttellaparentwhichoffspringarehungry.Theymightalsoshowtheirparentthattheyarehealthyandvigorousandthereforeworthsomeextrainvestment.

Thebabiesofrhesusmacaquemonkeyscryouttotheirmothersandtendtocryevenmorearoundthetimetheirmotherswean(斷奶)them.Themothers,inresponse,begintoignoremostoftheirbabies’distresscalls,sincemostturnouttobefalsealarms.

“Initially,mothersrespondanytimeaninfantcries,”saidDarioMaestripieri,aprimatologistattheUniversityofChicago,(4)“Butasthecriesincrease,theyrespondlessandless.Theybecomemoreskeptical.Soinfantsstartcryingless.Sotheygothroughthesecycles,adjustingtheirresponses.”

KimBard,aprimatologistattheUniversityofPlymouthinEngland,hasspentmorethanadecadeobservingchimpanzeebabies.“Chimpscancryforalongtimeifsomethingterribleishappeningtothem,butwhenyoupickthemup,theystop,”Bardsaid.“I’veneverseenanychimpanzeesinthefirstthreemonthsoflifebeinconsolable.”

Maestripieriandotherresearcherssaytheseevolutionaryforcesmayhavealsoshapedthecriesofhumanbabies.“Allprimateinfantscry,”Maestripierisaid.(5)“It’saveryconservedbehavior.It’snotsomethinghumanshaveevolvedontheirown.”

【答案】1.有一天，也許這個(gè)答案會(huì)解開(kāi)人類(lèi)嬰兒哭泣之謎。

2.但說(shuō)到基因方面的原因，你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為自然選擇會(huì)傾向于吵鬧的孩子的基因，因?yàn)樗麄儠?huì)得到更多的關(guān)注。

3.因此，有的進(jìn)化生物學(xué)家提出，自然選擇會(huì)傾向于所謂的誠(chéng)實(shí)宣傳。

4.但隨著叫聲越來(lái)越多，母親的反應(yīng)也越來(lái)越少，因?yàn)樗齻冮_(kāi)始懷疑哭聲的真實(shí)性。所以嬰兒的嗷叫隨之變少。

5.“這是一種非常保守的行為。這不是人類(lèi)自己進(jìn)化出來(lái)的?！?/p>

10.單選題

Themandenied______anythingatthesupermarketwhenhewasquestionedbythepolice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tohavestolen

B.tosteal

C.havingstolen

D.havingbeenstealing

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：警察盤(pán)問(wèn)那人時(shí)，他否認(rèn)偷了超市里的任何東西。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)denydoingsth.確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在分詞ing形式，根據(jù)steal的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在deny之前，確定用完成時(shí)，C選項(xiàng)havingstolen符合題意。沒(méi)有denytodosth.的用法，A選項(xiàng)tohavestolen和B選項(xiàng)tosteal錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)havingbeenstealing沒(méi)有這個(gè)用法，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Youhaveyourchoiceofthree______oficecream.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.varieties

B.tops

C.respects

D.decks

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)varieties“（同一事物的）不同種類(lèi)；品種”；B選項(xiàng)tops“頂端；表面”；C選項(xiàng)respects“（事物的）方面，細(xì)節(jié)”；D選項(xiàng)decks“（船或公共汽車(chē)的）一層”。句意：你有三______冰淇淋供你選擇。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是有三種不同的冰淇淋，A選項(xiàng)varieties“（同一事物的）不同種類(lèi)”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Weall______yourcomingtohelpus.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appropriate

B.appreciate

C.admit

D.affect

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)appropriate“盜用；撥（專(zhuān)款等）”；B選項(xiàng)appreciate“欣賞；感激”；C選項(xiàng)admit“承認(rèn)（不好、不快或?qū)擂蔚氖聦?shí)）”；D選項(xiàng)affect“（感情上）深深打動(dòng)；使悲傷（或憐憫等）”。句意：我們都______你來(lái)幫助我們。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里幫助對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是B選項(xiàng)appreciate“欣賞；感激”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Hehasabadimpressionofhis______intheoffice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.barbers

