2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-浙江工商大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)80

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-浙江工商大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

目前，中國(guó)仍是跨國(guó)公司投資的首選目的地，特別是在服務(wù)業(yè)和外包行業(yè)。2013年，全球外國(guó)直接投資下降近40%，但對(duì)華投資僅下降3%。作為對(duì)西方擔(dān)憂的回應(yīng)，中國(guó)不斷加大保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)力度，制定了系列比較完整、在世界上也比較先進(jìn)的保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法律體系和行政執(zhí)法、刑事執(zhí)法雙軌的執(zhí)法機(jī)制。在危機(jī)中遭遇巨大沖擊的跨國(guó)公司，在中國(guó)找到了新的發(fā)展空間和增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。2009年，通用汽車在美國(guó)申請(qǐng)破產(chǎn)，但該公司在華銷售卻增長(zhǎng)了67%。

(參考詞匯：multinationalcompanies;outsourcing;intellectualproperty;double-track)

【答案】

Recently,Chinaremainsatopdestinationforinvestmentbymultinationalcompanies,particularlyinserviceandoutsourcing.In2013,globalFDIdroppedbynearly40%,butinvestmentintoChinafellbyonly3%.ReactingtoworriesintheWest,Chinahasalsostrengthenedintellectualpropertyprotectionwithnewlawsanda“double-track”systemofadministrativeandcriminalenforcement.Crisis-hitmultinationalshavefoundnewsourcesofprofitgrowthinChina.In2009,GeneralMotorsfiledforbankruptcyintheUS,butitssalesinChinagrewby67%.

2.單選題

Janeisagirlwithanartistic（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.temperament

B.temperature

C.temperance

D.tempera

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查同形詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)temperament“氣質(zhì)，性情，性格，稟性”；B選項(xiàng)temperature“度；體溫；氣溫；發(fā)燒”；C選項(xiàng)temperance“戒酒，禁酒；自我克制，節(jié)制”；D選項(xiàng)tempera“蛋彩畫”。填入名詞受形容詞artistic修飾，故temperament“氣質(zhì)，性情，性格，稟性”符合題意，句意為：簡(jiǎn)是一個(gè)有藝術(shù)氣質(zhì)的女孩。答案選A。

3.單選題

Thetwoimportant（

）inmakingacakeareflourandsugar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.elements

B.components

C.ingredients

D.constituents

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“成分，某物的組成部分”之意。A選項(xiàng)element“元素，要素”；B選項(xiàng)component“配件、要素”，機(jī)械的原件或者是組裝配件；C選項(xiàng)ingredient“原料、原材料”，指烹調(diào)用的事物配料；D選項(xiàng)constituent“成份、選民”，指的是整體中不可缺少的部分。由空格后介詞后面的關(guān)鍵詞“makingacake制作蛋糕”和“flourandsugar面粉與糖”，可知空格部分關(guān)鍵詞為“原料”，句意為：制作蛋糕的兩個(gè)重要的原料是面粉與糖。故正確答案選C。

4.單選題

heflourishofadulttrainingprogramspartiallyresultedfromthefeministmovement,（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichencouragingwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

B.whichencouragedwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

C.encouragingwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

D.thatencouragedwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。本句考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。主句是Theflourishofadulttrainingprogramspartiallyresultedfromthefeministmovement，后面which作為關(guān)系代詞指代thefeministmovement，在從句中作為主語(yǔ)，意思是“女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)鼓勵(lì)女性去提高她們?cè)诰蜆I(yè)市場(chǎng)的技能”，故正確答案選B。

5.單選題

EnglishliteratureandLinguisticsare（

）coursesforEnglishmajors.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrained

B.compulsory

C.conditional

D.conventional

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)constrained“拘泥的，被強(qiáng)迫的”；B選項(xiàng)compulsory“義務(wù)的，必修的”；C選項(xiàng)conditional“條件語(yǔ)氣的”；D選項(xiàng)conventional“符合習(xí)俗的，傳統(tǒng)的”。主語(yǔ)是“EnglishliteratureandLinguistics英國(guó)文學(xué)和語(yǔ)言學(xué)”，空格后面“courses課程”是句子的表語(yǔ)。由此判斷空格部分意思為“compulsorycourses必修課程”，句意為：英國(guó)文學(xué)和語(yǔ)言學(xué)是英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的必修課程。選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