B.audience

C.colleagues

D.bullets

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)barbers“理發(fā)師；理發(fā)店”；B選項(xiàng)audience“觀眾；聽(tīng)眾；讀者”；C選項(xiàng)colleagues“同事”；D選項(xiàng)bullets“子彈”。句意：他對(duì)辦公室里的______印象很差。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，辦公室里的是同事，C選項(xiàng)colleagues“同事”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Heisverykindandhasputhiscarentirelyatour______fortheholiday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.usage

B.disposal

C.pleasure

D.position

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)usage“使用，利用，利用率”；B選項(xiàng)atone’sdisposal“由某人支配，由某人做主”；C選項(xiàng)atone’spleasure“隨心所欲”；D選項(xiàng)position“位置，地方”。句意：他非常熱心，在假期把他的汽車(chē)______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是把車(chē)借給我們用，B選項(xiàng)atone’sdisposal“由某人支配”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Your______inteachingisdifferentfrommine.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.altitude

B.approach

C.fuel

D.lump

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)altitude“海拔高度”；B選項(xiàng)approach“（待人接物或思考問(wèn)題的）方式，方法，態(tài)度”；C選項(xiàng)fuel“燃料”；D選項(xiàng)lump“（通常為無(wú)定形的）塊”。句意：你的______和我的不同。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是兩人在某方面不同，B選項(xiàng)approach“（待人接物或思考問(wèn)題的）方式，方法，態(tài)度”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Theresultswereto______yesterday,butwehaveheardnothing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reveal

B.haverevealed

C.berevealed

D.havebeenrevealed

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：結(jié)果本應(yīng)在昨天公布，但我們什么也沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)。wereto表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，根據(jù)reveal的動(dòng)作按照計(jì)劃在昨天就應(yīng)該被完成，確定用完成的狀態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，D選項(xiàng)havebeenrevealed符合題意。A選項(xiàng)reveal是動(dòng)詞原形，B選項(xiàng)haverevealed只表示完成，C選項(xiàng)berevealed只表示被動(dòng)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.翻譯題

(1)Aswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease.Andespeciallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.Thelineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther.Imagineapersonwhoisabouttherightweight,butdoesnoteatverynutritious(有影響的)foods,whofeelsOKbutexercisesonlyoccasionally,whogoestoworkeveryday,butisnotanoutstandingworker,whodrinksafewbeersathomemostnightsbutdoesnotdrivewhiledrunk,andwhohasnochestpainsorabnormalbloodcounts,butsleepsalotandoftenfeelstired.(2)Thispersonisnotill.Hemaynotevenbeatriskforanyparticulardisease.Butwecanimaginethatthispersoncouldbealothealthier.

(3)Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled“well”.Inrecentyears,however,somehealthspecialistshavebeguntoapplytheterms“well”and“wellness”onlytothosewhoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth.(4)Peoplewhoarewellareconcernedwithnutritionandexercise,andtheymakeapointofmonitoringtheirbody’scondition.Mostimportant,perhaps,peoplewhoarewelltakeactiveresponsibilityforallmattersrelatedtotheirhealth.Evenpeoplewhohaveaphysicaldiseaseorhandicap(缺陷)maybe“well”,inthisnewsense,iftheymakeanefforttomaintainthebestpossiblehealththeycaninthefaceoftheirphysicallimitations.“Wellness”mayperhapsbestbeviewednotasastatethatpeoplecanachieve,butasanidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor.Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes.(5)Andbyfocusingattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife.

【答案】1.正如我們所見(jiàn)，如今社會(huì)醫(yī)療保健的重點(diǎn)已從治療疾病轉(zhuǎn)向預(yù)防疾病。

2.這個(gè)人沒(méi)有生病，甚至可能沒(méi)有患上任何特定疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但是我們可以想象他可以更健康。

3.傳統(tǒng)上，醫(yī)學(xué)并沒(méi)有區(qū)分那些僅僅是“沒(méi)有生病”的人和那些身體非常健康并且注意身體特殊需求的人。

4.健康的人注意營(yíng)養(yǎng)和運(yùn)動(dòng)，他們非常重視關(guān)注自身的身體狀況。

5.通過(guò)關(guān)注健康的生活方式和概念可以對(duì)人們面對(duì)日常生活挑戰(zhàn)的方式產(chǎn)生積極影響。

18.單選題

Hisdebtshadtobe______afterhecommittedsuicidewithhisrifle.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.laidoff

B.writtenoff

C.turnedoff

D.putoff

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)laidoff“下崗，解雇”；B選項(xiàng)writtenoff“一筆勾銷(xiāo)；注銷(xiāo)”；C選項(xiàng)turnedoff“關(guān)閉”；D選項(xiàng)putoff“推遲”。句意：他用步槍自殺后，他欠下的債務(wù)不得不______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指他自殺后債務(wù)就不存在了，B選項(xiàng)writtenoff“一筆勾銷(xiāo)；注銷(xiāo)”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Mymothercamehereonlyfora______stay.ShewouldflytoLosAngelesthenextday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.premature

B.transient

C.shortened

D.prolonged

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)premature“草率的；提早的”；B選項(xiàng)transient“短暫的”；C選項(xiàng)shortened“縮短的”；D選項(xiàng)prolonged“長(zhǎng)期的”。句意：我母親來(lái)這里______停留。第二天她將飛往洛杉磯。根據(jù)第二天就要走，可知這里指的是短暫停留，B選項(xiàng)transient“短暫的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Between1974and1997,thenumberofoverseasvisitorsexpanded______27%.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.in

C.by

D.for

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)expandedto“增加到”；B選項(xiàng)expandin“在……中增加”；C選項(xiàng)expandby“增加了”；D選項(xiàng)expandfor非固定搭配。句意：在1974至1997年間，海外游客人數(shù)______27%。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是海外游客人數(shù)在這些年的對(duì)比，C選項(xiàng)expandby“增加了”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

“Doyouthink______Ishouldattendthelecture?”sheaskedme.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.whether

C.if

D.when

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：“你認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該去聽(tīng)講座嗎？”她問(wèn)我。Ishouldattendthelecture作think的賓語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞用that，A選項(xiàng)that符合題意。B選項(xiàng)whether和C選項(xiàng)if“是否”詞義和前面疑問(wèn)詞do重復(fù)；如果要用D選項(xiàng)when，就要改成whendoyouthink。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Thefarmerusedwoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.where

C.with

D.inwhich

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：那位農(nóng)民用木頭蓋了一所房子，用來(lái)儲(chǔ)存糧食。橫線(xiàn)前面部分是完整的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，橫線(xiàn)到句尾要么是短語(yǔ)要么是從句，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，后面部分還原成tostoregraininahouse，強(qiáng)調(diào)在房子里面儲(chǔ)存糧食，D選項(xiàng)inwhich是修飾storegrain的狀語(yǔ)，A選項(xiàng)which不能作狀語(yǔ)；B選項(xiàng)where雖然也可以作狀語(yǔ)，但是指在建造房子的整個(gè)地方，而不是房子里面；C選項(xiàng)with后面接介詞to語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

Shecasthereyesroundtheroomin______ofachairtositin.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.demand

B.requirement

C.question

D.quest

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)demand“要求；需求”，indemandof非固定搭配，demandforsth.“要求某物”；B選項(xiàng)requirement“必需品；必備條件”；C選項(xiàng)question“疑問(wèn)；議題；困惑”；D選項(xiàng)quest“探索，尋找”，inquestofsth.“尋找/探索某事物”。句意：她向房間四下看，______椅子來(lái)坐。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指在房間里到處看，想找把椅子坐，D選項(xiàng)quest“探索，尋找”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Nobodylikestaxes.