6.單選題

（

）thatmanytravelerscomplainedtothetravelagency.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sofrequentlytheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshops

B.Sofrequentlytheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshopsdo

C.Sofrequentlydidtheguidetakethemtoluxuriousshops

D.Sotheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshopsfrequently

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。本題考查結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝用法。在“so/such…that...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，so和such連同它所修飾成分置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。主句需要倒裝；根據(jù)句子后面的結(jié)構(gòu)“thatmanytravelerscomplainedtothetravelagency.”可知前面是so引導(dǎo)的主句，需要采用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，句意為：導(dǎo)游帶游客去奢侈品商店太頻繁，以至于許多游客向旅行社投訴。故正確答案選C。

7.翻譯題

Analystshaverepeatedlypredictedthatthe“internetofthings”,whichaddssensorsandinternetcapabilitytoeverydayphysicalobjects,couldtransformthelivesofindividualsasdramaticallyasthespreadofthemobileinternet.Providershavefocusedonthehome,toutingproductssuchascoffeepotsthatturnonwhenthealarmclockrings,lightingandblindsthatadjusttothetimeofday,andfridgesthatsendanalertwhenthemilkrunsout.Butsofarconsumershavebeenlargelyresistanttomakingtheirhomes“smart”.That’snotforwantoftryingbytechfirms,whichhavepouredcashintotheireffortstoconnecteverydayobjectstotheInternet.

【答案】

分析人士曾多次預(yù)測(cè)，將傳感器和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)功能添加到日常物理物體上的“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”，可能會(huì)像移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及一樣，極大地改變個(gè)人生活。供應(yīng)商主要關(guān)注家居領(lǐng)域，他們兜售各種家居產(chǎn)品。例如：當(dāng)鬧鐘響起時(shí)就會(huì)自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)的咖啡壺、可根據(jù)一天時(shí)間變化自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)的智能燈具和百葉窗簾，以及當(dāng)牛奶喝光時(shí)就會(huì)自動(dòng)發(fā)送提醒的冰箱等等。然而，迄今為止，顧客大力抵制此類家庭智能化。這并不是因?yàn)榭萍脊緵](méi)有全力以赴，為使家居產(chǎn)品具備聯(lián)網(wǎng)功能，科技公司投入了大量財(cái)力。

8.單選題

Itisreportedthatthirtypeoplewerekilledina（

）ontherailwayyesterday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.collision

B.collaboration

C.corrosion

D.confrontation

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)collision“碰撞”；B選項(xiàng)collaboration“合作，勾結(jié)”；C選項(xiàng)corrosion“腐蝕，侵蝕”；D選項(xiàng)confrontation“對(duì)抗，面對(duì)”，根據(jù)空格前后的句子成分判斷，這里應(yīng)該填一個(gè)名詞，充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ)，從句意思是“有30人在昨天的鐵路撞擊事故中喪生”，可知空格部分單詞為“撞擊事故”，句意為：據(jù)報(bào)道有30人在昨天的鐵路撞擊事故中喪生。故正確答案A。

9.翻譯題

Implicitintheabovequestionsisthedevelopmentofsourcingalternatives.Indesigningsystems,theprudentmanagerhasanalternativeinmind,albeitanalternativethatmaynotbeafirstchoice,butonethatwillfunctionallysubstituteshouldagivenprocedure,supplier,ornationbecometemporarilyunavailable.Specificationshouldthusincludethenatureofrelationshipsbetweenthecompanyanditssuppliers,appropriatecommunicationstylesandlinkages,andaclearstatementofcompanyphilosophyandexpectationsfordealingwithitsowncustomers.

【答案】

在上述問(wèn)題中，尋找替代方案是不言而喻的。在設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)時(shí)，謹(jǐn)慎的管理者腦海中會(huì)有一個(gè)備選方案，盡管這個(gè)備選方案不是首選，但是，如果指定的程序、供應(yīng)商或供貨國(guó)家暫時(shí)無(wú)法使用，這個(gè)方案將能頂替并起作用。因此，細(xì)則中應(yīng)該說(shuō)明公司與其供應(yīng)商之間關(guān)系的性質(zhì)，合適的溝通方式和聯(lián)系方式，以及明確說(shuō)明公司的理念和與本公司打交道的要求。