Nowthat’safairlysafestatementtomake.IknowIdon’t.OneofthereasonsImovedbacktotheUSfromCanada,isthatAmericanspayfarfewertaxesthanCanadiansdo.Infact,itseemstobepartoftheAmericandreamtoavoidpayinganytaxes.Wedon’twanttopaythemontheInternet.Manystatesdon’twanttheircitizenstopaystatetaxes.Andahugefederalincometaxcutwasjustpushedthrough.

Andnodoubttherearestillpeoplewhothinkwepaytoomanytaxes.ButthepeopleofBraintree,Massachusetts,mightbethinkingdifferently.Braintreehasaproblem.NotonceinthepasttwodecadesdidthetownpassresolutionsthatignoredProposition2.5—thelawthatsaysthetowngovernmentcannotraiseeachyear’staxlevymorethan2.5percentabovethepreviousyear’scharges.Nordidtheyfloatanybondstopayfordebt.Braintreeisalsoafairlybustlingcommercialtown.WhichmeanthatresidenttaxrateswereamongthelowestintheBostonarea.

Butthere’soneproblem.Braintreeis,well,fallingapart.Especiallyitsschools.Whileeverybodywaspattinghimselforherselfonthebackforkeepingtaxesdown,school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded.Buteveniftheydidgettheattention,notmuchcouldbedonebecausetherewasn’tenoughmoneyinthetown’skittytopayforneededrepair.Butasmymotherwouldsay,onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong.Andnowit’stimetopayup.Theschooldepartmentwants$100milliontofixtheschools.Millionsmorewillbeneededforroadrepairsandfixingthetown’sworseningwaterandsewerlines.

Boy,ohboy,peoplearegoingtohaveSOMEkindoftaxbillinBraintreethisyear.Andprobablyforthenextfewyearsaswell.Anddon’tforget,thissituationaffectsmorethanjustthetown’sinfrastructure.Realestatepriceswillsufferaswell.Whowantstomovetoatownwithfallingschools,badroads,andquestionablewater?

Thereisalessoninallthis—notpayingenoughtaxisjustasbadaspayingtoomuchtax.TherearesomepeopleintheUSwhopointoutthatalltaxmoneyshouldbegivenbacktoindividuals,notthevariousbranchesofgovernment.It’sourmoney,theycry.Inoneway,agreewiththem,itisourmoney.Butthefacttheyconvenientlyforget—orignore—isthatthemoneythegovernmentkeepsis“our”moneyaswell.That’sbecauseitpaysforOURschools,OURroads,OURmilitary,OURcommunitiesinneedofhelpaftereventslikefloodsorotherdisasters.

1.InwhatwaymightpeopleofBraintreethinkdifferentaboutpayingtaxes?

2.WhatmakestheauthorcometotheconclusionthatpeopleinBraintreepaythelowesttaxratesintheBostonareaisthefactthat________.

3.WhatistheallegedproblemthatfacesBraintreeatpresent?

4.Whentheauthorquotesfromhismotherthat“onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong”(thefourthparagraph),hemeansthat________.

5.Withregardtopayingtaxes,theauthorisactuallysayingthat________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theythinkthegovernment’staxcutplanisimpracticable.

B.Theythinktheyhavebeenpayingtoomanytaxes.

C.Theythinkthetowngovernmentmisusethetaxestheyhavepaid.

D.Theythinkpayingenoughtaxesisnecessarytokeepingthingsgoing.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thetownhasneverchangeditstaxationlawinthelast20years

B.thetownhasbeenafast-developingone

C.thetownhasneverfloatedbondstopayitsdebtinthelast20years

D.manymoreschools,roadsandthelikehavebeenbuiltrecently

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Nooneiswillingtopayanytaxes.

B.Notenoughattentionispaidtoeducations.

C.Thetownnothaveenoughmoneytoexpanditsinfrastructure.

D.Thetowndoesnotcollectenoughtaxestokeepitselfingoodshape.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.onehastotastethebitterresultifheisblindtoaproblem

B.keepingeverythingingoodorderistooheavyaburdenforasmalltown

C.oneshouldneverkeepanelephantinhislivingroomforlong

D.smalltownshouldnotlevytooheavyataxagainstpeople’swill

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.payingenoughtaxesisthecitizen’sobligation

B.hedoesnotliketaxesandwouldavoidthemifhecould

C.thegovernmentshouldnotabusethetaxes

D.thegovernmentshouldnotlevytooheavyatax

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一、二句Andnodoubttherearestillpeoplewhothinkwepaytoomanytaxes.ButthepeopleofBraintree,Massachusetts,mightbethinkingdifferently.（毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，仍然有人認(rèn)為我們納稅太多。但是馬薩諸塞州布倫特里人可能想法不同。）和第四段第一、二句Butthere’soneproblem.Braintreeis,well,fallingapart.（但有一個(gè)問(wèn)題。布倫特里正在分崩離析。），可知布倫特里人不認(rèn)為他們納稅過(guò)多，相反因?yàn)榧{稅過(guò)少導(dǎo)致問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)，D選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為付足夠的稅是維持生活的必要條件”正確；B選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為他們已經(jīng)納稅太多”不符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾。A選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為政府的減稅計(jì)劃行不通”和C選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為市政府濫用他們繳納的稅款”：文中沒(méi)有提到政府減稅和政府濫用稅款，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第三句N(xiāo)ordidtheyfloatanybondstopayfordebt.（他們也沒(méi)有發(fā)行任何債券來(lái)償還債務(wù)。），可知C選項(xiàng)“在過(guò)去的20年里，這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)從未發(fā)行過(guò)債券來(lái)償還債務(wù)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在過(guò)去的20年里，這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)從未改變過(guò)稅法”：根據(jù)第三段第四句N(xiāo)otonceinthepasttwodecadesdidthetownpassresolutionsthatignoredProposition2.5（在過(guò)去的20年里，該鎮(zhèn)從未通過(guò)無(wú)視2.5號(hào)提案的決議），沒(méi)有提到關(guān)于納稅的所有法規(guī)都沒(méi)有通過(guò)，只是關(guān)于其中一項(xiàng)沒(méi)有改變，屬于曲解原文。B選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展很快”：根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Braintreeisalsoafairlybustlingcommercialtown.（布倫特里還是一個(gè)相當(dāng)繁華的商業(yè)小鎮(zhèn)。），但這不等同于小鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展速度很快，屬于曲解原文。D選項(xiàng)“最近修建了更多的學(xué)校、道路和類(lèi)似的東西”：根據(jù)第四段第四句school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded（學(xué)校、道路、橋梁等設(shè)施的年久失修，并沒(méi)有得到應(yīng)有的關(guān)注），可知不符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第四、五句school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded.Buteveniftheydidgettheattention,notmuchcouldbedonebecausetherewasn’tenoughmoneyinthetown’skittytopayforneededrepair.（學(xué)校、道路、橋梁等設(shè)施的年久失修，并沒(méi)有得到應(yīng)有的關(guān)注。但即使人們注意到了，也做不了什么，因?yàn)殒?zhèn)上沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)來(lái)支付必要的維修費(fèi)用。），可知問(wèn)題的根源在于沒(méi)有錢(qián)，而這是因?yàn)檎鞫惒蛔悖珼選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)沒(méi)有征收足夠的稅來(lái)保持良好發(fā)展”正確；不修繕學(xué)校不是因?yàn)椴恢匾暯逃?，而是缺少資金，B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)教育不夠重視”屬于曲解原文；這里提到的不是擴(kuò)大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，只是對(duì)其進(jìn)行維修，C選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)來(lái)擴(kuò)大它的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”屬于曲解原文。A選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有人愿意交稅”：根據(jù)第五段Boy,ohboy,peoplearegoingtohaveSOMEkindoftaxbillinBraintreethisyear…Whowantstomovetoatownwithfallingschools,badroads,andquestionablewater?（天啊，天啊，今年在布倫特里的人們要交某種稅了……誰(shuí)愿意搬到一個(gè)學(xué)校破敗、道路糟糕、水源問(wèn)題叢生的小鎮(zhèn)？），這里暗指人們?cè)敢饨欢?，不符合文章?nèi)容，屬于反向干擾。