10.單選題

Hedrovetothenearestdrugstoretohavethe（

）filled.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.descriptions

B.prescriptions

C.transcription

D.subscriptions

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)description“描述”；B選項(xiàng)prescriptions“處方”；C選項(xiàng)transcription“抄寫，抄本”；D選項(xiàng)subscription“訂閱，捐獻(xiàn)”。句意為：他開(kāi)車到最近的藥店給病人抓藥。故正確答案選B。

11.翻譯題

Thebigadvantagesofthespreadofprosperityincludeawiderdistributionofinnovationandbiggeropportunitiesforprofitableexchange.TheriseoftheUSbroughtsuchbenefitstotheUK.Alsovaluable(thoughnotcertain)isgreaterpoliticalstabilityinpreviouslyimpoverishedcountries.Thebigdisadvantageisgreatercompetitionforscarceresources.Powerisascarceresource:ifcountryAhasmore,countryBhasless.Resourcesarealsolimited.

【答案】

繁榮傳播開(kāi)來(lái)的幾大好處包括：創(chuàng)新的傳播范圍會(huì)擴(kuò)大，以及進(jìn)行有利可圖的交流的機(jī)會(huì)增多。美國(guó)的崛起就曾為英國(guó)帶來(lái)此類益處。此外，同樣有價(jià)值的（雖然并不確定）是以往的窮國(guó)在政治上會(huì)更加穩(wěn)定。最大的劣勢(shì)是對(duì)稀缺資源的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。能源是一種缺席資源：如果A國(guó)的資源增多，那B國(guó)的能源就會(huì)減少。資源也是有限的。

12.單選題

Studentsshouldknowbetterthan（

）petslikedogs,catsandmouseatdormitory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tofeed

B.feeding

C.tohavefed

D.fed

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。than后一般是接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)形式的詞，故四個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有B符合語(yǔ)境。句意為：學(xué)生應(yīng)該知道最好不要在宿舍里養(yǎng)狗、貓和老鼠之類的寵物。

13.單選題

Finally,Emily（

）divorce,sayingthatherhusbandabusedherphysicallyandpsychologically.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.filledinfor

B.filedfor

C.suedfor

D.appliedfor

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)fillinfor“代替，占據(jù)別人位置”；B選項(xiàng)filefor“申請(qǐng)”，主要用于申請(qǐng)事業(yè)單位工作；C選項(xiàng)suefor“控告”，表示就某事提出訴訟；D選項(xiàng)applyfor“申請(qǐng)，提出申請(qǐng)”。由關(guān)鍵詞“divorce離婚”，可知空格部分意思可能為“提出控告，控訴”，句意為：最后艾米麗提出離婚訴訟，稱她的丈夫?qū)λ谏眢w上和心理上實(shí)施家庭暴力。選項(xiàng)C與其意思接近。

14.單選題

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermaybeobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul—thequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking’sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’sbiography—notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe“authentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject,thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unauthorized”biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,the“unauthorized”characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“authentic”ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthestoryofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?

3.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat（

）.

4.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

B.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteafoodbiography

D.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.

C.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

D.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thebestbiographiesaretheonesofheroesandfamousfigures

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects’lives

C.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

D.biographiescanservedifferentpurpose

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject’scharacter

B.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject’sprivatelife

C.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsiders

D.itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividly

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.knowsthesubjectverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim

B.possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubject

C.isindependentandtreatsthesubjectwithfairnessandobjectivity

D.isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章首先講述傳記作家碰到的各種問(wèn)題，包括傳記作家寫作時(shí)在兩種立場(chǎng)之間搖擺不定。接著詳細(xì)闡述了傳記作家寫作創(chuàng)作的難點(diǎn)。最后提到了傳記作家“授權(quán)問(wèn)題”。所以由此可知，選項(xiàng)A“傳記作者很難找到合適的角度來(lái)進(jìn)行寫作”最符合題意。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第二段第一句“Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.對(duì)于傳記寫作這一工作來(lái)說(shuō)，沒(méi)有理想的角度。”和第三句“Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses每一種角度都有其優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)。”可知每位傳記作家都面對(duì)寫作角度中的優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)，所以沒(méi)有人能夠?qū)懗鐾昝罒o(wú)缺的傳記。故正確答案選C。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“biographiesofJesus”定位到文章第三段最后一句“ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.”，第三段主要是講傳記作者會(huì)根據(jù)描述對(duì)象做出有目的選擇，然后進(jìn)行寫作。所以，對(duì)于英雄和人物的傳記和神的傳記寫作的目的是不同的，屬于有目的的類型寫作。故正確答案選D。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第四段第四句“…the‘unauthorized’characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.這種未經(jīng)授權(quán)的描述通常暗示了當(dāng)事人原本希望壓制流言蜚語(yǔ)的前景?！笨芍?，選項(xiàng)B“它包含了關(guān)于描述對(duì)象私人生活的有趣信息”更符合題干意思，為正確答案。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.傳記作者必須站在被描述對(duì)象同一個(gè)世界的同一位置上，必要時(shí)需要調(diào)整位置來(lái)進(jìn)行描述。”和文章最后一段“Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis‘a(chǎn)uthorized’bythesubject,thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.在推進(jìn)這一主張時(shí)，他們得到幫助，如果傳記被主題‘授權(quán)’，這可能允許傳記作者的私人信息的特殊訪問(wèn)?！庇纱丝芍?，理想的傳記作家一方面要充分了解被描寫的對(duì)象，另外一方面也要和他保持一定的距離。故正確答案選A。

15.單選題

Thetaxi-driver（

）aboutourluggageandseemedtobeinathoroughlybadtemper.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.grieved

B.groaned

C.grumbled

D.growled

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)grieve“使悲傷，使苦惱”；B選項(xiàng)groan“呻吟；抱怨”；C選項(xiàng)grumble“抱怨，嘟囔”；D選項(xiàng)growl“咆哮”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格部分是和后面seem并列的謂語(yǔ)部分，根據(jù)“seemedtobeinathoroughlybadtemper看起來(lái)脾氣很壞”可知空格部分單詞意思為“對(duì)……嘟囔”，句意為：的士司機(jī)抱怨我們的行李，看起來(lái)脾氣非常壞。答案C與之意思接近。

16.單選題

Asanindependentcitizen,heseesnoobligationtoopenhimselftofurther（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.screech

B.scrutiny

C.scrub

D.scrap

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)screech“尖叫聲”；B選項(xiàng)scrutiny“詳細(xì)審查，監(jiān)視”；C選項(xiàng)scrub“矮樹(shù)，洗擦”；D選項(xiàng)scrap“碎片，殘余物”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“independentcitizen獨(dú)立公民”和動(dòng)詞“open公開(kāi)，打開(kāi)”，可知空格部分單詞意思“審查，檢查”，句意為：作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的公民，他認(rèn)為沒(méi)有義務(wù)進(jìn)一步讓自己接受審查。選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。

17.單選題

Thecharitableorganizationsetupa（

）forpeopleescapingfromthewarzone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.receipt

B.regiment

C.reign

D.refuge

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)receipt“收據(jù)、收入”；B選項(xiàng)regiment“大量的人、統(tǒng)治”；C選項(xiàng)reign“任期、主宰期”；D選項(xiàng)refuge“避難、避難所”，根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞“warzone交戰(zhàn)地帶”可聯(lián)想到refuge“避難、避難所”，句意為：這個(gè)慈善組織為逃離戰(zhàn)區(qū)的人們?cè)O(shè)立了避難所。故正確答案選D。

18.單選題

Theyare（

）investorswhoalwaysmakethoroughinvestigationsbothonlocalandinternationalmarketsbeforemakinganinvestment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.implicit

B.conscious

C.cautious

D.indecisive

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)implicit“暗示的，含蓄的”；B選項(xiàng)conscious“有意識(shí)的，清醒的，故意的”；C選項(xiàng)cautious“謹(jǐn)慎的”；D選項(xiàng)indecisive“猶豫不決的”。空格部分是需要一個(gè)修飾investors的形容詞。后面由who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾investor，根據(jù)句意“whoalwaysmakethoroughinvestigationsbothonlocalandinternationalmarkets…總要對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)睾蛧?guó)際市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行徹底調(diào)查”，判斷可知空格部分單詞意思應(yīng)該為“謹(jǐn)慎的”，句意為：他們是謹(jǐn)慎的投資者，在做出每筆投資前，總要對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)睾蛧?guó)際市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行徹底調(diào)查。故正確答案選C。