因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第六、七句Butasmymotherwouldsay,onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong.Andnowit’stimetopayup.（就像我媽媽常說(shuō)的，人們只能忽視客廳里的大象這么久了?，F(xiàn)在是時(shí)候付錢(qián)了。），客廳里的大象是非常明顯的現(xiàn)象，指的是納稅不足導(dǎo)致的各種問(wèn)題，而這個(gè)問(wèn)題如果不解決，遲早有一天會(huì)嚴(yán)重到不得不解決的獨(dú)步，A選項(xiàng)“如果一個(gè)人對(duì)問(wèn)題視而不見(jiàn)，就會(huì)嘗到苦果”正確；C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人不應(yīng)該把大象長(zhǎng)時(shí)間放在客廳里”僅僅解釋了字面意思，沒(méi)有解釋內(nèi)涵，屬于偷換概念；這里表達(dá)的意思是需要增稅，D選項(xiàng)“小鎮(zhèn)不應(yīng)該征收違背人們意愿的重稅”屬于反向干擾。B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)于一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)來(lái)說(shuō)，保持一切井井有條負(fù)擔(dān)太沉重”：文中沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者在第一、二段闡述不想納稅的觀點(diǎn)，隨后舉出布倫特因?yàn)榧{稅不夠而導(dǎo)致問(wèn)題的例子，在最后一段總結(jié)征稅過(guò)多和過(guò)少都會(huì)導(dǎo)致問(wèn)題，并且強(qiáng)調(diào)政府的錢(qián)最后用于公民的生活，A選項(xiàng)“繳納足夠的稅款是公民的義務(wù)”正確；D選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)征稅過(guò)重”文中有提到，但是不是重點(diǎn)，屬于曲解原文。B選項(xiàng)“他不喜歡稅收，如果可能，他會(huì)盡量避免”：作者在開(kāi)頭提出不喜歡征稅的觀點(diǎn)是為了吸引讀者注意和欲揚(yáng)先抑，這不是作者想要表達(dá)的核心觀點(diǎn)，屬于反向干擾。C選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)濫用稅收”：文中沒(méi)有提到政府濫用稅收，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

25.單選題

Idon’tmind______thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.yourdelayingtomake

B.youdelaytomake

C.youtodelaymaking

D.yourdelayingmaking

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：只要不是太晚，我不介意你推遲做決定。minddoingsth.“介意做某事”，delaydoingsth.“推遲做某事”，mind和delay后跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，D選項(xiàng)yourdelayingmaking符合題意。其余選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

26.翻譯題

(1)Inmanyofthecountriesstrugglingtofindenoughwaterfortheirpopulations,itisthegovernmentthatistoblame,notgeographyaccordingtoareportoutthisweek.

(2)SeveralrecentUNstudiesshowthatlackofwaterisholdingbackfoodproductionandeconomicdevelopmentinmoreandmoreregionsaroundtheworld.AccordingtotheUNEnvironmentProgram,athirdoftheplanetwillfacewatershortagesby2025.

ButCarolineSullivan,headofwaterpolicyandmanagementatBritain’sCentreforEcologyandHydrology(CEH)inWallingford,Oxfordshire,saystheseproblemsareoftenofacountry’sownmaking.(3)“Itiseasyforgovernmentstoblamegeographywhentheproblemisusuallytheirownfailings.”Shesays.Unlesstheyrealizethis,theywillhavenochanceofachievingthegoalagreedatthisyear’sWorldSummitofhalvingthenumberofpeoplewithoutaccesstocleandrinkingwaterby2015,sheadds.

SullivanisthechiefauthoroftheWaterPovertyIndex,publishedthisweekbytheCEHTheindex,whichwasputtogetherwithSullivan’scolleaguesatthewaterpolicythinktanktheWorldWaterCouncil,rankscountriesbyhowefficientlytheyconserve,useanddeliverwatertothosewhoneedit.

(4)Itrevealsasharpcontrastbetweencountriesthatmanagetheirwaterwellandthosethatdon’t.HaitiandtheDominicanRepublicsharethesameCaribbeanisland,andhavesimilarpopulationsandaccesstosimilaramountsofWater.YetwhiletheDominicanRepublicappearsinthetophalfoftheindex,Haitisufferslastoutofthe147countriesassessed.

Onereasonispoverty,butHaitihasalsochoppeddownitsforest,causing20%muchsoilerosionthatrainfallrunsintotheseainflashfloodsratherthansoakingintothesoilandsupplementingaquifers(地下蓄水層).

Notallrichnationsfarewellintheindex.(5)TheU.S.andJapancome32ndand36threspectively,largelybecausethewaytheycollectandusewateriswastefulanddamagestheenvironment.Australiaranked44th,whileBritainisin11thplace.“Therealcrisisisnottheamountofwater.It’sthewayweuseit.”saysSullivan.

【答案】1.本周公布的報(bào)告表明，在奮力為人民找到充足水源的許多國(guó)家中，應(yīng)該承擔(dān)責(zé)任的是政府，而不是地理環(huán)境。

2.聯(lián)合國(guó)最近的幾項(xiàng)研究表明，在世界上越來(lái)越多的地區(qū)，缺水正阻礙糧食生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

3.如果問(wèn)題基本上是政府自身的過(guò)失，政府很容易怪罪于地理環(huán)境。

4.它形成了鮮明的對(duì)比，有的國(guó)家恰如其分地管理了水資源，而有的國(guó)家沒(méi)有。

5.美國(guó)和日本分別排在第32位和第36位，這主要是因?yàn)樗麄兪占褪褂盟姆绞皆斐衫速M(fèi)且破壞環(huán)境。

27.單選題

______herinexperienceherfailuretosecurethecontractwasnotsurprising.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inviewof

B.Withregardto

C.Byvirtueof

D.Accordingto

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)Inviewof“鑒于，考慮到”；B選項(xiàng)Withregardto“至于”；C選項(xiàng)Byvirtueof“由于，憑借”；D選項(xiàng)Accordingto“按照”。句意：______她缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，她沒(méi)能簽署那份合同就不足為奇了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)很大程度上讓她沒(méi)能簽成合同，A選項(xiàng)Inviewof“鑒于，考慮到”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

28.單選題

Healwaystakesprideinhiswork.Heisvery______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.humble

B.devoted

C.respective

D.formal

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)humble“謙遜的，虛心的”；B選項(xiàng)devoted“忠誠(chéng)的，全心全意的”；C選項(xiàng)respective“分別的，各自的”；D選項(xiàng)formal“適合正式場(chǎng)合的；正規(guī)的”。句意：他總是為自己的工作感到自豪。他非常______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是他很投入于自己的工作，為自己的工作感到自豪，B選項(xiàng)devoted“忠誠(chéng)的，全心全意的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

29.單選題

IamneverthefirstinlinetotryoutorbuynewtechnologiesCaseinpoint:IamtheonlypersonIknowwhohasmanagedtosurviveontheplanetthislongwithoutowningacellphone.Iliveasimple,wirefreelifeinamountainousvillageonaremoteislandintheAegean.

Thisiswhywemovedhere,toleavethecitysmogandtheall-franticpacebehindus.Instead,wearesurroundedbygoatsandcats.Wemadetherightdecision.