19.翻譯題

NoEnglishmanbelievesinworkingfrombooklearning.Hesuspectsalltheories,philosophicalorother.Hesuspectseverythingnew,anddislikesit,unlesshecanbecompelledbytheforceofcircumstancestoseethatthisnewthinghasadvantagesovertheold.Race-experienceiswhatheinvariablydependsupon,wheneverhecan,whetherinIndia,inEgypt,orinAustralia.Hisstatesmendonotconsulthistoricalprecedentsinordertodecidewhattodo:theyfirstlearnthefactsastheyare;thentheydependupontheirowncommonsense,notatallupontheiruniversitylearningoruponphilosophicaltheories.AndinthecaseoftheEnglishnation,itmustbeacknowledgedthatthisinstinctivemethodhasbeeneminentlysuccessful.

【答案】

沒(méi)有一個(gè)英國(guó)人相信從書(shū)本能學(xué)會(huì)工作。他們懷疑一切理論，不管是哲學(xué)理論還是其他的。他們是對(duì)一切新鮮事物持懷疑態(tài)度，并深惡痛絕，除非迫于形勢(shì)，他們才認(rèn)識(shí)到新的事物確比舊的事物更有優(yōu)勢(shì)。不管是身在印度、埃及或澳大利亞，只要可能，他們總是依靠他們自己的種族經(jīng)驗(yàn)。為了做出決策，英國(guó)的政治家們并不參閱歷史的先例，而是首先如實(shí)的弄清楚事實(shí)的真相；然后依靠自己的常識(shí)，而不是他們的大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)或哲學(xué)理論。就英國(guó)民族而論，必須承認(rèn)這種本能的處事方法一向是成功的。

20.單選題

TheGymnasiumwas（

）byApril2014,butnowthewallwasstillnowhereinsight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobecompleted

B.tocomplete

C.tohavecompleted

D.tohavebeencompleted

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。這里考查的是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。選項(xiàng)A是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)形式，表示被動(dòng)或是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)B是不定式的一般式，和句中的主語(yǔ)形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)C是不定式的完成式，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。選項(xiàng)D表示不定式的完成式，并且含有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示動(dòng)賓關(guān)系兼完成狀態(tài)。分析文章語(yǔ)義“體育館2014年4月建成”了，選項(xiàng)D為最佳答案。

21.單選題

Theearningsofwomenarewellbelowthatofmen（

）educationaldifferencesthatarediminishingbetweenthetwosexes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.although

B.though

C.despiteof

D.inspiteof

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“雖然，盡管”的意思。選項(xiàng)C的結(jié)構(gòu)一般很少使用。Although和though都可以引導(dǎo)句子，不過(guò)although只能置于句首。這里空格后面是一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)educationaldifferences跟一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。所以只能填入選項(xiàng)D介詞短語(yǔ)，后面接名詞。句意為：女性的收入遠(yuǎn)在男性之下，盡管兩性在教育方面的差距正在消除。

22.單選題

Untilrecently,womeninadvertisementswereoneofthreethings—anapron,aglamorousdressorafrown.Althoughthatisnowchanging,manywomenstillfeelangryenoughtodefaceoffendingadvertisementswithstickersprotesting,“Thisaddegradeswomen.”Whydoesthissortofadvertisingexist?Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer?

TheAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(thebodywhichdealswithcomplaintsaboutprintmedia)iscarryingoutaresearchintohowwomenfeelaboutthewaytheyareportrayedinadvertisements.Itsconclusionsarelikelytobewhattheadvertisingindustryalreadyknows:althoughwomenareoftenirritatedbythewaytheyareseeninads,fewfeelstronglyenoughtocomplain.

Womenarenottheonlyvictimsofpoorandboringstereotypes—inmanyTVcommercialsmenareseeneitherasuseless,childishoafs(笨蛋)whoareunabletoperformthesimplesthouseholdtasks,orasinconsiderateboors,permanentlyonthelookoutforanescapetothepub.Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.

YetaccordingtoEmmaBennett,executivecreativedirectorofaLondonadvertisingagency,womenarenotinfuriatedbystereotypesandsexistadvertising.Ittendstowashoverthem,theyarenotmilitantorangry—theyjustfinditannoyingortiresome.Theyreluctantlyacceptoutdatedstereotypes,butheaveasighofreliefwhenanadvertisementreallygetsitright.

Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.“Researchershaveoftenaskedthewrongquestions.Themostimportantthingistheadvertisement’stoneofvoice.Womenhatebeingpatronized,flatteredorgivendesperatelydown-to-earthcommonsenseadvice.”

Intheend,theresponsibilityforgoodadvertisingmustbesharedbetweentheadvertiser,theadvertisingagencyandtheconsumer.Advertisingdoesnotsettrendsbutitreflectsthem.Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.

1.Despiterecentchangesinattitudes,someadvertisementsstillfailto（

）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,thecommonestfaultofpresent-dayadvertisingisto（

）.

3.EmmaBennettsuggeststhatadvertisementoughtto（

）.

4.Ultimatelytheadvertisingindustryshould（

）.

5.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatinordertoimproveadvertisingthecustomershould（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.changewomen’sopinionsofthemselves

B.meettheneedsoftheadvertisingindustry

C.persuadethepublictobuycertainproducts

D.showanyunderstandingofwomen’sfeelings

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.presentamisleadingimageofwomen

B.ignoreprotestsagainstadvertisements

C.misrepresenttheactivitiesofmen

D.condemntheroleofthehousewife

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.usemaleimagesinsteadoffemaleones

B.givefurtheremphasistopracticaladvice

C.changetheirstyleratherthantheircontent

D.paymorecomplimentstowomenthanbefore

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.takeitsjobmoreearnestly

B.domorepioneeringwork

C.takenoticeofthepublicopinion

D.concentrateontheproductsadvertised

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.takenonoticeofwhatisreflectedinads

B.remindadvertisersofwhathavebeenoverlooked

C.takeoverthemanagementofadvertisingagencies

D.refusetobuyproductsmisrepresentedbysomeads

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段最后一句中“Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer？廣告商和廣告公司怎么能在經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)月的研究之后，還能生產(chǎn)出冒犯消費(fèi)者的廣告呢？”可推知一些廣告仍然沒(méi)有對(duì)消費(fèi)者的感受表示出任何理解的跡象，故答案選D。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.但是，女性似乎首當(dāng)其沖地承受著這個(gè)行業(yè)明顯的無(wú)能，無(wú)法將人們置于真實(shí)的當(dāng)今環(huán)境中?！笨赏浦髡哒J(rèn)為當(dāng)前的廣告最普遍的錯(cuò)誤就是沒(méi)有把女性放在真實(shí)的處境中，呈現(xiàn)出不真實(shí)的女性形象，答案選A。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第五段第一句“Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.她說(shuō)，困擾女性的并不是廣告對(duì)家庭主婦角色的使用，而是在于處理它的方式?！庇纱丝赏茢嗨ㄗh廣告應(yīng)該改變方式，而不是內(nèi)容，故答案選C。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。結(jié)合文章最后一段可知優(yōu)秀的廣告應(yīng)該由廣告商、廣告機(jī)構(gòu)和消費(fèi)者共同完成，由此可推斷廣告業(yè)應(yīng)該注重民意。答案選C。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章最后一段“Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該告訴廣告商他們失敗的地方；而改變的過(guò)程將會(huì)非常緩慢，直到作為接受方的消費(fèi)者認(rèn)真對(duì)待這件事，并讓他們的感覺(jué)被廣告商知道。”由此可知答案選B。

23.單選題

Althoughthetwoplayersare（

）inthetenniscourt,theyarereallygoodfriends.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.partners

B.rivals

C.enemies

D.companions

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)partner“同伴、合伙人”；B選項(xiàng)rival“對(duì)手、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者”；C選項(xiàng)enemy“敵人”；D選項(xiàng)companion“同伴、伙伴”，空格所在的句子為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，句子意思為“盡管兩位選手在網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)上是對(duì)手”，可知空格部分單詞意思為“對(duì)手”，和主句中的“goodfriends好朋友”是正反義詞關(guān)系，句意為：盡管兩位選手在網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)上是對(duì)手，但是她們是很好的朋友。故正確答案選B。

24.單選題

WilliamPenn,thefounderofPennsylvania,（

）defendedtherightofeverycitizentofreedomofchoiceinreligion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.peculiarly