Acoupleofweeksagoonthebeach,Icameacrossasalmoncoloredconchshell.It’sasillyhabit,butIholdashelltomyeartoseeifIcanhearthewavescrashing.Ineverdo,ofcourse,butIrepeattheexerciseendlessly.Idon’tknowwhythethoughthitme,butsuddenlyitoccurredtomethisshellwasaboutthesizeofafirst-generationcellphone.Idecidedtokeepit

EversinceIbroughtithome,I’vebeenamusingmyselfby“dialing”itandwaitingforittoring.Amazing,thismoderntechnology!Ihavecalleditandamquitetakenwithit.

Ifigureditwastimetotestitoutintherealworld,minuteasmy“realworld”is.Itookitwithmeonedaywhenwewentoutforlunch.Asbusytheothertablesreachedfortheircellphonestocheckinwiththeirbossesaboutthisorthat,Imademymove.Iheldmyshellphonetomyearandspokebriefly.Iamawomanoffewwords.

Iwatchedforreactions,butnobodyseemedtheleastbitconcerned.Onhiswayout,onedinercomplimentedmeonmyunusualmodel.“Oh,it’sthelatestintheOmega-22-Alphaseries.”Ismiled,“Iboughtitatthebigelectronicstradefair.”

Ihadtolaughatmyownjoke:Ihaven’tbeenoffmylittleGreekislandfortwoyears.Ihavecompletelyforgottenwhattheinteriorofabookstoreoramovietheaterlookslike.Ilive28sea-hoursfromAthens,trulyinthemiddleofnowhere.

Thedinernodded,stilltakingmeseriously.Perhapshefeltabitembarrassedthathehadn’tattendedthetradefair.Afterall,nobodywantstoadmitbeingoutoftheloopaboutthelatesttrends,electronicorotherwise.

Idon’talwayscarryitwithme,butnowIatleastownamodernshellphoneandamsemi-connectedtotherestoftheplanet.Ofcourse,Iwon’thandoutmynumbertojustanybody.ThelastthingIwantisabunchoftelemarketersfindingmeandinterruptingmydinnertoaskifIwanttoinvestintimesharesonaGreekisland.

Irealizeitwasabargain,butatthemoment,Iamhavingabizarrebitofatechnicaldifficultywithmywirelesswonder.Itmaybemyimagination,butwheneverIpickupmyphone,Idistinctlyhearthesea.

1.Awire-freelifeasmentionedinthefirstparagraphreferstoalife________.

2.Theauthor’stestwithher“shellphone”intherealworldimpliesthat________.

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsmodernlifeseemstobeoneof________.

4.Theauthorfeelsherdecisiontoliveontheislandisa(n)________one.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatisnewtechnologyindependent

B.thatissimpleandisolatedfromtherestoftheworld

C.thatissubjectedtonorestraintsofworkandtraditions

D.thatisnotconnectedwithtelecommunicationsdevices

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.sheisapersonwhotendstobeindulgedinself-amusement

B.sheissolongisolatedfromtheworldthatshenolongerunderstandsit

C.peoplearesobusywithmodernlifethattheycutthemselvesofffromnature

D.peopledonotcommunicatewitheachotherasoftenastheydidbefore

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.amazement

B.dissatisfaction

C.contentment

D.enthusiasm

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.bizarre

B.correct

C.imprudent

D.tough

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.LifewithoutNewTechnologies

B.NewTypeofCellphone

C.NewTechnologiesandModernLife

D.FeaturesofShellPhonesandCellPhones

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句IamneverthefirstinlinetotryoutorbuynewtechnologiesCaseinpoint:IamtheonlypersonIknowwhohasmanagedtosurviveontheplanetthislongwithoutowningacellphone.（我從來(lái)都不是第一個(gè)嘗試或購(gòu)買(mǎi)新科技的人：我是我所知道的唯一一個(gè)在沒(méi)有手機(jī)的情況下在這個(gè)星球上生存了這么久的人。），這里指的是不使用像手機(jī)這樣的新科技，A選