B.indifferently

C.vigorously

D.inevitably

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)peculiarly“特別、尤其”；B選項(xiàng)indifferently“冷漠地、漠不關(guān)心地”；C選項(xiàng)vigorously“活潑地、精力旺盛地”；D選項(xiàng)inevitably“必然地”，句意：賓夕法尼亞州的開(kāi)國(guó)元?jiǎng)淄?佩恩積極捍衛(wèi)每個(gè)公民選擇宗教信仰的自由權(quán)利。C選項(xiàng)vigorously“活潑地、精力旺盛地”符合語(yǔ)境，故正確答案選C。

25.單選題

Thejudgedoesn’tknowwhetherthewitnessistellingthetruth,buthewill（

）it.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.identify

B.enforce

C.distinguish

D.verify

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)identify“認(rèn)出，鑒定”，多用于在眾多物品中選出某一特定物品；B選項(xiàng)enforce“強(qiáng)迫，強(qiáng)化”；C選項(xiàng)distinguish“區(qū)別，辨別”；D選項(xiàng)verify“證實(shí)，查證，核實(shí)”。本句是but連接兩個(gè)并列句子，根據(jù)前面的意思“法官不知道證人說(shuō)的是否是真話”，推測(cè)后面空格部分填入的動(dòng)詞意思應(yīng)該是“證實(shí)，證明”，

26.單選題

Little（

）howhappyIhadbeen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shehadrealized

B.didsherealize

C.sherealized

D.hassherealized

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)否定詞little位于句首時(shí)后面的句子要進(jìn)行主謂倒裝，且由句中關(guān)鍵詞“hadbeen（過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)）”的對(duì)應(yīng)知這里應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故B項(xiàng)“didherealize”正確。

27.單選題

Theirdiplomaticprinciplescompletelylaidbaretheir（

）forworldconquest.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.admiration

B.ambition

C.administration

D.orientation

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)admiration“羨慕”；B選項(xiàng)ambition“野心、企圖”；C選項(xiàng)administration“管理、行政”；D選項(xiàng)orientation“方向、定位”。句子的主語(yǔ)是diplomaticprinciples“外交政策”，laysth.bare是一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)，意思為“顯示，揭露”的意思。由此可知，空格部分單詞意思應(yīng)該為“野心，企圖”，句意為：他們的外交政策徹底暴露出他們征服世界的企圖。正確答案選B。

28.單選題

Todaybusinesscardsaredistributedwithabandonbyworkingpeopleofallsocialclasses,illustratingnotonlytheubiquityofcommercialinterestsbutalsothefluidityoftheworldoftrade.Whetheroneisbuttonholingpotentialclientsforacarpentryservice,announcingone’slatestacademicappointment,or“networking”withfellowexecutives,itispermissibletoadvertiseone’stalentsandavailabilitybyanoutstretchedhandandthestatement“Here’smycard.”AsRobertLouisStevensononceobserved,everybodymakeshislivingbysellingsomething.Businesscardsfacilitatethisendeavor.

Ithasnotalwaysbeenthisway.Thecardsthatweusetodayforcommercialpurposesareavulgarizationofthenineteenth-centurysocialcallingcards,anartifactwithaquitedifferentpurpose.IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusinessrelationships,butthatyourmoneywassooldthatyouhadnoneedtomakealiving.Forthecalling-cardclass,lifewasacontinualroundofsocialvisits,andtheprotocol（禮儀）governingthesevisitswasinextricablylinkedtotheproperuseofcards.PickupanyetiquettemanualpredatingWorldWarⅠ,andyouwillfindwholechaptersdevotedtosuchquestionsaswhetherasinglegentlemanmayleaveacardforalady;whenaladymust,andmustnot,turndowntheedgesofacard;andwhetheranunmarriedgirlofbetweenfourteenandseventeenmaycarrymorethansixorlessthanthirteencardsinherpurseinmonthsbeginningwitha“J”.Thecallingcardsystemwasespeciallycherishedbythosewhomadenodistinctionbetweenmannersandmereform,anditspreciousnesswaswelldefinedbyMrs.JohnSherwood.Her1887manualcalledthecard“thefieldmarkanddevice”ofcivilization.

Thebusinessversionofthecallingcardcameinaroundtheturnofthecentury,whentheformerlywell-definedbordersbetweenthecommercialandthepersonalrealmswereusedwidely,societymavens(專家)considereditunforgivabletofusethetworealms.EmilyPost’scontemporaryLilianEichlercalleditverypoortastetousebusinesscardsforsocialpurposes,andaslateas1967AmyVanderbiltcounseledthatthemerchant’smarker“mayneverdoubleforsocialpurposes”.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,peopledistributetheirbusinesscardsinorderto（

）.

2.Thesentence“yourmoneywassoold”inthesecondparagraphmeans（

）.

3.WhatisNOTtrueaboutthecalling-cardclassinthe19thcentury?

4.Accordingtothepassage,businesscardsarelikelytohaveappeared（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTstatedorimpliedinthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.maketheirliving

B.showtheirsocialstatus

C.facilitatesellingtheirproducts

D.illustratethefluidityoftheworldoftrade

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.youhadalotofmoney.

B.yourmoneywasuseless.

C.youhadanoldpoundnote.

D.youinheritedafortunefromyourancestor

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyusedtheircallingcardstowinladies’favor.

B.Therewereguidebooksontheprotocolforthemtoread.

C.Theylivedaleisuredlifewithoutworryingaboutearningaliving.

D.Theiruseofcardswassupposedtogobyasetofcomplexrulesofmanner.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.after1967

B.afterWorldWarⅠ

C.atthebeginningofthe19thcentury

D.atthebeginningofthe20th

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Mostpeoplethinkitimpropertousebusinesscardsforsocialpurposes.

B.Today’sbusinesscardsareavulgarizationofthe19th-centurysocialcallingcard.

C.Inthe19thcentury,possessingacallingcardindicatedone’shighsocialposition.

D.Inthe19thcentury,thecalling-cardclassneverusedtheircardsforcommercialpurposes.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段最后兩句“AsRobertLouisStevensononceobserved,everybodymakeshislivingbysellingsomething.Businesscardsfacilitatethisendeavor.正如羅伯特?路易斯?史蒂文森曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，每個(gè)人靠賣東西為生。商務(wù)名片促進(jìn)了這一努力。”由此可知，人們遞商務(wù)名片是為了賣產(chǎn)品，選項(xiàng)C符合上下文語(yǔ)境，為正確答案。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第二段第三句“IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusinessrelationships,butthatyourmoneywassooldthatyouhadnoneedtomakealiving.在鍍金時(shí)代，擁有名片并不意味著你有興趣結(jié)成商務(wù)關(guān)系，而是你有遺產(chǎn)，所以你不需要為生計(jì)犯愁。”由此可知題干句子的意思應(yīng)該指從祖先那里得到一大筆遺產(chǎn)之意。oldmoney意為“祖?zhèn)鬟z產(chǎn)”，故正確答案選D。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第二段“Forthecalling-cardclass,lifewasacontinualroundofsocialvisits他們的日子就是在社交活動(dòng)中打發(fā)的”可知選項(xiàng)C符合文意；由“theprotocolgoverningthesevisitswasinextricablylinkedtotheproperuseofcards管理這些社交活動(dòng)的禮儀與正確使用卡片有著千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系”可知他們?cè)谏缃换顒?dòng)中交換名片是需遵守復(fù)雜的禮儀規(guī)范，因此選項(xiàng)D沒(méi)錯(cuò)，以及由“PickupanyetiquettemanualpredatingWorldWarⅠ,andyouwillfindwholechaptersdevotedtosuchquestionsaswhetherasinglegentlemanmayleaveacardforalady在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)前，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的禮儀手冊(cè)里面整個(gè)章節(jié)都在討論這樣的問(wèn)題：一個(gè)單身男士是否可以給女士遞名片?！笨芍x項(xiàng)B無(wú)誤；選項(xiàng)A文章中沒(méi)有提及，因此答案選A。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Thecardsthatweusetodayforcommercialpurposesareavulgarizationofthenineteenth-centurysocialcallingcards,anartifactwithaquitedifferentpurpose.我們今天用于商業(yè)目的的卡片是19世紀(jì)社會(huì)名片的俗化，是一種具有完全不同目的的工藝品?！币约拔恼碌谌蔚谝痪渲小癟hebusinessversionofthecallingcardcameinaroundtheturnofthecentury...拜帖的商業(yè)版本（名片）出現(xiàn)在世紀(jì)之交……”；由此推斷選項(xiàng)D最符合句子意思。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。定位到文章第二段第三句“IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusiness